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Öğe ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE IN SOUTHEAST OF TURKEY(Carbone Editore, 2013) Dal, Tuba; Ozcan, Nida; Tekin, Recep; Tekin, Alicem; Celen, Mustafa Kemal; Ozekinci, Tuncer; Dal, T.Objective: Tuberculosis is a globally prevalent life-threatening infectious disease. In this study we aimed to evaluate antibiotic suscebtibility rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. Materials and methods: A total of 150 culture-positive samples were included in. Among culture positive samples 86 were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 64 were non-tuberculous mycobacterium. Of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated samples 45 were Ziehl-Neelsen positive. Of 64 non-tuberculous mycobacterium isolated samples 15 were Ziehl-Neelsen positive. Mean age of the patients with tuberculosis was 37.74 +/- 20.53 and non-tuberculous mycobacterium isolated patients was 46.80 +/- 23.32. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for the four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs by BACTEC MGIT-960 instrument (Becton Dickinson). Of M. tuberculosis strains 41 % was resistant to at least one or more of the drugs (isoniasid 27.9%, ethambutol 8.13%, streptomycin 12.79 %, rifampicine 9.3 %). Of the strains 5.8 % was resistant to two, 3.4 % to three and 3.4 % to four drugs. Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and drug resistance of this microorganism continued to be a problem for our country and non-tuberculous mycobacterium species may become a problem in the future. We thought that a strong and cost-effective tuberculosis control programme contributes to reduce the incidence of drug resistance in the community.Öğe Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Fluoride Release of Seven Different Glass-Ionomer-Based Restorative Materials(Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2020) Sagmak, Savas; Bahsi, Emrullah; Ozcan, Nida; Satici, OmerPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate one high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (EQUIA/GC), two resin-modified glass ionomers (Fuji II LC/GC, Photac Fil Quick Aplicap/3M Oral Care), two traditional glass ionomers (Ketac Molar Easymix/3M, Fuji II/GC), and two compomers (Freedom/SDI, Dyract XP/Dentsply Sirona) through a comparison of fluoride release and antimicrobial effects. Materials and Methods: A total of 210 samples were prepared, as 10 for each of the 7 materials for fluoride release and 20 for each material for the antimicrobial effect tests. To measure fluoride release, 5 ml distilled water and 5 ml TISAB II were added to the samples, which were then incubated at 37 degrees C. The fluoride levels of the material were measured using the selective ion electrode on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28. To compare the antimicrobial effects, 20 samples were divided in two groups and implanted in culture media containing Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophylus. Measurements were taken on days 2, 4 and 6. The diameter of the inhibition zone was recorded in millimetre (mm). Results: All the materials released fluoride and the difference between them was determined to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). The antimicrobial effect values of the materials against S. mutans and L. acidophylus were evaluated and statistically significant difference was determined between the materials on all the measurement days. Conclusions: All the materials were observed to release fluoride. With the exception of the compomers, all the other materials showed an antimicrobial effect against S. mutans and L. acidophylus.Öğe Cryptococcus liquefaciens meningitis in a patient with T cell non Hodgin lymphoma(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2019) Ozcan, Nida; Dal, Tuba; Akpolat, Nezahat; Durmaz, Riza; Yakut, Salim; Zeybek, Hasan; Gul, KadriInvasive fungal cryptococcosis including meningitidis is a growing threat to immunocompromised patients. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the main agents of human cryptococcosis. In recent years, there has been an increased incidence of opportunistic infections caused by other species, such as C. liquefaciens. In this study, we presented a meningitis case report caused by Cryptococcus liquefaciens in a 12 years old girl with T cell NHL (Non Hodgin lymphoma). A 12-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of T-NHL (T cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) under the chemotherapy was hospitalized in Hematology Clinic with the complaints of fever and occasional headache for three days. The yeast colonies were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid material (CSF). MALDI-TOF MS (Matriks assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, Bruker Daltonics, USA) and Nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were used to identify the yeast. Isolated yeast is identified as Cryptococcus liquefaciens by MALDI-TOF MS and Nested PCR. In conclusion, C. liquefaciens can be a causative agent of menigitidis in cases with NHL. Nested PCR was a good, time-saving and economical method for the accurate and early diagnosis of C. liquefaciens infections. Our presented case also showed that result of MALDI-TOF method was compatible with nested PCR method in identification of C. liquefaciens.Öğe Dissemination of blaOXA-48 like, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM genes among carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Southeastern Turkey: first report of Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Bilik, Ozge Alkan; Bayraktar, Mehmet; Ozcan, Nida; Gul, Kadri; Akpolat, NezahatIntroduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) cause serious and life-threatening infections with limited treatment options. The most common causes of carbapenem resistance are carbapenemases. We aimed to determine the most prevalent carbapenemase genes; bla(NDM), bla(KPC), bla(IMP-1), bla(VIM), bla(OXA-48) like genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains in the southeast region of Turkey. Methods: Eighty-nine isolates (74 K. pneumoniae, 15 E. coli) were included in the study. The isolates were found as carbapenem-resistant by BD Phoenix automated system and Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by BD Phoenix automated system. Combination disc method (CDM) was also carried out as phenotypic method of carbapenemase detection. The presence of bla(NDM), bla(KPC), bla(IMP-1), bla(VIM) and bla(OXA-48)-like genes were investigated by Xpert CARBA-R (Cepheid, USA) multiplex PCR commercial system. Results: Antibiotic resistance rates by Phoenix were 48.3 97.8, 80.9, 96.6, 93.3, 96.6, 97.8, 69.7 and 97.8% for amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and piperacillin-tazobactam, respectively. The bla(OXA-48)-like gene was detected in 65 (73%); bla(NDM) gene in 4 (4.5%); co-production of bla(OXA-48)-like and bla(NDM) in 6 (6.7%); co-production of bla(OXA-48)-like, bla(VIM) and bla(IMP-1) genes in 1(1.2%) isolate. None of the bla(OXA-48)-like, bla(NDM), bla(VIM), bla(IMP-1), bla(KPC) genes were detected in 13 (14.6%) of the isolates. The sensitivity and specificity of CDM were calculated as 80 and 85% respectively. Conclusion: We detected bla(OXA-48)-like gene most frequently in our region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae-co-producing bla(OXA-48)-like, bla(VIM) and bla(IMP-1) genes. The coexistence of these genes is alarming and causes both infection control and treatment problems. Effective infection control measures are essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Copyright (C) 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe EFFECTS OF SUMAC POWDER (Rhus coriaria L.) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY AND INTESTINAL MICROBIOATA IN BROILERS AT DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Cakmak, Mehmetcan; Ozcan, Nida; Denli, MuzafferThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of sumac powder (Rhus coriaria) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and intestinal microbiota in broilers reared at different stocking densities. A total of 378 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were subjected to a 2 stocking densities (10 and 20 chicks/m(2) floor area; normal and high stocking density) x 3 sumac powder levels (0.0, 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg feed) factorial arrangement of treatments. Body weight and feed intake were significantly lower in chickens reared at high stocking density than normal stocking density groups (P<0.05). Moreover, feed conversion rate was negatively affected by high stocking density (P<0.05). Dietary addition of sumac powder had no effect on these variables in both stocking densities (P>0.05). Both stocking densities and the supplementation of sumac powder to the feeds had a reducing effect on intestinal weight (P<0.05). Serum total protein concentration of chickens reared at high stocking density was higher than those of the control normal groups (P<0.05). There was interaction between stocking density and dietary sumac powder supplementation for only body weight and abdominal fat pad variables at the end of the study (P<0.05). However, no differences were observed for the relative weight of liver, spleen, gizzard and proventriculus (P>0.05). In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities and high density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in the serum were not influenced by the any stocking density and sumac powder supplementation (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that broilers exhibited low performance when reared at high stocking density and dietary supplementation of sumac powder has not prevented this decline.Öğe EFFICACY OF HERBAL EXTRACTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY AND INTESTINAL SELECTED BACTERIAL POPULATION IN BROILERS(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Akyildiz, Serhat; Ozcan, Nida; Denli, MuzafferThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two herbal extracts (Emerald and Gundelia tournefortii L. Seed) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and intestinal bacterial population in broilers. A total of 280 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed into 5 groups of 7 in each consisting 8 replicates per treatment for 42 days. Five treatments were used; control group received basal diet (without any herbal extract supplementation), the Emerald at 100 mg/kg diet and G. tournefortii L. seed extracts (GTE) at 2, 4 and 8 g/kg diet were added to basal diet. The addition of 4 and 8 g GTE to the diet resulted in significantly higher body weight compared with control group (P<0.05). Moreover, supplementing the highest level of GTE (8 g/kg diet) significantly increased intestinal lactic acid bacteria counts (P<0.05). However, no differences were observed among treatments for feed intake and feed conversion rate at the end of the study (P>0.05). In addition, serum uric acid (UA) and glucose (Glu) concentrations and aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not affected by any treatment (P>0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that different dietary levels of GTE may improve the growth performance by increasing intestinal lactic acid bacteria counts.Öğe Investigation of Precore/Core Mutation of Hepatitis B Virus with Line Probe Immune Assay Method(Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2021) Ozbek, Erdal; Temiz, Hakan; Ozcan, Nida; Ozekinci, TuncerOBJECTIVE: The expression of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is reduced or totally inhibited as a result of mutations in the precore/core region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, but its clinical significance has not been yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate precore/core mutation in serum samples of patients followed with a chronic hepatitis B infection diagnosis and whose HBeAg was found to be negative on ELISA test. STUDY DESIGN: Among the chronic hepatitis B pa-tients followed in our hospital, serum samples of 111 patients with HBeAg negative were included in the study. In the serums of the patients whose HBV DNA were found positive with real-time PCR assay were investigated ''precore, core mutations with the INNO-LiPA method. RESULTS: HBV DNA was detected as positive in 93 serum samples. In 42 of those 93 (45.2%) serums, pre- core/core mutations were detected. Isolated precore mu-tation in 12 cases (12.9%), isolated core mutation in 9 cases (9.7%), and both precore and core mutations in 21 cases (22.6%) were found. CONCLUSION: Mutant strains may play an important role in becoming chronic, hepato-carcinogenesis, and in the development of fulminant hepatitis or asymptomatic course. Until valid results are obtained revealing the otherwise, it must be kept in mind that there might be a risk factor of the nucleotide changes in the core re-gion associated with the activation of hepatitis B.Öğe Non-invasive parameters in the assessment of liver fibrosis.(Allied Acad, 2017) Dayan, Saim; Dal, Tuba; Tekin, Recep; Deveci, Ozcan; Ipek, Davut; Ozcan, Nida; Bozkurt, FatmaLiver biopsy and histopathological evaluation are the main methods to assess liver pathology. However, liver biopsy is not widely used due to implementation challenge. We aimed to investigate non-invasive parameters for evaluation of liver fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis B patients. A total of 65 patients who admitted to outpatient clinic and diagnosed as chronic hepatitis were included in this study. Liver puncture biopsy was performed for all patients and was evaluated according to the Modified Ishak Fibrosis Score. The patients without fibrosis or with mild and moderate fibrosis were evaluated as Group I (Stage O, I, II), the patients with advanced fibrosis were evaluated as Group II (stage III, IV, V, VI). Among 65 patients, 42 were male and 23 were female; 48 of the patients were in group I while 17 patients belonged to group II. Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartat Transaminaz (AST) and Alanin Aminotransferaz (ALT) levels were significantly higher in Group II patients. In the assessment of liver fibrosis, liver biopsy remains the gold standard diagnostic method but AST, ALT, GGT, ALP parameters have contribution to this evaluation. Non-invasive testing may be useful in cases which biopsy cannot be performed or repeat biopsy required.Öğe Panton-Valentine leukocidin in community and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus strains(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Ozekinci, Tuncer; Dal, Tuba; Yanik, Keramettin; Ozcan, Nida; Can, Sukran; Tekin, Alicem; Yildirim, Halil IbrahimStaphylococcus aureus causes serious hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) infections. Skin and soft-tissue infections especially are sometimes caused by strains harbouring Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL belongs to a family of bi-component leukocidal toxins produced by staphylococci. It is a pore-forming toxin encoded by lukF-PV and lukS-PV. A total of 70 S. aureus strains: 38 (54%) methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 32 (46%) methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), were isolated from patients admitted to Dicle University Hospital (Turkey). Identification of S. aureus and antibiotics-susceptibility testing were performed with PHOENIX 100. PVL genes and mecA genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 70 studied strains, 36 ones (51%) were community acquired and 34 ones (49%) were hospital acquired . A total of 38 (54%) strains were positive for mecA (mecA(+)), of which 32 ones (84%) were HA. Of the mecA(-) strains, 30 (94%) were CA. Of the 70 studied strains, 12 (17%) strains were PVL+: 8 (22%) of the 36 CA strains and 4 (12%) of the 34 HA strains. Of the 12 PVL+ strains, 4 strains were mecA(+). The PVL positivity rate was 25% in MSSA, whereas 10.5% in MRSA. Of the overall PVL+ strains, seven strains were obtained from wounds; four ones from skin abscess; and one from blood culture. Taken together, the obtained results showed a substantial level of PVL genes in the studied region. Although PVL is known as a common virulence factor of CA MRSA, HA MRSA isolates in our study showed a considerable rate of PVL positivity.Öğe Viral and Parasitic Gastroenteritis Agents and Metronidazole Treatment in Diyarbakir Children's Hospital(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2019) Bacalan, Fatma; Cakir, Fatih; Demirkaya, Safinaz; Ozcan, NidaIntroduction: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) agents vary according to the hygiene and sanitation conditions of the regions and age groups of the patients. Rotavirus is the most commonly reported agent in all ages, whereas adenovirus is usually detected in sporadic cases. Giardia lamblia is a common gastroenteritis protozoa worldwide. The incidence of giardiasis approaches 40% in regions with insufficient sanitation and hygiene conditions. Amibic colitis is a parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Metronidazole is a synthetic 5-nitroimidazole affecting anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Unnecessary usage of metronidazole, which is widely prescribed in the treatment of amebiasis and giardiasis, may lead to antibiotic resistance as well as intestinal dysbiosis. In this study, we investigated rotavirus, adenovirus, G. lamblia and E. histolytica in the stool samples and metronidazole presciption of AGE patients admitted to our hospital. Materials and Methods: The fecal samples of 8874 patients (6 months-16 years) admitted to Diyarbakir Pediatrics Hospital with the diagnosis of AGE were retrospectively analyzed. Rotavirus, adenovirus, G. lamblia and E. histolytica/dispar agents were investigated by Enzyme Immun Assay (EIA) method using RIDASCREEN (R) (R-biopharm AG, Germany) commercial kits. Fresh stool samples were also evaluated for G. lamblia and Entamoeba cyst and trophozoites by native-lugol (NL) method. Results: Among the 8874 samples, G. lamblia (1730 samples, 19.5%) was the most common agent followed by rotavirus (1083 samples, 12.2%). Adenovirus and E. histolytica/dispar were detected in 276 (3.1%) and 189 (2.2%) samples, respectively. Among the 3162 patients who were prescribed with metronidazole, G. lamblia, rotavirus, E. histolytica/dispar and adenovirus was found in 1730, 124, 194 and 35 patients, respectively. Metronidazole was prescribed in 1238 (17.8%) of the 6950 patients who were not diagnosed as giardiasis or amoebiasis by laboratory methods. Conclusion: Metronidazole prescription rate without laboratory findings of giardiasis or amoebiasis was high in our hospital. The proper use of laboratory methods in the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis and the regulation of treatment after laboratory-based diagnosis will reduce unnecessary antibiotics usage.
