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Öğe 24 January 2020 Sivrice-Elazig, Turkey earthquake: geotechnical evaluation and performance of structures(Springer, 2021) Sayin, Erkut; Yon, Burak; Onat, Onur; Gor, Mesut; Oncu, Mehmet Emin; Tugrul Tunc, Esra; Bakir, DursunThe January 24, 2020 Sivrice-Elazig (Mw = 6.8) earthquake occurred on the East Anatolian Fault zone. Main shock of this earthquake was occurred 20:55 at local time. The Peak Ground Acceleration was equal to 0.3 g at the epicenter (Sivrice district) of the earthquake. Even though the main shock was moderate, its effects on the structures were rather serious. The main shock caused significant damage and resulted in 41 casualties. 1540 buildings were damaged moderately, while 8519 buildings were damaged heavily and collapsed. This main shock effected four cities surrounded the epicenter due to its shallow earthquakes. The purpose of this paper is to summarize past and present seismic characteristics of the earthquake region. In addition, the aim of this paper is to summarize the seismotectonic of the region, the general characteristics of the earthquake and more specifically to report on the structural damage, and structural damage caused by the earthquake, observed during the site investigation. The damages were classified for reinforced concrete structures, masonry dwellings and non-residential structures. All distinguished earthquake induced failures and damages were discussed. Moreover, lessons learned were presented in this study.Öğe Earthquake Damage to Nonstructural Elements of Reinforced Concrete Buildings during 2011 Van Seismic Sequence(Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2019) Yon, Burak; Onat, Onur; Oncu, Mehmet EminInfill and partition walls as nonstructural elements are generally constructed with hollow brick masonry and briquette as single or multilayered vertical walls. The seismic responses of infill walls and reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings have been investigated with field observations after earthquakes all over the world. This study focuses on the reasons infill and partition walls failed as a result of the October 23, 2011 (Mw=7.2), and November 9, 2011 (Mw=5.7), Van earthquakes in Turkey. In this paper, in-plane, out-of-plane, and combined failure mechanisms of single and multilayered infill walls enclosed within reinforced concrete structures were investigated, and construction rules were suggested. To limit the failure of nonstructural elements enclosed within an RC frame, design and construction requirements should be included in the seismic code by adopting suitable solutions for both in-plane and out-of-plane behavior. This paper will be a reference for future studies that investigate infill wall damage. (c) 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.Öğe Failures of masonry dwelling triggered by East Anatolian Fault earthquakes in Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Yon, Burak; Onat, Onur; Oncu, Mehmet Emin; Karasin, AbdulhalimTurkey is located on active fault zones such as the East Anatolian Fault (EAF), the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and the Anatolian-Aegean Subduction Zone (AASZ). Ground seismicity activities of the NAF zone are relatively active compared with other faults. Eleven high-intensity earthquakes have been produced on this fault zone since 1939. Whereas the EAF zone was relatively quiescent in the last century, on the basis of historical records, destructive seismic activities occurred on the EAF zone in the last two decades. In this study, the rupture reason of faults, updated active fault data, and seismic maps are presented briefly. Moreover, failure reasons and failure mechanism of conventional masonry structures damaged from seismic ground motions on the EAF zone are evaluated in detail. Possible solutions are suggested on the basis of seismic codes. For this purpose, EAF-sourced earthquakes, i.e. 2003 Bingo', 2010 Kovancilar (Elazig), 2011 Maden (Elazig), 2011 Tabanli (Van) and Edremit (Van) hit in last two decades on this fault are investigated. Failures of conventional masonry buildings triggered from these earthquakes are assessed. Statistical evaluation, damage of earthquakes and failure pattern are deeply investigated and revealed. Eventually, one of the most significant reasons of severe damage or collapse to masonry structures due to this seismicity is the inability to construct the structures according to the requirements of seismic codes.Öğe Field reconnaissance and structural assessment of the October 30, 2020, Samos, Aegean Sea earthquake: an example of severe damage due to the basin effect(Springer, 2022) Onat, Onur; Yön, Burak; Öncü, Mehmet Emin; Varolgüneş, Sadık; Karaşin, Abdulhalim; Cemalgil, SelimAn earthquake with a magnitude ranging from Mw = 6.9 (KOERI) to Mw = 7.0 (USGS) struck Samos Island in the Aegean Sea on October 30, 2020, with an epicentre 70 kms from the Izmir city centre in Turkey. The earthquake took place at 14:51 local time (11:51 UTC). The peak ground acceleration (PGA) of this earthquake was recorded to be 0.179 g at the epicentre of the earthquake. This earthquake occurred at a depth of 17.26 km (AFAD (2020) Izmir Earthquake Report, (In Turkish)) and lasted 16 s. The main shock from the earthquake triggered a tsunami that hit the building stocks built near the coast. During the gradual deregulation of COVID-19 pandemic regulations, various events caused considerable damage to the building stock, particularly in the Izmir Seferihisar and Bayrakli regions and resulted in a massive disruption of daily habits. The main shock caused 117 deaths in both Turkey and Greece, and 1632 people were also injured in Turkey. Moreover, several injuries occurred in Greece. A total of 103 buildings collapsed, 700 were severely damaged, 814 buildings were moderately damaged, and 7889 were slightly damaged. The basic aim of this paper is to briefly present the past and present seismotectonic characteristics of the region, present building stock, and former structural conditions before the earthquake, assess structural performance and classify distinguished earthquake-induced failures and damage due to the basin effect.Öğe Seismic Resistance and Performance Evaluation of Masonry Dwellings After the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence in Türkiye(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2024) Onat, Onur; Yon, Burak; Uslu, Ali; Oncu, Mehmet Emin; Varolgunes, Sadik; Karasin, Ibrahim Baran; Gor, MesutOn February 6, 2023, two catastrophic earthquakes occurred on the East Anatolian Fault. The earthquakes had magnitudes of Mw = 7.7 and 7.6 and struck Kahramanmara & scedil;-Pazarc & imath;k and Kahramanmara & scedil;-Elbistan, respectively. The Kahramanmara & scedil;-Pazarc & imath;k earthquake was triggered at 04:17 local time on the Dead Sea Fault (a branch of the East Anatolian Fault). The last earthquake on the addressed fault occurred about 500 years ago. The recorded peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the Pazarc & imath;k station reached 2.05g. In addition, the Pazarc & imath;k earthquake triggered two independent earthquakes, the Nurda & gbreve;& imath; and Islahiye earthquakes, which occurred 10 min later than the Pazarc & imath;k earthquake. However, the last earthquake, with its epicenter in Kahramanmara & scedil;-Elbistan, struck at 13:24 local time. The recorded PGA for the Elbistan earthquake is 0.68g. This study aims to present the fault rupture mechanism of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquakes, earthquake characteristics, and to evaluate the performance of masonry dwellings during the Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquake doublet, which affected 10 provinces and numerous towns and villages. This paper also aims to illustrate the damage and failure mechanisms of the masonry dwellings, despite unexpectedly high accelerations that exceeded the design spectrum in the field, specifically in Kahramanmara & scedil;, Gaziantep, Hatay, and Malatya, according to the current earthquake code in use.Öğe Seismicity of East Anatolian of Turkey and failures of infill walls induced by major earthquakes(World Scientific Publication, 2021) Doğangün, Adem; Yön, Burak; Onat, Onur; Öncü, Mehmet Emin; Sağıroğlu, SerkanThere are three major fault zones in Turkey scattered around the country known as East Anatolian Fault (EAF), North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and Anatolian-Aegean Subduction Zone (AASZ). Last two decades, EAF has been rather quiescent compared with NAF. However, this quiescence was broken in the beginning of the millennium. The strong shaking was started in 2003 with Bingol earthquake (Mw = 6.3) and the last earthquake on the EAF is the Sivrice-Elazig (Mw = 6.8) on January 24, 2020. Strong seismicity of these faults damaged the structures severely and caused death of the habitants. This study aims to present, seismotectonic of the region, general characteristics of the earthquakes and more specifically to report structural damage of infill walls of the structure's damages caused by these earthquakes. Damage evaluation and identification of the observed infill wall damages due to 2003 Bingol, 2011 Van earthquakes and January 24, 2020 Sivrice-Elazig earthquake occurred Turkey's Eastern region, were presented, and possible solutions were suggested. Moreover, the effects of the infill walls on the behavior of structures under static and dynamic load cases are discussed that experienced in these earthquakes. Damages are classified according to formations such as in-plane or out-of-plane, evaluations and the results obtained from the discussions are presented for each category
