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    Effect of melatonin on epididymal sperm quality after testicular ischemia/reperfusion in rats
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2010) Kurcer, Zehra; Hekimoglu, Askin; Aral, Faruk; Baba, Fusun; Sahna, Engin
    Objective: To determine the effect of melatonin, a pineal secretory product that prevents testicular ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury through its antioxidative properties, on epididymal sperm quality in a rat testicular IR injury model. Design: Experimental study. Setting: University pharmacology laboratory. Animal(s): Fifty-six 8-week-old male Wistar albino rats. Intervention(s): Left testicular artery and vein occluded for I hour; before the bilateral orchiectomy, the organ was allowed to reperfuse 30 days. Melatonin (10 mg/kg IP) or vehicle (1% ethanol in saline) was administrated for 10 minutes before reperfusion and for 1 hour after reperfusion. Main Outcome Measure(s): After 24 hours of reperfusion, the rats were decapitated, and the testicular tissue samples were obtained for histologic examination. In addition, after 30 days of reperfusion, the epididymal sperm concentration, motility, and abnormal sperm rates were determined in the sperm collected from the epididymis. Result(s): A statistically significant decrease in sperm concentration resulted from IR as well as an increase in sperm abnormalities, but the sperm motility did not change. Melatonin treatment did not prevent the IR-induced reduction in sperm concentration. However, melatonin treatment statistically significantly decreased the sperm abnormalities when compared with the IR injured samples. Conclusion(s): Melatonin may improve sperm morphology for a protective effect in IR-induced testicular injury. (Fertil Steril (R) 2010;93:1545-9. (C)2010 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
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    Effects of 3-aminobenzamide on unilateral testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury: What is the role of PARP inhibition?
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2010) Hekimoglu, Askin; Kurcer, Zehra; Aral, Faruk; Baba, Fusun; Atessahin, Ahmet; Sakin, Fatih
    On a examine les effets therapeutiques de l'inhibition de la poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase par le 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) dans une lesion d'ischemie-reperfusion (I/R) des testicules en utilisant une analyse de sperme. On a effectue des examens histopathologiques et biochimiques pour mesurer les activites de la superoxyde dismutase (SOD), de la catalase (CAT), de la glutathion peroxydase (GSH-Px), et les taux de glutathion (GSH) reduit. On a divise des rats males en 3 groupes : ayant subi une operation factice (sham) (n = 12), I/R (n = 12) et I/R avec 3AB (I/R-3-AB) (n = 12). On a occlus l'artere testiculaire gauche pendant 1 h, puis on l'a soumis a une reperfusion pendant 24 h (pour les examens biochimiques et histopathologiques) et 30 jours (pour l'analyse de sperme). L'administration de 3-AB par voie intraperitoneale 10 min avant et 1 h apres la reperfusion a augmente la diminution induite par l'I/R de la motilite du sperme dans les 2 testicules, et elle a diminue l'augmentation anormale des taux de sperme dans le testicule ipsilateral. Toutefois, le traitement par 3-AB n'a pu prevenir la diminution induite par l'I/R du taux de sperme dans les 2 testicules. Les activites de SOD et de CAT sont demeurees stables chez tous les groupes. L'I/R a augmente l'activite de la GSH-Px et les taux de GSH. Le traitement par 3-AB a renverse l'augmentation induite par l'I/R de l'activite de la GSH-Px comme chez les sham, mais il n'a pas modifie les taux de GSH. Le traitement par 3-AB a augmente de maniere significative la diminution induite par l'I/R du score histopathologique. En conclusion, un traitement par 3-AB offre des avantages biochimiques et histopathologiques potentiels au-dela de la qualite du sperme et pourrait diminuer l'alteration de la torsion testiculaire.
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    Effects of increasing ratio of progesterone in estrogen/progesterone combination on total oxidant/antioxidant status in rat uterus and plasma
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2010) Hekimoglu, Askin; Bilgin, Hakki Murat; Kurcer, Zehra; Ocak, Ali Riza
    The relationship between increasing ratio of progesterone in estrogen/progesterone combination and oxidative stress (OS) was investigated. Thirty non-pregnant Wistar Albino female rats were divided into five groups and bilaterally ovariectomized (Ovx) except sham group. Sham + 0.3 cc seaseme oil, Ovx + 0.3 cc seaseme oil, Ovx + estradiol propionate (E2) (1 mu g/kg), Ovx + E2 + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 1 mg/kg, Ovx + E2 + MPA 20 mg/kg. Hormones were applied for three consecutive days after 28 days of ovariectomy. Their uteri and blood samples were collected and nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were determined. E2 + MPA1 treatment decreased NO, MDA and TOS levels and increased TAC levels in uterus. Plasma NO levels elevated in all groups and MDA production increased due to E2 treatment when compared to ovariectomy. E2 + MPA20 treatment increased TOS levels, while TAC levels decreased when compared to ovariectomy in plasma. Using E2 plus low dose progesterone may prevent pathologies resourced of OS.
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    Effects of statins in an indomethacin-induced gastric injury model in rats
    (Aves, 2012) Ozbakis-Dengiz, Gunnur; Hekimoglu, Askin; Kandemir, Nilufer; Kurcer, Zehra
    Background/aims: Statins have additional pleiotropic effects beyond their lipid-lowering effects. In this study, the effects of statins were evaluated in an indomethacin-induced gastric injury model in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into eight groups. Distilled water (control group), omeprazole (30 mg / kg), atorvastatin (20 and 40 mg 1 kg), simvastatin (20 and 40 mg 1 kg), and rosuvastatin (20 and 40 mg/kg) were given orally (gavage). Thirty minutes later, indomethacin (25 mg 1 kg) was administered orally to all groups. Six hours later, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The mean ulcer indexes for each group were calculated, and the stomachs were evaluated histopathologically. Results: The ulcer indexes were as follows: control 1.72 +/- 0.16, omeprazole 0 +/- 0.00, and atorvastatin, simvastatin and rosuvastatin (at 20 and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively) 4.28 +/- 0.39, 4.99 +/- 0.96, 1.72 +/- 0.73, 1.90 +/- 0.48, 1.85 +/- 0.26, and 1.67 +/- 0.18. Atorvastatin significantly increased the indomethacin-induced ulcer index at both doses and the erosion score at 40 mg/kg dose. Although the 20 mg/kg dose of simvastatin inhibited mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, the 40 mg/kg dose induced hyperemia. Rosuvastatin did not decrease mononuclear leukocyte or neutrophil infiltrations at 20 mg/kg dose, and only neutrophil infiltration at the 40 mg/kg dose. Conclusions: In patients with gastric discomfort, statins must be used carefully. If statin therapy is needed, we recommend to avoid using atorvastatin and to use the other statins only in the minimum effective dose.
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    Lycopene, an Antioxidant Carotenoid, Attenuates Testicular Injury Caused by Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats
    (Tohoku Univ Medical Press, 2009) Hekimoglu, Askin; Kurcer, Zehra; Aral, Faruk; Baba, Fuesun; Sahna, Engin; Atessahin, Ahmet
    Testicular torsion is a common syndrome that could lead to infertility. We investigated the therapeutic effects of lycopene, an antioxidant caretenoid, on testicular ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury that resembles testicular torsion. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham (n = 6), IR (n = 18), and ischemia/reperfusion with lycopene (IRL, n = 18). Left testicular artery and vein was occluded for 1 h, followed by reperfusion of 3 h, 24 h or 30 days in IR and IRL animals. Either corn oil (vehicle) or lycopene (4 mg/kg) was administrated once daily by gavage to IR or IRL animals, respectively, 5 min after ischemia. Sham-operated animals were treated with vehicle by gavage 5 min after the operation. IR decreased sperm motility and concentration in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes and increased abnormal sperm rate in ipsilateral testis after 30 days of reperfusion. Treatment with lycopene increased the motility in bilateral testes and decreased the rate of abnormal sperm in ipsilateral testis to the sham level, but did not increase sperm concentration in bilateral testes. IR increased the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of reduced glutathione by 24 h of reperfusion, but malondialdehyde remained unchanged. Lycopene treatment restored the enzyme activities but not the reduced glutathione level. Lycopene treatment also ameliorated the IR-induced tissue damage in bilateral testes. In conclusion, the therapeutic antioxidant effect of lycopene on germ cells could serve as a promising intervention to oxidative stress-associated infertility problems, such as testicular torsion.