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Öğe Effect of chronic low-intensity microwave radiation on sperm count, sperm morphology, and testicular and epididymal tissues of rats(Marcel Dekker Inc, 1999) Akdag, MZ; Çelik, MS; Ketani, A; Nergiz, Y; Deniz, M; Dasdag, SThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic microwave exposure on sperm count, sperm morphology, and the morphology of rat testis and epididymes. Continuous wave microwave radiation (9450 MHz) specific absorption rate 1.80 W/kg and power density 2.65 mW/cm(2), was administered for 1 h a day for 13, 26, 39, and 52 days, which corresponded to 1, 2, 3, and 4 cycles of seminiferous epithelium, in mature male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed under Ketalar anesthesia the day after exposure. Then epididymal sperm count, sperm morphology, and the weights of testis, epididymes, seminal vesicles, and prostate were determined. Histologic examinations of testis and epididymes were performed. The parameters were compared with sham groups. Epididymal sperm count decreased significantly only in the 52-day exposure group (p < 0.05). The percentage of abnormal sperm count changed significantly in the 26-, 39-, and 52-day exposure groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, respectively). The weights of testis and epididymes also changed significantly in the 26-, 39-, and 52-day exposure groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). Necrotic tubules, interstitial edema, perforated and necrotic tubules, decrease of spermatogenesis, and absent germinal epithelium in some tubules were observed in the exposed rat testes. In addition, we observed atrophy, interstitial edema, mononuclear cell infiltration, and increased fibroblastic activity in the exposed rat epididymes. We concluded that epididymal sperm count and morphology and weight and morphology of testis and epididymes were affected by chronic prolonged microwave exposure. The incidence of symptoms mentioned here depended on exposure duration.Öğe The effects of nitric oxide on the expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, UEA-1, and tenascin) in rats with unilateral testicular torsion(W B Saunders Co, 2003) Ozturk, H; Buyukbayram, H; Ozdemir, E; Ketani, A; Gurel, A; Onen, A; Otçu, SBackground/Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of adhesion molecules in the early course of testicular I-R injury in rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups, each containing 10 rats. A sham operation was performed in group 1 (control). In group 2 (I-R), after 6 hours of unilateral testicular torsion, 1 -hour detorsion of the testis was performed. In group 3 (I-R/L-NAME), after performing the same surgical procedures as in group 11, L-NAME was given for 30 minutes. In group 4 (I-R/Mol), after performing the same surgical procedure (torsion and detorsion) as in group 11, molsidomine, an NO donor, was infused for 30 minutes. Then, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed to measure the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO and to make histologic examination. Results: MDA values and the testicular injury score decreased and NO values increased in the I-R/Mol-treated group compared with other experimental groups. The tenascin expression in the interstitial space and basement membrane of the tubuli seminiferi were milder in the I-R/Mol group compared with that of the I-R and the I-R/L-NAME. The acrosomes of the spermatids in I-R and I-R/L-NAME groups were stained mildly by lectin. In the I-R and I-R/L-NAME groups, the interstitial spaces, basement membrane of the tubuli seminiferi, and sertoli and germinal cells in testicular tissue were stained intensely by ICAM-1. Conclusions: The expression of adhesion molecules such as tenascin, lectin, and ICAM-1 in the totted testicular tissue may be a pathophysiologic sign of inflammation. NO regulates adhesion molecules expression.Öğe The protective effects of captopril and nitric oxide on solitary kidney after chronic partial ureteric obstruction(Blackwell Science Ltd, 2001) Öztürk, H; Dokucu, AI; Otçu, S; Gezici, A; Ketani, A; Yildiz, FR; Özdemir, EObjective To determine whether vasodilator agents (captopril and nitric oxide) change the morphological and functional effects of chronic partial ureteric obstruction in solitary kidney tissue in unilaterally nephrectomized rats, Materials and methods Each of 50 prepubertal Wistar albino rats underwent right nephrectomy and were then assigned to one of five groups. Rats in group 1 underwent a sham operation (control) and in the other groups the ureter of the remaining kidney was partially obstructed by surgery. In group 2, no drug treatments were given; in groups 3, 4 and 5 captopril, L-arginine methyl ester (L-Arg) or NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, respectively, were given for 3 weeks, In all rats, diuretic scintigraphy was used to measure kidney perfusion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and concentration. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine levels, kidney parenchymal weight and pelvic volume were measured and the kidneys evaluated histopathologically. Results Renal perfusion was significantly greater in both group 3 and 4 than in group 2, The GFR was 18% greater in group 3 and 22.3% greater in group 4 than in group 2. The GFR was decreased by 67% in group 5 compared with the control group, The mean parenchymal weight, mean pelvic volume, BUN and serum creatinine in the four groups with a partially obstructed ureter were significantly different from the control group. There also were significant differences between group 2 and groups 3-5, and between group 2 and group 3. Histological damage was severe in all four groups with partial ureteric obstruction, but in the drug-treated groups, medullary fibrosis was less frequent. Conclusion After 3 weeks of treatment, captopril and L-Arg both improved kidney perfusion, GFR, BUN and serum creatinine levels, but were less effective in preventing parenchymal atrophy and changes in pelvic volume.Öğe The protective effects of nitric oxide on the contralateral testis in prepubertal rats with unilateral testicular torsion(Blackwell Science Ltd, 2000) Dokucu, AI; Öztürk, H; Özdemir, E; Ketani, A; Büyükbayram, H; Yücesan, SObjective To investigate histological changes in the contralateral testis of rats with unilateral testicular torsion and the protective effects of nitric oxide (NO) on possible damage. Material and methods Twenty-eight prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 underwent a sham operation of the right testis under general anaesthesia. Group 2 underwent a similar operation but the right testis was rotated 720 degrees clockwise for 6 h, maintained by fixing the testis to the scrotum, and saline infused during the procedure. Group 3 underwent similar torsion but L-arginine methyl ester (a precursor of NO) was infused during the procedure. In Group 4, N-G-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, a NO synthase inhibitor, was infused separately during the administration of L-arginine methylester and torsion. All the left (untwisted) testes were removed from rats 21 days after surgery and evaluated histologically, assessing seminiferous tubule diameter, loss of sperm and spermatids, loss of germ cell layers, disarray of germ cell layers, rupture of tubules, Leydig cell proliferation and reaction in the ruptured tubules, and oedema. Results There was a significant difference in the indicators of histological damage between groups 2 and 4 and groups 1 and 3, except for the Leydig cell reaction in the ruptured tubules and oedema. The damage was significantly less in group 3 than in groups 2 and 4. Conclusion These results suggest that long-term histopathological changes in the contralateral testes are important after unilateral testicular torsion and that NO has a protective effect on the contralateral testis.
