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    ASSESSMENT OF THE GRAIN QUALITY OF WHEAT GENOTYPES GROWN UNDER MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS USING GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Yildirim, Mehmet; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Koc, Mujde; Dizlek, Halef; Hossain, Akbar; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Toptas, Irem
    The field experiment was conducted in agricultural research field under the department of field crops, faculty of agriculture, University of Dicle, Turkey (37 degrees 53' N, 40 degrees 16' E) during spring wheat growing season of 2011-12 for assessing the grain yield and quality of sixteen spring wheat genotypes grown under late sown rainfed condition (high temperature combined with drought stress) as compared with early sowing in irrigated condition (favourable environment). The experiment was laid out in a split split plot design with three replications. Two sowing times: early sowing (cool environment) and late sowing (warm environment) were allocated in main plots, sub-plots were in two irrigation conditions (rainfed and irrigation) and finally sub-sub plots were arranged with sixteen spring wheat genotypes. Data on grain weight (GW), grain protein content (GPC), grain starch content (GSC), test weight (TW), Zeleny sedimentation volume (ZT), dry gluten content (DGC), gluten index (GI) and grain flour content (GFC) were determined to know the adverse effect of high temperature in combined with drought stress. The results of the present study indicates that high temperature combined with drought (late sown heat stress condition) significantly influenced the grain yield and quality parameters of all tested wheat genotypes. Grain protein content showed a positive correlations with DGC and ZT, while negative correlation with GW under normal and heat stress conditions. Moreover, a significant negative association was found between GSC and GPC content due to the adverse effect of high temperature in combined with drought stress. These results support that the performance of genotypes 'Inqilab-91', 'Cham-6', 'Adana-99' and 'Meta-2002' were better in respect of the most important traits of grain quality under adverse environment. Therefore, the genotypes may be considered as prospective good candidates for new wheat varieties for cultivation under heat (late sowing) and drought stress (rainfed) conditions of Turkey.
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    EVALUATION OF SPAD CHLOROPHYLL IN SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Barutcular, Celaleddin; Yildirim, Mehmet; Koc, Mujde; Akinci, Cuma; Toptas, Irem; Albayrak, Onder; Tanrikulu, Abdulkadir
    Wheat is an important food crop. Its production is limited by multiple environmental stresses, especially terminal heat stress. High temperature and drought are the main stresses affecting wheat production in the Mediterranean region. Hence, the chlorophyll content in leaves reflects photosynthetic activity and the yield potential of wheat plants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) chlorophyll meter readings and their relationships with the grain yield of spring wheat growing in different environments, and to examine the physiological responses to environmental stress at different growth stages. Sixteen spring wheat genotypes were grown under two temperature (cool and warm) and two moisture (rain-fed and irrigated) regimes during the 2011/2012 growing season in two locations in Turkey (Adana and Diyarbakir). There were significant genotypic variations in SPAD values under all conditions. There was a significant positive correlation between third-leaf SPAD values and grain yield in the cool-climate conditions at Adana. There was a significant positive relationship between flag-leaf SPAD values at the heading stage and grain yield under cool-climate conditions in Diyarbakir, while the relationship between SPAD values and grain yield was negative under warm-environment conditions. The SPAD values were more strongly affected by location and heat stress than by drought stress. Regarding to the range of SPAD values within each genotype was relatively stable. Together, these results showed that SPAD values can be used as an indicator of grain yield in spring wheat, providing that the measurements are taken at appropriate stages at each location.
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    Variations in morphological and physiological traits of bread wheat diallel crosses under timely and late sowing conditions
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Yildirim, Mehmet; Koc, Mujde; Akinci, Cuma; Barutcular, Celaleddin
    Four wheat cultivars and their F-1 hybrids, at full diallel design, were sown timely and late to represent non-stress and stress conditions. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate gas exchange (A(n),g(s), C-i, A(n)/C-i), canopy temperature depression (CTD), chlorophyll content measured by SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (SPAD, soil plant analysis development) and certain agronomic traits, (2) to determine the relationships among all traits, and (3) to obtain genetic information on physiological traits via diallel analysis. Gas exchange at the medium milk development stage and SPAD measurements at the heading and late milk development stages were made on flag leaf. CTD was measured at medium milk development at three different times of day: late morning, noon and early afternoon. All gas exchange parameters decreased under late sowing conditions, except A(n)/C-i. The CTD was higher under the late sowing conditions compared with the timely sowing conditions. The plants were cooler at early afternoon than at the other measurement times. The SPAD chlorophyll at the heading time for timely sowing was higher than for late sowing, while the SPAD chlorophyll at the late milky stage decreased for timely sowing and increased for late sowing with respect to the measurement at heading time. Compared with the parents, the hybrids had higher values for grain yield, CTD, SPAD chlorophyll and all agronomic traits under both conditions. Significant reciprocal differences were observed in all gas exchange parameters (under both non-stress and stress conditions), except for C-i under non-stress conditions, while reciprocal effects were not observed for SPAD chlorophyll. Reciprocal effects for CTD were significant at noon and early afternoon under stress conditions. SPAD chlorophyll at heading and late milk development correlated significantly with grain yield under stress conditions. All CTD and SPAD chlorophyll measurements showed corresponding correlations with grain yield under non-stress conditions. The data indicate that SPAD chlorophyll has the potential, as an indirect selection criterion in early segregating generations, to improve high grain-yielding genotypes under stress conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.