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    The effect of bevacizumab and 5-Fluorouracil combination on epidural fibrosis in a rat laminectomy model
    (Verduci Publisher, 2014) Ozkan, U.; Osun, A.; Samancioglu, A.; Ercan, S.; Firat, U.; Kemaloglu, S.
    OBJECTIVE: An animal model of laminectomy in rats was used to study scar tissue formation around the spinal cord. Bevacizumab (BV) [a recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor], 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and BV+5-FU was tested in this system for its ability to decrease fibrous tissue formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were used in this sudy. Rats were divided into four groups; a control group, a BV group, a 5-FU group and a BV+5-FU group. L12 laminectomies were performed on the rats. The medicated groups were treated with topical drug administration. After 6 weeks, the rats were sacrified and histologic sections prepared from the spines were examined and graded by a pathologist. Epidural fibrosis and fibroblast density were evaluated under light microscope. RESULTS: BV (Avastin: Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA) significantly reduced the density of the scar tissue undermining the laminas (p < 0.005). Monotherapy with 5-FU did not change the scar formation in the back (p = 0.317). Combination of 5-FU and BV was more effective on reducing the epidural fibrosis after laminectomy on rats (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab reduced the spinal epidural fibrosis significantly that developed in rats after laminectomy and 5-Fluorouracil combination had a synergic effect. Further investigations under the light of these findings may help to reduce epidural fibrosis formation after laminectomy.
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    Is intralipid fat emulsion a promising therapeutic strategy on neurotoxicity induced by malathion in rats?
    (Verduci Publisher, 2014) Basarslan, S. K.; Alp, H.; Senol, S.; Evliyaoglu, O.; Ozkan, U.
    AIM: Malathion is one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides and herbicides. It has given rise to major clinical problems by its poisoning in all over the world. Malathion also a highly lipophilic agent, and tends to accumulate within lipid-rich tissue like a brain in the body, causing toxicity. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate if there is a possible beneficial effect of using intralipid fat emulsion (IFE) on the neurotoxicity, and to detect it time-dependently at the beginning, 6th and 12th hours of M intoxication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups including: control (C), Lipid (L) group (18.6 mL/kg oral IFE), Malathion (M) group (10 mg/kg oral M), M0L group (IFE treated after immediate from M), M6L group (IFE treated after 6 hours from M), M12L group (IFE treated after 12 hours from M). RESULTS: M group in comparison with all others group, there was an increase in the total oxidant status (TOS) level. M group in comparison with C, L, M0L groups, it was seen significantly decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. Interestingly, M group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was no significant difference among these groups in terms of the TAC levels. Although there was no significant difference among C, L and M0L groups in terms of both TAC and TOS levels, but was significant difference C, L groups in comparison with M6L, M12L groups in terms of TAC levels. C group in comparison with L, M0L, M6L, M12L groups in terms of TOS levels, there was no significant difference. These findings have indicated that IFE seriously reduced TOS levels in all the groups depending on time. Also, M0L group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was significantly increase of the TAC levels. There was no statistically significant difference between M6L and M12L groups. These biochemical results were confirmed with immunohistochemical results. CONCLUSIONS: The study has had some certain evidence that IFE is a promising safe therapy for acutely intoxicated cases by organophosphate. It is much more effective if used at the beginning of organophosphate poisoning. As such, there is no need to avoid using IFE in clinical practice.