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    Evaluation, characterization, and engine performance of complementary fuel blends of butanol-biodiesel-diesel fromAleurites moluccanusas potential alternative fuels for CI engines
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Atabani, A. E.; Mekaoussi, M.; Uguz, Gediz; Arpa, Orhan; Ayanoglu, Abdulkadir; Shobana, Sutha
    Biodiesel has gained worldwide attention due to its renewable aspects. However, it needs more quality improvement. Recently, butanol has been considered as a favorable alternative fuel or additive over methanol and ethanol in compression ignition (CI) engines. In this regard, the present work deals with the evaluation of butanol-diesel-biodiesel blends as potential alternative fuels. In this work, biodiesel has been produced fromAleurites moluccanusoil followed by blending with Euro-diesel and butanol. Important characteristics such as kinematic viscosity, density and cloud point besides FT-IR, UV-vis spectra, TGA, DSC and NMR (C-13 and(1)H) were analyzed. Some important engine and emission performance parameters, such as BP, BSFC, CO, HC, NO(x)and EGT were also studied in this work. Results revealed that blending butanol and Euro-diesel with biodiesel improves the properties of pure biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity (2.41-3.55 mm(2)/s) and density (841.8-884.6 kg/m(3)), while maintaining an acceptable range for cold flow properties that are analogous to Euro-diesel. In addition, reduction in BP (24.65-26.35%), HC (52.57-38.71%), and CO (39.18-30.4%) was observed for all the blends at full load compared to Euro-diesel. However, increases in both BSFC (38.17-41.14%) and NOx(24.18-8.35%) were observed. Overall, the blends appear to be good alternatives to biodiesel-diesel blends. Thus, butanol-biodiesel-diesel blends can be considered as potential sustainable fuels for fossil diesel.