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Öğe The Change in Luteal Blood Flow and Luteal Size after Beta Carotene and GnRH Injections in Early Pregnant Dairy Cows(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2012) Ay, Serhan Serhat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Kaya, Duygu; Mulazimoglu, Serkan Baris; Emre, Birten; Kacar, Cihan; Kalender, HakanThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intramuscular injections of beta-carotene (beta C) and GnRH on luteal size (LS), luteal blood flow (LBF) and serum beta C concentrations in early pregnant cows. Twenty-nine Holstein-Friesian cows with a mature corpus luteum (>19mm) were randomly assigned to two groups: pc not received (beta C-; n=15) or received (beta C-; n=14). All cows were treated with PGF(2)alpha and inseminated twice, 48 and 72h after the treatment. Last Al was considered to be day 0. All cows received GnRH on day inseminations, 7 and 17. Different from the beta C-, the beta C+ group received beta C intramuscularly on day 7 and 17. In both groups, measurement of LS and LBF were performed on days 7, 10, 17,27 and 37 by transrectal B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected on each examination day. Only cows that became pregnant were included in the statistical evaluation. The concentration o beta C in the beta C+ group was higher than in the beta C- at all examination days except day 17 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups concerning the progesterone concentrations (P>0.05). The LS and LBF of beta C+ group on day 7 (P<0.05) and 27 (P<0.01) was higher than in the beta C- group and values increased significantly until day 37 (LS: P<0.05, LBF: P<0.01). We conclude that beta C injections significantly increased serum beta C concentrations, as well as LS and LBF.Öğe Effect of flunixin meglumine or prostaglandin E2 treatment 15 days after breeding on fertility in Saanen does(Elsevier Science Inc, 2014) Cetin, Yunus; Kocamuftuoglu, Mesih; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Sendag, Sait; Wehrend, AxelThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of timely injections of flunixin meglumine (FM) or vaginal application of prostaglandin E2 (PgE(2)) on pregnancy, fertility, fecundity, and prolificacy rates in Saanen goats. One hundred and sixty-three nonlactating Saanen does were treated with a flugestone acetate (20 mg)-containing intravaginal sponge for 12 days. They also received eCG (400 IU) and a PGF(2 alpha) analogue (50 mu g) 10 days after progestagen priming. Does detected in estrus were mated and assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups. The PgE(2) group (N = 40) received PgE(2) (2.5 mg) intravaginally 15 days after mating. The FM group (N = 54) received flunixin meglumine (total dose, 100 mg) intramuscularly 15 days after mating. Flunixin meglumine was administered at 9:00 AM. Animals in the control group (N = 69) received no treatment. Pregnancy was diagnosed using transrectal ultrasonography (B-mode at 8 MHz) 30 days after mating. The pregnancy rate was significantly greater (P < 0.01) after 30 days in goats treated with PgE(2) and also in the control group than in those treated with FM (67.5%, 59.4%, and 42.5%, respectively). The pregnancy rate did not differ between the PgE(2) and the control group. The pregnancy and fertility rate were lowest in the FM group compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference in the prolificacy rate among experimental groups. In conclusion, our results showed that FM administration during a late luteal phase is detrimental to early pregnancy in goats. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Progestagen on the Changes of the Vaginal Flora Arising from Intravaginal Sponge Treatment and Susceptibility of the Vaginal Flora to Antibiotics in Ewes(Medwell Online, 2008) Yesilmen, Simten; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Altan, FerayThe aim of this study, was to investigate the effect of progestagen on the changes of the vaginal bacterial flora with sponge treatment. Progestagen impregnated sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate). were inserted ewes (Group I, n = 12) for 12 days and, sponge without progeitagen (blank sponge), served as control groups (Group II, n = 12), were inserted ewes for 12 days during the non-breeding season. Vaginal bacterial counts were evaluated on the vaginal flora samples obtained before the introduction of the sponges, at sponge withdrawal and after 48 h from withdrawal of sponge. The mean value for the colony forming units (x 10(3) mL(-1)) were 6.1 and 4.5 on the day of intravaginal sponge insertion and increased to 113.5 and 139.8 at sponge withdrawal (p<0.05), decreased 7.9 and 43.3 after 48 h withdrawal of sponge in Group I and II, respectively (p<0.05). The changes of the vaginal bacterial flora were not different statistically at the time of sponge withdrawal in progestagen and non-progestagen sponge groups. Although, there were not differences between at the time of sponge introduction and withdrawal of sponge in 2 groups, it was found a difference after 48 h removal of sponges with progestagen and without progestagen treatments groups (P<0.05). Amoxicillin/Clavunate, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 1/19 and Tetracycline were more resistance than the other antibiotics according to results of the antibiotic susceptibility test. Intravaginal sponge treatments increased bacterial counts, but this increase returned normal values at probable estrous time in progestagen impregnated sponge treatment. Number of vaginal bacteria did not return normal values in the non-progestagen sponge treatment group after 48 h removal of sponge, because of ewes in this group naturally could not come into estrus. In this study, it was concluded that progesterone did not affect the number of bacterial counts in the vaginal flora except for changes caused by intravaginal sponge treatment.Öğe Effect of subsequent two short-term, short-term, and long-term progestagen treatments on fertility of Awassi ewes out of the breeding season(Ankara Univ Press, 2011) Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Ay, S. Serhan; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Gungor, Orsan; Aslan, SelimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment methods of progestagen with PMSG in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season. A total of 48 ewes were divided into four groups equally. In Group I, vaginal sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate; FGA) were administered to ewes for seven days; afterwards vaginal sponge removal at the end of rh days and new vaginal sponge replaced for seven days in the same group. Vaginal sponges were administered for 7 days and 14 days in Group II and Group III, respectively. Group IV (Control) served as control group. In all experimental groups, 500 IU PMSG was given at sponge removal. Parameters such as estrus response rate, pregnancy and lambing rates, interval from sponge withdrawal to onset of estrus, duration of estrus and fecundity were evaluated. There were no significant differences in terms of estrus response rate, pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and fecundity between the Group I, II and III (p>0.05). In addition to this, any difference in the duration of estrus was not observed in all groups. However, variations in the interval from sponge removal to estrus was found significant (p<0.05) differences between Group II (53 +/- 3.37 h) and Group III (41.5 +/- 1.81 h). A slight increase in progesterone levels was observed after ram introduction, but a significant decrease in progesterone levels was found after two weeks from ram introduction (p<0.05). It was concluded that there was no advantage of using two subsequent sponge treatments for achieving high progesterone concentration during treatment. In addition, short-term sponge treatment (7d) was found as effective as long-term sponge treatment in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season.Öğe Effect of the interval from follicle aspiration to initiation of lengthened FSH treatment on follicular superstimulatory and superovulatory responses and embryo production in lactating Simmental cows(Elsevier Science Inc, 2019) Cirit, Umut; Ozmen, Mehmet Ferit; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Kose, Mehmet; Kutsal, Huseyin Gokhan; Cinar, Elif MerveThe present study evaluated follicular superstimulatory (FSS) and superovulatory (SOV) responses and in vivo embryo production in lactating Simmental cows treated with FSH starting 1 or 2 days after follicle aspiration (FA). The performance of a lengthened superovulation program, named 6dFSH-P36-hCG60, is described. At random stages of the estrous cycle, cows (n = 52) were subjected to ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration of all follicles >= 5 mm. After FA, cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups in which FSH treatments started 1 or 2 days after FA (groups FA-1D and FA-2D, respectively). Cows were superstimulated with a total of 500 mu g pFSH over 6 days on a decreasing dose schedule and were pre-treated with a single dose of 400 IU of eCG 24 h before the start of FSH treatments. Follicular superstimulatory (the mean numbers of follicles >= 8 mm on the day of hCG treatment) and SOV responses (the mean numbers of CL and cows with >= 3 CL at the time of collection) were similar in FA-1D and FA-2D groups. However, when compared to FA-1D group, the number of unfertilized ova tended to decrease (0.4 vs 1.7; P = 0.065) and percentage of fertilized ova tended to increase (95.8% vs 84.6%; P = 0.066) in FA-2D group. Moreover, the mean numbers and percentages of both transferable embryos (8.0 and 77.6% vs 6.4 and 57.7%) and freezable embryos (5.3 and 51.5% vs 3.5 and 31.1%) were numerically higher in FA-2D group than FA-1D group. The results of the study suggest that starting a lengthened superovulation programs in Simmental cows 2 days after FA has potential to increase percentage of fertilized ova and the number of transferable and freezable embryos, although new studies may be needed to confirm this findings. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effectiveness of Using Antibiotic with Intravaginal Sponge and Duration of Sponge Treatments on the Vaginal Flora and Fertility in Anestrous Ewes(Medwell Online, 2008) Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Yepilmen, Simten; Kucukaslan, IbrahimThe aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of antibiotic administration to intravaginal sponge before sponge insertion and investigate duration of sponge treatment for determining changes in the vaginal bacterial flora and fertility parameters. Intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg FGA were inserted in 30 Awassi ewes for long-term (14 days; LT), long-term with antibiotic added sponges (LT-A) and short-term (7 days; ST) during the non-breeding season. All ewes received 400 IU PMSG at sponge withdrawal. Bacterial counts were performed on the vaginal flora samples obtained before the introduction of the sponges, at sponge withdrawal and day of estrous in the treatment groups. The mean value for the colony forming units (x 10(3) mL(-1)) were 5.31, 2.92 and 4.91 on the day of intravaginal sponge insertion and increased to 163.97, 68.34 and 147.0 (p<0.05) at sponge withdrawal, decreased on the day of estrous to 6.97, 4.53 and 5.88 in group LT, LT-A and ST, respectively (p<0.05). According to the antibiotics susceptibility test, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin and vancomycin were more resistance than the other antibiotics. The frequency of ewes in estrous, pregnancy rates and the interval to onset of estrous were similar among groups in the study (p>0.05). It was concluded that intravaginal sponge treatments increased bacterial counts, but this increase returned normal values at estrous time. Changes in the number of vaginal flora were not different statistically in the antibiotic added and not added sponge treatment groups at sponge withdrawal and estrous time. Antibiotic administrations to sponge prevented bacterial growth by fist days of sponge treatment. However, this did not affect bacterial count and reproductive response on the day of estrous.Öğe The Effects of Separate and Combined Use of PGF2? and GnRH Hormones and the Addition of Beta-Carotene on Fertility Parameters in Dairy Cows with Ovarian Cysts(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2018) Emre, Birten; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Agaoglu, Ali Reha; Ay, Serhan Serhat; Kaya, Duygu; Somali, Mustafa; Aslan, SelimBackground: Ovarian cysts are commonly observed pathologies, which interfere with normal cyclic activity and adversely affect fertility in cows. Beta-carotene is effective in the reduction of reproductive problems by inducing the natural defence mechanisms of the body. There are several methods that can be used for the treatment of ovarian cysts. The separate and combined use of GnRH and PGF2 alpha commonly uses in the treatment of ovarian cysts. Therefore, in the presented study the effects of Beta-carotene (beta c) addition for the treatment of ovarian cysts either with GnRH solely or GnRH and PGF2 alpha in combination on the fertility parameters of dairy cows were investigated. Materials, Methods & Results: Seventy-six Holstein Friesian cows having ovarian cysts diagnosed by ultrasonography (USG) were divided into three groups. Cows in Group I (GI, n = 27), were injected with GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im), PGF2 alpha (Tiaprost-trometamol, 5 mL, im) and beta c (20 mL/cow, into 4 regions by im route). In Group II (GII, n = 25) GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im) and PGF2 alpha (Tiaprost-trometamol, 5mL, im) were administrated while GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im) solely in Group III (GIII, n = 24). Cysts were monitored via USG, and blood samples were collected on the on day of treatment (day 0) and on the 7th and 14th days following the administrations. Cows shoving oestrous were inseminated and pregnancy diagnoses were performed on the 40th day following insemination. Treatment results showed that there were statistically no significant differences between GI and GII (P > 0.05). Only numerical difference obtained in time from therapy to pregnancy and overall pregnancy index (P > 0.05). Overall pregnancy rate (85 %), first service pregnancy rates (40 %) and overall pregnancy index (2.11) in GI were found significantly higher than GIII (53.3 %; 20 %; 4.12) [P < 0.05]. No significant difference was observed in progesterone (P4) levels between the groups (P > 0.05). It was found that pc administrations significantly increased beta C levels in GI than GII and GIII on the 7th and 14th days (P < 0.05). Discussion: One of the most common problems encountered in modern dairy production is the development of ovarian cysts. Treatments for ovarian cyst are numerous and variable, and have changed considerably over the years. In the present study, GnRH and PGF2 alpha were administered together as a combination, and as a result of this combined use, higher percentages were obtained for both pregnancy rate and fertility parameters in GI and GII, in comparison to the group administered with GnRH alone (GIII). Better outcome from combination therapy (GnRH and PGF2 alpha) may be due to the fact that luteal thickening in the walls of cysts was determined by ultrasonography, but P4 values were not identified immediately and the treatments were not categorized in accord with these values. No statistically significant differences were determined between GI and GII concerning the fertility parameters investigated, however numerical and proportional differences were observed. beta C levels were significantly higher on day 7 and 14 after treatment in GI which were administered beta C additionally to the treatment protocol for ovarian cysts. This statistical difference suggests that administration of beta c in combination therapy is also effective in the treatment of ovarian cysts. In conclusion, it was determined that high pregnancy rates were obtained by the combined treatment of ovarian cysts (GnRH + PGF2 alpha) and number of inseminations per conception were at desired limits. Better percentile and numerical fertility parameters were achieved in the group, which additionally received beta c, high numbers of infertility cases, beta c supplementation could be a viable option for treatment.Öğe The expression of epidermal growth factor receptors and their ligands (epidermal growth factor, neuregulin, amphiregulin) in the bitch uterus during the estrus cycle(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Sagsoz, Hakan; Liman, Narin; Saruhan, Berna Guney; Kucukaslan, IbrahimIn order to study the possible role of EGFR receptors in the bitch reproductive process, we have analyzed the expression pattern and localization of EGFR receptors and some of their ligands epidermal growth factor (EGF), neuregulin (NRG), amphiregulin (AREG), in the uterus during the estrus cycle using immunohistochemistry. The immunostaining for receptors and ligands of EGFR/ligand system was confined to membrane and cytoplasm of the target cells. Variations were observed, not only at the different stages of the estrous cycle, but also in the different tissue compartments of the uterus. However, it was detected that the immunostainings for NRG and AREG in the different cells do not show important differences at stages of the estrus cycle. In the luminal epithelium, strong immunostaining for ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB4/HER4 and EGF was found at estrus. In the glandular epithelium, strong immunostaining for ErbB4/HER4 was observed at diestrus, while strong immunostaining for EGF was detected in both of estrus and diestrus. ErbB3/HER3 immunoreactivity in the stromal cells was higher at diestrus and anestrus, while ErbB4/HER4 immunoreactivity was lower at anestrus. In the myometrium, the highest levels of immunoreactivity of ErbB2/HER2 were found at estrus, while ErbB3/HER3 immunoreactivity was higher at anestrus. EGF immunoreactivity was lower at anestrus compared to other stage of cycle. Altered EGFR/ligand system expression during the estrus cycle suggests this growth factor system is a potent regulator of proliferation and differentiation events during preparation for implantation of bitch uterus. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Immunolocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptors (flt1/fms, flk1/KDR, flt4) and vascular endothelial growth inhibitor in the bitch uterus during the sexual cycle(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Sagsoz, Hakan; Liman, Narin; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Saruhan, Berna GuneyAngiogenesis is regulated by proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime proangiogenic regulator, whereas vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) is a specific antiangiogenic cytokine. To clarify temporal changes in the localization of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in the uterus of normal bitches during the proestrus, estrus, diestrus and anestrus phases of the estrous cycle, the expressions of VEGF and its receptors (flt1/fms, flk1/KDR and flt4) and their correlation with VEGI were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Uteruses were collected after ovariohysterectomy. Immunohistochemical staining was evaluated semi-quantitatively by an immunohistochemical total score consisting of the sum of the intensity and proportional scores. The results in the bitch uterus demonstrated that positive immunohistochemical staining was found exclusively in the cytoplasm and apical membrane of luminal and glandular epithelial, stromal and smooth muscle cells and nuclear staining was observed in the fit1/fms, flk4 and VEGI during proestrous and estrous. Semi-quantitative analyses revealed that the total score for VEGF in the glandular epithelial cells was significantly higher than that of luminal, endometrial stromal and myometrial smooth muscle cells during proestrous (p < 0.05). The total score for flk1/KDR and flt4 in the glandular epithelium was also significantly higher than that of endometrial stromal cells during proestrous, whilst the total score for flt1/fms in the glandular epithelium was significantly higher than that of endometrial stromal cells during anestrus (p < 0.05). We conclude that, in the bitch uterus, cyclic changes may be precisely regulated by the combined functions of VEGF family members, angiogenic VEGF and VEGF receptors, and the angiogenesis inhibitor VEGI. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Quantitative Software Analysis of Ultrasonographic Textures in Experimental Testicular Torsion(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2013) Aslan, Mustafa; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Mulazimoglu, Serkan; Soyer, Tutku; Senyucel, Mine; Cakmak, Murat; Scholbach, JakobAim Ultrasonography (US) has high diagnostic value in testicular torsion but is vulnerable to several potential errors, especially in the early period. Echotexture (ETX) analysis software provides a numerical expression of B-mode images and allows quantitative evaluation of blood flow due to ischemic damage using power Doppler US (PDUS) analysis. Our aim in this study was to determine the diagnostic value and effective parameters of EXT analysis software in the early period of torsion using B-mode and PDUS images. Materials and Methods In this study, eight rats were used. Following anesthesia, the right testis was rotated to a 1080-degree counterclockwise position whereas the left testis was left in place to have a control group. B-mode and PDUS images of both sides were recorded with a portable US device immediately (0 hour) and 1 and 2 hours after torsion. The B-mode images were analyzed in terms of gradient, homogeneity, and contrast using the BS200pro software (BAB Digital Imaging System 2007, Ankara, Turkey). Intensity (I)-red and area (A)-red values were measured on PDUS images with the Pixelflux (Version 1.0, Chameleon-Software, Leipzig, Germany). The data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results Data from B-mode US image EXT analysis showed no significant difference between the right and left testicles in 0 to 2 hours (p > 0.05). The values obtained from PDUS analysis (I-red and A-red) significantly decreased at the testicular torsion side at the end of the second hour (p < 0.05). I-red and A-red values at 0 to 1 hour of torsion indicated similar blood flow alterations (p > 0.05) whereas the flow was significantly lower at 2 hours (p < 0.05). Conclusion In experimental testicular torsion, ischemic changes can be detected by PDUS power/angiomode using blood flow alterations as early as the second hour. Tissue damage cannot be evaluated within the first 2 hours of torsion with B-mode ETX analysis.Öğe Seroprevalance of canine brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in female and male dogs and relationship to various factors as parity, abortion and pyometra(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2019) Ergene, Osman; Celebi, Bekir; Kucukaslan, IbrahimThe objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalance of canine brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in female and male dogs and also determine the realtionship to various factors as parity, abortion and pyometra. Brucella canis is a disease of the reproductive tract that may cause late abortion, infertility and fail of conception with optimum insemination time in females and infection of the sexual organs in males. Toxoplasma gondii is an important obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which can affect all warm-blooded mammals and humans which may cause fatal diseases with severe problems, such as abortion. As a result, in this study B. canis was determined in low seroprevalence in some cases on the island (North Cyprus), T. gondii was determined as an important contagious parasite. Also reproductive parameters like parity, spaying, cyclicity could be important too and it was presented that extended evaluation of these factors is needed with further studies.Öğe Tarantula cubensis extract alters the degree of apoptosis and mitosis in canine mammary adenocarcinomas(Korean Soc Veterinary Science, 2015) Gultiken, Nilgun; Guvenc, Tolga; Kaya, Duygu; Agaoglu, Ali Reha; Ay, Serhan Serhat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Emre, BirtenIn the present study, 13 clinical cases of canine mammary adenocarcinoma were evaluated in order to understand the effect of Tarantula cubensis extract (TOE) on tumor tissue. Punch biopsies were taken from the tumors before treatment with TOE. Subcutaneous injections of TOE were administered three times at weekly intervals (3 mL per dog). Between days 7 and 10 after the third injection, the tumor masses were extirpated by complete unilateral mastectomy. Pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues were immunohistochemically assessed. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl.2) was found to be higher in pre-treatment compared to post-treatment tissues (p <0.01) whereas Ki-67 expression was lower in post-treatment tissues (p < 0.01). No significant differences in fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor expression were observed between pre- and post-treatment tissues (p > 0.05). The apoptotic index was determined to be low before treatment and increased during treatment. These results suggest that TOE may be effective for controlling the local growth of canine mammary adenocarcinoma by regulating apoptosis.
