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    Comparison of Apical Microleakage of Dual-Curing Resin Cements with Fluid-Filtration and Dye Extraction Techniques
    (Int Scientific Literature, Inc, 2015) Kaya, Sadullah; Ozer, Senem Yigit; Adiguzel, Ozkan; Orucoglu, Hasan; Deger, Yalcin; Tumen, Emin Caner; Uysal, Ibrahim
    Background: Endodontically treated teeth with excessive loss of tooth structure are frequently restored using fiber posts. In this in vitro study, the apical leakage of self-and dual-activated curing modes for dual-curing resins cementing a translucent fiber post was evaluated using computerized fluid filtration meter and dye extraction method. Material/Methods: One hundred and four extracted human maxillary incisors with single root and canal were used. Experimental samples embedded in a closed system were divided into 4 groups (n=20) according to 2 dual-curing luting systems, with 2 different curing modes (either with self-or light-activation): (1) Panavia F 2.0 with self-cure, (2) Panavia F 2.0 with light-activation, (3) Clearfill SA with self-cure, and (4) Clearfill SA with light activation. Twenty-four teeth served as negative and positive controls. Translucent fiber posts were luted in the roots except in the control groups. Results: Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in leakage among groups (p>0.05) with 4.12x10(-4) (Panavia self-cure), 4.55x10(-4) (Clearfill SA self-cure), 5.17x10(-4) (Panavia dual-cure), and 5.59x10(-4) (Clearfill SA dual-cure) in fluid-filtration method. Absorbance values for dye-extraction method were 266 nanometer (nm) (Panavia self-cure), 268 nm (Clearfill SA self-cure), 270 nm (Panavia dual-cure), and 271 nm (Clearfill SA dual-cure), in which difference among the groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05). When comparing the leakage, assessment methods results showed no statistically significant difference between the tested evaluation techniques (p>0.05). Conclusions: Light-and self-activation curing modes of Panavia F 2.0 and Clearfill SA perform similar to each other in a closed system.
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    Comparison of root canal transportation induced by three rotary systems with noncutting tips using computed tomography
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2011) Ozer, Senem Yigit
    Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability (apical transportation and straightening) of 3 nickel-titanium rotary instruments (ProTaper Universal, Hero 642 Apical, FlexMaster) with noncutting tips in curved root canals of extracted human teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study design. Sixty mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars with curvatures of 25 degrees to 47 degrees were equally divided into 3 groups and embedded in silicone impression material. The root canals were scanned using CBCT (Next Generation i-CAT) and after scanning working length was determined with a hand file to preserve the original curvature. After preparation, teeth were placed into their original positions on the silicone impression material and postinstrumentation scans were performed using the same parameters (4-cm field of view at 0.125-mm voxel). Pre- and postinstrumentation images obtained from root cross-sections located 2, 3, and 4 mm above the apical foramen were compared using Adobe Photoshop software. Transportation was measured by superimposition of final and initial images. Any distance (mm) between prepared and anatomic canal centers was defined as apical transportation. Canal curvatures were measured before and after instrumentation using computed tomography and images were exported to ImageJ software. Differences in the degree and radius of curvature were regarded as straightening. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results. Mean transportation values were 0.10 +/- 0.03 mm for ProTaper Universal, 0.09 +/- 0.03 mm for Hero 642 Apical, and 0.07 +/- 0.02 mm for FlexMaster, and the differences were not significant. Mean values for straightening among the groups were not significantly different (P > .05). The performances of all instruments were similar. Conclusion. Apical transportation occurred with all the instruments despite their noncutting tips. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 111: 244-250)
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    Detection of Vertical Root Fractures by Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography with Variable Voxel Sizes in an In Vitro Model
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2011) Ozer, Senem Yigit
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with different voxel resolutions in the detection of simulated vertical root fracture (VRF). Methods: Sixty teeth, 30 with root fractures and 30 without, were examined through i-CAT tomography at 4 different voxel resolutions (0.125, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mm). Three observers scored the presence of VRF in all modalities. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, and accuracy were calculated for each modality. Results: Chi-square statistical analysis showed no significant difference among the resolutions or observers. However, positive likelihood ratio values of 24.5 for a 0.125-mm voxel, 24.25 for a 0.2-mm voxel, 13.2 for a 0.3-mm voxel, and 13 for a 0.4-mm voxel were found. Accuracy results confirmed the likelihood ratios as 0.97, 0.96, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively. Conclusions: CBCT scans were reliable in detecting simulated VRF, and a 0.2-mm voxel was the best protocol, considering the lower x-ray exposure and good diagnostic performance. (J Endod 2011;37:75-79)
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    Detection of Vertical Root Fractures of Different Thicknesses in Endodontically Enlarged Teeth by Cone Beam Computed Tomography versus Digital Radiography
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2010) Ozer, Senem Yigit
    Introduction: This study was performed to compare the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and digital radiography (DR) for detecting simulated vertical root fractures (VRFs) with different thicknesses in extracted human teeth. Methods: Eighty teeth were endodontically prepared and divided into 4 groups, 3 experimental and 1 control. The teeth in experimental groups were artificially fractured and fixed together with different thicknesses of 0.2 mm (0.2-mm VRF group), 0.4 mm (0.4-mm VRF group), and smaller than 0.2 mm (crack group). Teeth in control group were kept intact. Three observers evaluated the DR and CBCT images in terms of accuracy for VRF detection. Results: No significant differences in detection rate were noted among the observers (P > .5). The overall accuracy for detecting VRFs was significantly higher for CBCT scans compared with DR (P < .001). CBCT scans were more accurate in detecting 0.2-mm VRFs (70%) and 0.4-mm VRFs (90%) as compared with DR (43.3% and 60%, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that CBCT scans are effective for detecting VRFs of different thicknesses. (J Endod 2010;36:1245-1249)
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    Diagnosis and Treatment of Endodontically Treated Teeth with Vertical Root Fracture: Three Case Reports with Two-year Follow-up
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2011) Ozer, Senem Yigit; Unlu, Gulten; Deger, Yalcin
    Introduction: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is an important threat to the tooth's prognosis during and after root canal treatment. Often the detection of these fractures occurs years later by using conventional periapical radiographs. However, recent studies have addressed the benefits of computed tomography to diagnose these problems earlier. Accurately diagnosed VRFs have been treated by extraction of teeth, with minimal damage to the periodontal ligament, extraoral bonding of fractured segments with an adhesive resin cement, and intentional replantation of teeth after reconstruction. Methods: The 3 case reports presented here describe the diagnosis and treatment of vertically fractured teeth that had been previously treated endodontically. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for diagnostic imaging to detect VRFs. Vertically fractured roots were carefully extracted and extraorally treated by using a self-etching dual-cure adhesive resin cement, and intentional replantations were performed after reconstruction. Results: After a mean follow-up period of 2 years, the teeth were asymptomatic. There was no clinical ankylosis, and diagnosis by using CBCT scans showed reduced periapical radiolucency. Conclusions: Extraoral bonding of fractured segments and intentional replantation of teeth after reconstruction provide an alternative treatment to extraction, especially for anterior teeth. Computed tomography assisted VRF diagnosis is helpful in detecting fractures; however, higher-resolution tomography units providing better image quality would be a better choice for improved visualization of these fractures. (J Endod 2011;37:97-102)
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    Evaluation of microleakage of root canal fillings irradiated with different output powers of erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser
    (Wiley, 2013) Ozer, Senem Yigit; Basaran, Emine
    This study evaluated the root canal seal achieved by irradiation with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser, and the optimal output power to remove debris and the smear layer were determined. One hundred mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and divided into four groups. Group 1 was not lased but was irrigated with 5mL of 5.25% NaOCl and 5mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Group 2 was irradiated at a panel setting of 1W, group 3 at 2W and group 4 at 2.5W, with a 50% water level and 48% air-cooling level. Root canals were obturated by cold lateral compaction, and apical microleakage was measured using a fluid filtration model. The remaining debris and smear layer were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy. Statistically significant differences were detected between groups. Irradiation at 1 and 2W using an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser produced a seal superior to that of the other treatments.
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    Evaluation of Temperature and Stress Distribution on 2 Different Post Systems Using 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
    (Int Scientific Literature, Inc, 2015) Deger, Yalcin; Adiguzel, Ozkan; Ozer, Senem Yigit; Kaya, Sadullah; Polat, Zelal Seyfioglu; Bozyel, Bejna
    Background: The mouth is exposed to thermal irritation from hot and cold food and drinks. Thermal changes in the oral cavity produce expansions and contractions in tooth structures and restorative materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature and stress distribution on 2 different post systems using the 3-dimensional (3D) finite element method. Material/Methods: The 3D finite element model shows a labio-lingual cross-sectional view of the endodontically treated upper right central incisor and supporting periodontal ligament with bone structures. Stainless steel and glass fiber post systems with different physical and thermal properties were modelled in the tooth restored with composite core and ceramic crown. We placed 100 N static vertical occlusal loading onto the center of the incisal surface of the tooth. Thermal loads of 0 degrees C and 65 degrees C were applied on the model for 5 s. Temperature and thermal stresses were determined on the labio-lingual section of the model at 6 different points. Results: The distribution of stress, including thermal stress values, was calculated using 3D finite element analysis. The stainless steel post system produced more temperature and thermal stresses on the restorative materials, tooth structures, and posts than did the glass fiber reinforced composite posts. Conclusions: Thermal changes generated stresses in the restorative materials, tooth, and supporting structures.
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    Influence of Fiber-reinforced Composites on the Resistance to Fracture of Vertically Fractured and Reattached Fragments
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2011) Sen, Bilge Hakan; Ozer, Senem Yigit; Kaya, Sadullah; Adiguzel, Ozkan
    Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture type and test the effects of 2 different fibers on fracture strength of roots with reattached fragments. The null hypothesis was that adding suitable fibers to the content of dual-cure adhesive resin cement increases the fracture resistance of reattached fragments under vertical forces. Methods: Root canals of 45 teeth were prepared, and the teeth were intentionally fractured into 2 separate fragments. Control groups (n = 7 each) consisted of unfractured teeth with instrumented and obturated or only instrumented root canals. The fractured teeth were divided into 3 groups (n = 15 each), and separated fragments were reattached by using (1) dual-cured resin cement (Clearfil SA), (2) dual-cured resin cement + polyethylene fiber (Construct), or (3) dual-cured resin cement + glass fiber (Stick-Net). Force was applied at a constant speed of 0.5 mrn/min to the root until fracture. Mean load was recorded and analyzed statistically by using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (P = .05). Fracture types were analyzed by using chi(2) analysis with Yates correction. Results: Stick-Net demonstrated the lowest fracture resistance (P < .05), whereas Construct and Clearfil SA had similar fracture strengths (P > .05). The roots in the control group showed the highest fracture resistance. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the Construct, Clearfil SA, and control groups (P > .05). Conclusions: Separated fragments of vertically fractured teeth can be reattached by using a dual-cured resin or by adding polyethylene fiber (Construct). (J Endod 2011;37:549-553)