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    Direct Comparison of Low Velocity Impact Performance of Nanoclay, Boric Acid and Interlayer Hybrid Composites
    (Wiley, 2024) Orcen, Gurbet; Unal, Hasan Yavuz; Pekbey, Yeliz
    In this study, the low velocity impact effect of glass fiber-reinforced laminated composites reinforced with nanoclay and boric acid was investigated. Nanoclay, boric acid, and interlayer hybrid composites were produced at 0 (pure), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt% with respect to epoxy resin. Laminated composites were obtained by the hand lay-up method. Impact tests were applied to the specimens by releasing the weight. Tests were carried out with impact energies of 30, 40, 50, and 60 J to evaluate the behavior of composites under loading result in rebounding. Nano reinforcement generally increases the maximum reaction force while decreasing the impact duration, maximum displacement, and absorbed energy. As a result of all the tests performed, the reaction force increased up to 53% compared to the pure specimen, while the absorbed energy, impact duration, and maximum displacement values decreased up to 21%, 36%, and 12%, respectively. The results of the hybrid specimens in the interlayer sequence provided more changes compared to the mono-reinforced specimens (i.e., nanoclay or boric acid). The hybrid specimen with a reinforcement ratio of 1.5 wt% impact face boric acid exhibited the greatest enhancement in impact resistance among all the tested specimens. The reaction force, which is an indicator of resistance, increased by 44%, 35%, 51% and 34% from energy level 30 to 60 J, respectively. Furthermore, the specimen exhibited the lowest values for absorbed energy, maximum displacement and impact duration.
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    Failure analysis of adhesive-patch-repaired edge-notched composite plates
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Turan, Kadir; Orcen, Gurbet
    In this study, failure behaviors of edge-notched composite plates which were repaired with using patch and adhesive were investigated experimentally and numerically. The composite plates had a (0 degrees/90 degrees)(3) anti-symmetric stacking sequence; the patches were obtained from the same plates and were bonded using an epoxy-based adhesive. The effects of the geometry of the notch were investigated using U-, V-, and square-shaped notches. We varied the notch geometry, investigated single-lap and double-lap repairs, and varied the patch fiber-stacking sequence. Simulations were carried out to analyze the three-dimensional failure progression using ANSYS. The failure loads of the repaired plates increased by 170-304% for single-lap repairs and 240-476% for double-lap repairs compared with the notched plates. The simulated and measured failure loads were in agreement within 0.2-23.6%.
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    Failure behavior of single-strap lap (SSL) and double-strap lap (DSL) composites-with adhesive joints and different fiber reinforcement angles under hydrothermal conditions
    (Springer, 2023) Orcen, Gurbet; Koyun, Engin
    The behavior of single-strap lap (SSL) and double-strap lap (DSL) composites-with adhesive joints and different fiber reinforcement angles were experimentally studied under hydrothermal environment. Glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite plates with fiber reinforcement angles of [0 degrees]8 and [45 degrees/ -45 degrees/0 degrees/90 degrees]s were used with different patches. Three different constant water temperatures and three different time periods were used to determine the failure behavior of composites. In addition, failure loads, moisture absorption rates and failure modes were obtained from experimental data. The effects of absorption rates on failure morphology were also observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. From experimental results, failure loads of specimens were found higher in SSL and DSL joints with plate-patch fiber orientation of [0 degrees]8 and in a dry state compared to those of SSL and DSL joints with plate-patch fiber orientation of [45 degrees/ -45 degrees/0 degrees/90 degrees]s. While a combined failure mode was generally observed in the specimens of both SSL and DSL joints, stock-break failure mode was also detected in the specimens of DSL joints. In all groups, it was determined that the highest moisture absorption rate and the lowest failure load values were obtained from those specimens kept in hot water at 80 degrees C for 45 days. [Graphics] .
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    Modeling and comparison of failure load with FEM and ANNs
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2016) Orcen, Gurbet; Bingol, Sedat; Gur, Mustafa
    In this study, failure analysis was researched in woven glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composite plates jointed with two parallel pins under the effect of seawater. The effects of immersion time in seawater and changes in joint geometry on first failure loads were experimentally examined. In addition to this, the experimental results were compared with the results of the finite element analysis and artificial neural network modeling. The specimens were immersed in seawater for periods of 0, 3, and 6 months to observe the effects of seawater. For joint geometry, the parameters of the edge distance-to-upper hole diameter (E/D), the two hole-to-hole center diameter (K/D), the distance from the upper or the lower edge of the specimen to the center of the hole-to-hole diameter (M/D), and the width of the specimen-to-hole diameter (W/D) ratios were selected. In the numerical analysis, the finite elements models of the specimens were realized with the ANSYS 11.0 finite elements modeling and the Tsai-Wu failure criteria were used to predict the first failure loads. The comparison made in this study, results of the experimental, the finite element analysis, and artificial neural network modeling were compared and were found to be in good agreement for the first failure load.
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    THE PLASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS AT THE LAMINATED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE PLATES WITH ELLIPTIC HOLE
    (Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2009) Orcen, Gurbet; Gur, Mustafa; Solmaz, M. Yavuz
    In this paper, it is carried out the spread of plastic zones and the stress analysis at the composite plates with laminated thermoplastic ( Polyvinyl Chloride) subsisting an elliptic hole in the middle part. The composite plates with steel fiber reinforcement of woven-shaped consist of four orthotropic layers bonded symmetrically in the form of [theta(0)/theta(0)](2). The plates are subjected to uniformly distributed vertical loads. Loading is realized by iterations number of 25, 50, 75 and 100 by increments 0.0001 MPa by starting from the yielding point of plate for the chosen each reinforcement angle. According to the load steps and the different reinforcement angles, the values of the plastic stresses occurring in the composite plates are obtained by Finite Element Method. The obtained results present that the plastic zones in the plate appear in the lower and upper surfaces but not in the intermediate surfaces. It is also observed that the stress components at the intermediate layers are less than that of the lower and upper surfaces and the plastic stress components increase depending on the iteration number.
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    Progressive failure analysis on two parallel pinned joint glass/epoxy composite plates under the effect of seawater
    (SAGE Publications, 2014) Orcen, Gurbet; Gur, Mustafa; Turan, Kadir
    This study investigates failure behaviors of woven glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composite plates with two parallel pins jointed and under the effect of seawater. The effects of joint geometry and immersion time in seawater were analyzed by experimental and numerical methods. In order to observe the effects of seawater, the samples were kept in seawater for periods of zero, three, and six months. For the observation of the joint geometry effect on the failure behaviour, the edge distance-to-upper hole diameter (E/D), the two hole-to-hole centre diameter (K/D), the distance from the upper or the lower edge of the specimen to the center of the hole-to-hole diameter (M/D), and the width of the specimen-to-hole diameter (W/D) ratios were selected as geometrical parameters. The numerical study where the progressive failure analysis was employed was carried out through a sub-program running in ANSYS 11.0 finite elements program. In order to predict the failure loads and failure types in the numerical analysis, the Tsai-Wu failure criterion was used along with material degradation rules. At the end of the study, it was determined that increase of the immersion time in seawater caused weaker mechanical properties and decrease in failure loads of samples. It was also found that the results of progressive failure analysis were consistent with the experimental results.
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    Seawater effect on pin-loaded laminated composites with two parallel holes
    (Korean Soc Mechanical Engineers, 2012) Orcen, Gurbet; Gur, Mustafa; Ozen, Mustafa
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seawater on the failure mode, first failure load and bearing strength behaviour of the pinned joint of fibreglass-reinforced woven epoxy composite prepregs. The specimens were kept in seawater for 3- and 6-month periods. After each period, their mechanical properties were examined. The edge distance-to-upper hole diameter (E/D), the two hole-tohole centre diameter (K/D), the distance from the upper or the lower edge of the specimen to the centre of the hole-to-hole diameter (M/D), and the width of the specimen-to-hole diameter (W/D) ratios were selected as parameters. Moreover, the finite element models of the specimens were developed using ANSYS software, and the Tsai-Wu criterion was used to obtain the first failure load. The numerical and experimental results were compared and were found to be in good agreement for the first failure load.