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Öğe Additions to rust and chytrid pathogens of Turkey(Mycotaxon Ltd, 2015) Ozaslan, Cumali; Erdogdu, Makbule; Huseyin, Elsad; Suludere, ZekiyeUromyces bornmuelleri on Bongardia chrysogonum and Physoderma maculare on Alisma plantago-aquatica have been recently discovered in Turkey. Morphological data obtained by light and scanning electron microscopy of identified fungi are presented.Öğe Characteristics and methods to release seed dormancy of two ground cherry (Physalis) species(Elsevier, 2021) Farooq, Shahid; Onen, Huseyin; Ozaslan, Cumali; El-Shehawi, Ahmed M.; Elseehy, Mona M.Several ground cherry (Physalis) species have attracted significant interest due to their potential use in medicines. Nonetheless, these species are invasive weeds in some regions of the world, while cultivated for food and medicinal uses in the others. Physalis angulata is cultivated for its medicinal potential, whereas P. philadelphica is grown as a horticultural crop. Both species are regarded as invasive weeds in Turkey causing significant economic losses. These species are underutilized in the country and could serve as a valuable resource for agriculture and medicine industries. Therefore, we investigated the seed dormancy type, levels and methods of dormancy release for P. angulata and P. philadelphica. Seeds of different populations of both species (3 population per species) were collected from various elevation gradients in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Numerous seed dormancy-release techniques were evaluated to understand the requirements for dormancy release. Significant differences were observed in seed dormancy level among species and their populations, while viability remained similar. Seeds P. angulata had higher dormancy level (73.07-98.78 % dormancy) than P. philadelphica (7.56-33.15 % dormancy). The level of seed dormancy was increased with increasing elevation gradient in both species. There were some germination inhibiting substances, which retarded seed germination of both species. This indicated that the dormancy type in both species belongs to physiological dormancy (PD). Running tap water proved the most effective treatment in releasing seed dormancy of all tested populations. Some of the dormancy breaking techniques, especially scarification with H2SO4, even suppressed germination. The knowledge of seed dormancy could be utilized to commercialize/cultivate both species in Turkey. Nevertheless, the result could also be used for the development of management strategies against the species where these are considered as invasive weeds.Öğe Coleoptera Species Detected on Weeds in Hakkari/Yüksekova Basin(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Sirri, Mesut; Ozaslan, CumaliThe adverse effects of chemical pesticides on human and environmental health have prompted scientists to seek alternative weed control methods. This study aims to identify natural enemies (insects) feeding on weeds that are prevalent in the Hakkari/Y & uuml;ksekova Basin, which boasts rich biological diversity. The survey was conducted in 2020 and 2021. A total of 56 insect species were identified on 19 weed species belonging to 10 different families. A significant portion of these species (26 species) belonged to the Coleoptera order, specifically the Curculionidae (22 species) and Chrysomelidae (4 species) families. Among the Curculionidae family in the region, it was determined that Lixus elegantulus Boheman, 1843, L . bardanae (J.C.Fabricius, 1787), L . scolopax , Larinus onopordi (Fabricius, 1787), L . minutus Gyllenhal, 1835 and Rhabdorrhynchus anchusae Chevrolat, 1854 species could suppress the growth and seed formation of host weeds. Host testing studies are needed for the use of such potential agents in the biological control of weeds.Öğe CURRENT DISTRIBUTION MAP OF COMMON COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUMSTRUMARIUM L.) IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Ozaslan, CumaliRich floristic diversity of Turkey makes it a biodiversity hotspot in the Europe. Unfortunately, no comprehensive database exists for the current distribution maps of weeds and invasive plant species in the country. Species distribution data, particularly of invasive plants and weed species, give empirical information for their successful management. Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) is a naturalized species in Turkey, which infests several crops and significantly reduces their yield. Current study was aimed to construct the current distribution map of the species in the country. Furthermore, determining the soil properties associated with the distribution of the species was the other major aim of the study. Exploratory surveys were conducted in three regions, i.e., Black Sea. Marmara and Southeastern Anatolia during 2014 to 2017. Survey locations were specified by dividing these regions into 10 x 10 kin systematic grids and nodes of the grids were surveyed to record the presence/absence of the species. Data relating to presence/absence, geographic coordinates and species' density were recorded. Nonetheless, soil samples were collected for correlating species' presence with soil properties. A total 910 locations were surveyed and the species was recorded at 323 sites with 35.49% frequency of occurrence. The density of the species varied from 1 to 32 plants m2. The species was distributed in all surveyed regions; however, the densest stands were noted for southeastern Anatolia region. Principal component analysis revealed a weak correlation among soil properties and density of the species. The current study adds valuable information, which can be used in future studies dealing with range shifts or effects of climate change on the distribution of the species.Öğe DETERMINATION OF WEEDS IN RICE FIELDS OF SOUTH EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2015) Ozaslan, CumaliThis study was conducted in 2012 to determine the most prevalent and challenging weeds in the rice fields of Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Rice production in the region differs from the other regions as conservational tillage practices are being opted in the region in contrast to conventional tillage practices in the other regions of the country. As a result of the survey total 70 different weedy species belonging to 22 families were observed. The incidence and frequency of all the weedy species observed was calculated and families were ranked according to incidence and frequency. Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae were the most prevalent families having 12, 12 and 8 species while the rest 19 families were represented with 1-4 species. This survey gives the current prevalence of weedy species in the rice fields, and the information being presented in this article will help in devising management options for the troublesome weeds in the region.Öğe DOWNY MILDEWS SPECIES ON THE WEEDS OF LENTIL FIELDS IN DIYARBAKIR IN TURKEY(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016) Ozaslan, CumaliThe study was carried out to determine downy mildews species on the weed, which create problems on lentil fields of Diyarbakir province of Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey during 2013. As result of this study, 7 different downy mildews were detected on 7 different weed species in the lentil fields. These downy mildews species are following: Peronospora aparines (de Bary) Gaum., Peronospora arborescens (Berk.) De Bary, Peronospora lamii A. Praum., Peronospora narbonensis Gaum., Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Pers.) Constant., Peronospora sisymbrii-officinalis Gaum. and Peronospora trifoliorum de Bary were determined on the weeds Galium aparine L., Papaver macrostomum Boiss & Huet. ex Boiss, Lamium amplexicaule L., Vicia narbonensis L., Myagrum perfoliatum L., Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. ve Trifolium sp. respectively.Öğe Fatty Acid, Essential Oil and Phenolic Compositions of Alcea pallida and Alcea apterocarpa with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antimicrobial Activities(Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Science, 2016) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Gazioglu, Isil; Yesil, Yeter; Hasimi, Nesrin; Ozaslan, Cumali; Yilmaz, HasibeThis study was the first phytochemical and biological activity report on Alcea pallida and Alcea apterocarpa extracts. The main constituents of the essential oils were identified as arachidic acid (34.2%) for A. pallida, and hexatriacontane (25.3%) for A. apterocarpa. The main constituents of the fatty acids obtained from petroleum ether extracts of A. pallida and A. apterocarpa were identified as palmitic acid (31.2%) and oleic acid (25.6%), respectively. The phenolic compositions of the samples were determined using HPLC (LC-20 liquid chromatographic system). A. pallida and A. apterocarpa showed the same peaks which were ascorbic, caffeic, salicylic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids and quercetin, respectively. Salicylic acid showed the highest abundance. Among the eight extracts, the acetone extract of A. pallida possessed the best ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and moderate butyryl-cholinesterase activity at 200 mu g/mL. The A. pallida acetone extract exhibited 53.12% inhibition in DPPH free radical scavenging activity method at 100 mu g/mL concentration. The acetone extract of A. pallida showed weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate activity against Candida albicans (inhibition zone diameter 16 mm). The acetone extract of A. apterocarpa showed moderate activity against C. albicans (inhibition zone diameter 14 mm) and S. aureus (inhibition zone diameter 13 mm); weak activity against E. coli., S0 pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa.Öğe Germination Biology of Two Invasive Physalis Species and Implications for Their Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions(Nature Portfolio, 2017) Ozaslan, Cumali; Farooq, Shahid; Onen, Huseyin; Ozcan, Selcuk; Bukun, Bekir; Gunal, HikmetTwo Solanaceae invasive plant species (Physalis angulata L. and P. philadelphica Lam. var. immaculata Waterfall) infest several arable crops and natural habitats in Southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. However, almost no information is available regarding germination biology of both species. We performed several experiments to infer the effects of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of different populations of both species collected from various locations with different elevations and habitat characteristics. Seed dormancy level of all populations was decreased with increasing age of the seeds. Seed dormancy of freshly harvested and aged seeds of all populations was effectively released by running tap water. Germination was slightly affected by photoperiods, which suggests that seeds are slightly photoblastic. All seeds germinated under wide range of temperature (15-40 degrees C), pH (4-10), osmotic potential (0 to -1.2 MPa) and salinity (0-400 mM sodium chloride) levels. The germination ability of both plant species under wide range of environmental conditions suggests further invasion potential towards non-infested areas in the country. Increasing seed burial depth significantly reduced the seedling emergence, and seeds buried below 4 cm of soil surface were unable to emerge. In arable lands, soil inversion to maximum depth of emergence (i.e., 6 cm) followed by conservational tillage could be utilized as a viable management option.Öğe Higher Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Soil Types May Accelerate Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Invasion(Cambridge Univ Press, 2017) Onen, Huseyin; Farooq, Shahid; Gunal, Hikmet; Ozaslan, Cumali; Erdem, HalilCommon ragweed is a troublesome allergenic invader and noxious weed of several crops. Despite extensive research to understand the factors affecting its invasion, the role of environmental stresses and soil types on survival and growth is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought, salinity, and soil types on survival, growth, and nutrient uptake of ragweed in greenhouse experiments to predict its invasiveness in Turkey. Three separate experiments, with five drought intensities (100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% of field capacity [FC]), four levels of salinity (0, 3, 6, and 12 dS m(-1)), and five soil types varying in sand, silt, and clay content were performed. Severe drought and salinity levels reduced seedling survival, while soil type had no effect. Increasing drought and salinity negatively affected growth and nutrient uptake; the poorest growth was observed under severe drought intensity. Ragweed exhibited intensive tolerance to drought, even severe levels, while it tolerated salinity up to 6 dS m(-1) for seedling survival. Growth was negatively affected above 3 dS m(-1). The highest and lowest nutrient accumulations were recorded under moderate and extreme drought intensities, respectively. Similarly, the highest Na accumulation was observed under extreme saline conditions, whereas the highest P uptake and K/Na ratio were achieved under nonsaline conditions (0 dS m(-1)). Variation of soil texture had no effect on growth and nutrient uptake. The highest Ca, Mg, and Na accumulations were recorded on clay soil, while higher P accrued on sandyloam soil. Increased tolerance of ragweed to severe drought and moderate salinity and its nonselective nature for soil type indicate that semiarid and partially arid regions in Turkey have plenty of vacant niches for ragweed invasion.Öğe Impact of climate change on habitat suitability of an endemic herbivore [Hydrothassa anatolica (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)] in Türkiye(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2024) Sirri, Mesut; Bal, Neslihan; Farooq, Shahid; Ozaslan, CumaliThe rich floristic and faunistic diversity of T & uuml;rkiye hosts numerous endemic species, particularly in the southeastern region. Climate change could exert negative impacts on the distribution of endemic species and cause their extinction. Hydrothassa anatolica S,ahin & & Ouml;zdikmen, 2019 (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) is an endemic species distributed in the Hakkari province of T & uuml;rkiye. This study assessed the impacts of climate change on the habitat suitability of H. anatolica using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The occurrence records of the species were collected through surveys in Y & uuml;ksekova district of Hakkari province during 2022 and 2023 and used in the modeling exercise. Habitat suitability of H. anatolica was predicted for 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080 and 2081-2100 under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), i.e., SSP1-2.6 (low greenhouse gas emissions scenario) and SSP5-8.5 (very high greenhouse gas emissions scenario). A total 12 occurrence records and 9 bioclimatic variables were used to predict the habitat suitability under current and future climatic conditions. The results indicated that bio 6 (minimum temperature of the coldest month) bio18 (precipitation of warmest quarter) will mediate the distribution of H . anatolica under current and future climatic conditions. The areas with wet summers and cold winters were predicted highly suitable for H . anatolica. . The model predicted that the species will expand its distribution range in the future under both climate change scenarios.Öğe The Influence of Environmental Factors on Germination of Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) Seeds: Implications for Range Expansion and Management(Cambridge Univ Press, 2018) Onen, Huseyin; Farooq, Shahid; Tad, Sonnur; Ozaslan, Cumali; Gunal, Hikmet; Chauhan, Bhagirath S.Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus L.) is a highly invasive vine that has become naturalized in the humid Black Sea region of Turkey, but previous to this study there was no information on the germination biology of this weed. The germination biology of three naturalized populations of S. angulatus from the Black Sea region was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The germination of nondormant seeds was observed under different photoperiods, constant temperatures, and varying levels of pH, salinity, and osmotic potential. Furthermore, seedling emergence from various soil depths was investigated. The seeds of all populations proved nonphotoblastic (82% to 90%, 55% to 66%, and 48% to 56% germination under 12-, 24-, and 0-h photoperiod, respectively) and germinated over a wide range of temperatures (5 to 40 C). Seedlings emerged from all seed burial depths (0 to 15 cm); however, germination was drastically reduced (>90% reduction) beyond 6 to 8 cm. Seed germination was 30% to 38% for seeds placed on the surface and increased to 78% to 88% for seeds buried 2 cm deep, while germination was severely reduced for seeds buried 10 and 15 cm deep (8 to 12% and 0 to 6%, respectively). Seeds of all populations were found to be sensitive to osmotic and salinity stress and to highly acidic and alkaline pH levels. All populations had similar requirements for germination that are directly related to their area of naturalization. These results indicate that the species has limited potential for range expansion to arid, semiarid (nonirrigated), and relatively saline areas. However, humid, salinity-free, and frequently irrigated areas of the country are at high risk of invasion. In arable lands, deep tillage followed by shallow tillage and effective management of emerging seedlings could deplete the soil seedbank in the long run. However, there is an urgent need for effective strategies to manage the species in other nonarable areas.Öğe Invasion Potential of Two Tropical Physalis Species in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates: Effect of Water-Salinity Stress and Soil Types on Growth and Fecundity(Public Library Science, 2016) Ozaslan, Cumali; Farooq, Shahid; Onen, Huseyin; Bukun, Bekir; Ozcan, Selcuk; Gunal, HikmetInvasive plants are recognized for their impressive abilities to withstand adverse environmental conditions however, all invaders do not express the similar abilities. Therefore, survival, growth, nutrient uptake and fecundity of two co-occurring, invasive Physalis species were tested under water and salinity stresses, and different soil textures in the current study. Five different water stress levels (100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% pot water contents), four different soil salinity levels (0, 3, 6, and 12 dSm(-1)) and four different soil textures (67% clay, 50% clay, silt clay loam and sandy loam) were included in three different pot experiments. Both weeds survived under all levels of water stress except 12.5% water contents and on all soil types however, behaved differently under increasing salinity. The weeds responded similarly to salinity up till 3 dSm(-1) whereas, P. philadelphica survived for longer time than P. angulata under remaining salinity regimes. Water and salinity stress hampered the growth and fecundity of both weeds while, soil textures had slight effect. Both weeds preferred clay textured soils for better growth and nutrient uptake however, interactive effect of weeds and soil textures was non-significant. P. angulata accumulated higher K and Na while P. philadelphica accrued more Ca and Mg as well as maintained better K/Na ratio. P. angulata accumulated more Na and P under salinity stress while, P. philadelphica accrued higher K and Mg, and maintained higher K/Na ratio. Collectively, highest nutrient accumulation was observed under stress free conditions and on clay textured soils. P. philadelphica exhibited higher reproductive output under all experimental conditions than P. angulata. It is predicted that P. philadelphica will be more problematic under optimal water supply and high salinity while P. angulata can better adapt water limited environments. The results indicate that both weeds have considerable potential to further expand their ranges in semi-arid regions of Turkey.Öğe Natural enemies feeding on some Centaurea species in the Yuksekova basin(Elsevier, 2022) Sirri, Mesut; Ozaslan, Cumali; Sert, Osman; Alfarraj, SalehBackground: Excessive and unconscious use of pesticides in agricultural areas negatively affects ecosystem services and biodiversity and threatens human and environmental health. Therefore, natural enemies (biological control agents) that could be utilized to suppress the infestation of diseases, pests and weeds have attracted the attention of scientists globally. There are limited studies on the occurrence of natural enemies on Centaurea species in the Yuksekova basin, Turkey. The Yuksekova basin has a rich floristic diversity; however, remained unexplored and underutilized. Limited use of pesticides, and the presence of natural enemies feeding on weeds in the region have recently attracted the attention of researchers for searching biological control agents. Asteraceae is the dominant family in the region with the highest diversity, causing significant yield losses in agricultural area of the basin. Methods: Therefore, preliminary studies were conducted to determine the natural enemies feeding on the genus Centaurea. The region was divided into 10 x 10 cm systematic grids and occurrence of Centaurea species, and their natural enemies were recorded. Results: The survey identified 10 species belonging to Centaurea genus in the study area. Different insect species, i.e., Lixus pulverulentus Scopoli, Larinus grisescens Gyllenhal and Bangasternus orientalis Capiomont belonging to Curculionidae (Coleoptera) family were observed to feed and spend biological periods on Centaurea behen L., Centaurea pterocaula Trautv. and Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng species. Conclusions: It is estimated that the natural enemies recorded on Centaurea species could be potentially used in biological control of the species on which they were recorded in the current study. However, detailed studies on host specificity and efficacy of the identified insect species are needed. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Öğe A new host [Centaurea stapfiana (Hand.-Mazz.) Wagenitz (Asteraceae)] record for the moth Metzneria subflavella Englert (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Ozaslan, Cumali; Bolu, Halil; Akin, KesranThe present study was carried out in vineyard fields of Diyarbakir province, Turkey, in 2014 on Centaurea stapfiana (Hand.- Mazz.) Wagenitz (Asteraceae) infested with the larvae of moth Metzneria subflavella Englert (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Metzneria subflavella were obtained from C. stapfiana flower buds collected in vineyard fields. C. stopfiana is a new host record for M. subflavella. In addition, this is the first record of M. subflavella from insect fauna of Turkey.Öğe A New Host Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Record for Drino atropivora (Robineau-Desvoidy 1830): (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Turkey(Gazi Entomological Research Soc, 2015) Bolu, Halil; Kara, Kenan; Zirek, Davut; Ozaslan, CumaliThe present study was carried out in Diyarbakir province between 2010-2013 on Solanaceae species (Physalis angulata L. and Solanum melongena L.) infested with the larvae hawk moth Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Tachinid parasitoid, Drino atropivora (Robineau-Desvoidy 1830): (Diptera: Tachinidae), were obtained from Acherontia atropos larvae collected from Solanaceae species in Diyarbakir. Acherontia atropos is a new host record for Drino atropivora from Turkey.Öğe A NEW HOST Lasioptera eryngii (VALLOT, 1829) ( DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) RECORD FOR Pseudotorymus sapphyrinus (HYMENOPTERA: TORYMIDAE) FROM TURKEY(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2015) Ozaslan, Cumali; Bolu, Halil; Skuhrava, MarcelaThis study was conducted in 2012 to determine the gall midges associated with field eryngo (Eryngium campestre L.), an important weed in cereal and leguminous fields in the Sanliurfa province (Turkey). Infected common eryngo samples were collected from cereal and legume growing areas and were taken to the laboratory to culture. Lasioptera eryngii adults were obtained from the cultured common eryngo samples. This is the first record of L. eryngii for anliurfa province and the second record for Turkey. As a result of our study it was determined that L. eryngii suppressed the development and distribution of E. campestre, an important weed of the crops. It inhibits the growth and development of generative parts of this host plant and prevents its spread to the surroundings areas. This fact is of great importance regarding the biological control of the weed. Pseudotorymus sapphyrinus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) was reared from galls of L. eryngii on E. campestre. It is a new host of this parasitoid and the second record of occurrence of P. sapphyrinus from Turkey.Öğe A NEW HOST Myagrum perfoliatum L. RECORD FOR Melanobaris dalmatina (H. BRISOUT, 1870) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FROM TURKEY(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2015) Ozaslan, Cumali; Bolu, HalilThis study was conducted to determine the natural enemies associated with Bird's-eye cress (Myagrum perfoliatum L.), an important weed in wheat and lentil fields in the Diyarbakir Province (Turkey) in 2012. Infected bird's-eye cress samples were collected from wheat and lentil growing areas and were taken to the laboratory to culture. Melanobaris dalmatina adults were obtained from the cultured bird's-eye cress samples. This is the first record of M. dalmatina for Diyarbakir province and the second record for Turkey. Though few weeds have been reported as a host of M. dalmatina, this is the first record of M. perfoliatum as a host of the M. dalmatina in the world.Öğe A New Host Plant, Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Rafin. (Euphorbiaceae), for Phycita diaphana (Staudinger, 1870) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Turkey(Gazi Entomological Research Soc, 2016) Ozaslan, Cumali; Akin, Kesran; Bolu, Halil; Ozdemir, MustafaThe study was carried out to determine the associated insect species feeding on Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Rafin. (Euphorbiaceae), growing in cornfield, vegetables and cotton fields of Diyarbakir and Adiyaman provinces in 2014. As a result of this study, Phycita diaphana (Staudinger, 1870) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) adults were reared from both provinces. P diaphana is recorded firstly in Diyarbakir and Adiyaman provinces. In addition, C. tinctoria is a new host of P diaphana in the world.Öğe Range expansion potential of two co-occurring invasive vines to marginal habitats in Turkey(Elsevier, 2017) Farooq, Shahid; Tad, Sonnur; Onen, Huseyin; Gunal, Hikmet; Caldiran, Ugur; Ozaslan, CumaliNiche distribution models accurately predict the potential distribution range of invasive plants into new habitats based on their climatic requirements in the native regions. However, these models usually ignore the marginal habitats which can limit the distribution of exotic plants. We therefore tested the seedling survival, growth and nutrient acquisition capabilities of two co-occurring invasive vines [Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross and Sicyos angulatus L.] in three different manipulative greenhouse experiments to infer their range expansion potential to marginal habitats in Turkey. First experiment included five different moisture availability regimes (100, 75, 50, 25 and 12.5% available water), second experiment consisted of four different salinity levels (0, 3, 6 and 12 dSm(-1) soil salinity) and third experiment had four different soil textures (clay-1, clay-2, sandy loam and silt-clay-loam). Seedling mortality was only observed under extreme moisture deficiency in both plant species, while most of the transplanted seedlings of both species did not survive under 6 and 12 dSm(-1) salinity levels. Soil textures had no effect on seedling survival. POLPE better tolerated low moisture availability and high salinity Compared to SIYAN. Biomass production in both plant species was linearly reduced with increasing salinity and moisture deficiency. SIYAN invested more resources towards shoot, accumulated higher K and P, whereas POLPE maintained higher root-to-shoot ratio under all experimental conditions. Both plant species employed different strategies to cope with adverse environmental conditions, but failed to persist under high soil salinity and moisture deficiency. Our study suggest that both plant species have limited potential of range expansion to marginal habitats and will be limited to moist and humid areas only. Therefore, further research activities should be concentrated in these regions to develop effective management strategies against both species. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe What we still don't know about weed diversity: A scoping review(Wiley, 2024) Westbrook, Anna S.; Wilcox, Natalie Rose K.; Stup, Rebecca S.; Xu, Sky; Djuric, Natasha; Coffey, Ryleigh E.; Ozaslan, CumaliIncreased agricultural weed diversity is associated with reduced dominance of competitive weeds that reduce crop yields. In addition, diverse weed communities can promote biodiversity at other trophic levels and enhance ecosystem services. For both reasons, there is increasing interest in the relationship between agricultural management and weed diversity. Existing information in this area is limited, relative to the large number of influential factors, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. We conducted a scoping review to determine when, where, and how weed diversity has been evaluated in relation to management. From an initial set of 10 236 items retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus, 7198 were screened and 331 were included. The median publication year was 2015. Nearly half of all studies were conducted in Europe (n = 161, 49%). Organic cropping systems were included in 48 studies (15%). Tillage was the most common management factor (n = 111, 34%), followed by crop rotation (n = 73, 22%). There were 135 studies in which management factors were implemented for six or more years (41%). Most studies included measurements of species richness (n = 265, 80%) and/or Shannon-Wiener diversity (n = 145, 44%). Overall, this review identified a small and heterogenous-but quickly growing-body of literature on weed diversity. Priority areas for future research should include weed diversity beyond field crops in temperate environments, weed seedbanks, functional diversity, and best practices for measuring weed diversity.
