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    Effect of chemotherapeutic agents on distraction osteogenesis - An experimental investigation in rabbits
    (Springer-Verlag, 2001) Subasi, M; Kapukaya, A; Kesemenli, C; Balci, TA; Buyukbayram, H; Ozates, M
    Limb-salvage operations such as vascularised or non-vascularised osseous grafts and allograft and callus distraction methods have replaced amputations because of the increase in the life expectancy of patients with malignant tumours. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on distraction osteogenesis. For this purpose, 23 rabbits randomly divided into two groups were included in the study. The experimental group and the control group consisted of 12 rabbits and I I rabbits, respectively. The experimental group were administered chemotherapeutic agents with the protocol identified in the osteogenic sarcoma regimen. All the subjects were corticotomised in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal region, and both groups underwent distraction with a circular ring fixator. X-ray films, bone scintigraphy and histopathological examination were pet-formed three times during the study. No difference between the two groups was observed in radiological, scintigraphical and histopathological studies carried out before the distraction period and following the end of the distraction period. In this study, it was shown that the use of antineoplastic drugs has no significant negative effect on distraction osteogenesis applied for reconstruction in rabbits. We think that it can be an alternative treatment method in humans as well.
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    Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on treatment of acute osteomyelitis - An experimental investigation in rats
    (Springer-Verlag, 2001) Subasi, M; Kapukaya, A; Kesemenli, C; Kaya, H; Sari, I
    Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that affects the various developmental steps of hematopoietic cells and enhances the phagocytic activity of these cells. The effect of GM-CSF on acute osteomyelitis, developed in rats, was investigated. For this purpose, osteomyelitis was firstly developed through the direct inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into rat tibial metaphysis. Twenty-four rats in which diagnosis of osteomyelitis was histopathologically established were divided into two groups. Antibiotic only was given to the first group, and antibiotic as well as CM-CSF to the second roup. Rats were followed up for 3 months with plain radiographs and scintigraphic methods using (67)Gacitrate. Material obtained from the rats that had been killed at the end of the 3rd month were histopathologicalIy investigated. One rat in the first group died. In another rat, chronic osteomyelitis developed and fracture was observed. In 12 rats of the second group, physical examination, plain radiographs, and histopathologic findings were normal. In scintigraphic studies with Ga-67-citrate, when the pre- and posttreatment values of the same groups were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U-test, the mean values at 48 h after treatment were found to be significant (P < 0.05), indicating a decrease in the 2nd group (experimental group). In conclusion, the antibiotics were effective in the elimination of infection only together with neutrophils. In this manner, infections may be eliminated by strengthening the host's defense mechanism as well as by administering antibiotics. We believe that an adequate number of long-term studies will shed light on this issue. Besides we consider that this factor will be more important in the study of chronic osteomyelitis.
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    Floating knee in children
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003) Arslan, H; Kapukaya, A; Kesemenli, C; Subasi, M; Kayikçi, C
    The outcomes of 18 ipsilateral displaced femoral and tibial fractures in 17 children are assessed and a new classification system is proposed. Average age was 8.75 years, and follow-up averaged 3.2 years. In the modified Bohn and Durbin classification used, eight cases were type I, four were type 11, three were type IIIa, one was type IIIb, and two were type IV. In tibial fractures there was angulation in three cases, and in femoral fractures there were dislocation and angulation in four cases, refracture in one case, leg length discrepancy in four cases, and asymptomatic knee ligament injury and meniscal tearing in five cases. According to Yue et at's criteria, seven outcomes were excellent, eight were good, two were fair, and two were poor. The cases with poor outcomes were those with open knee injury, and those with fair outcomes were those with angulation. It was concluded that knee ligament injuries do not affect the outcome of floating knee trauma in children, although they do in adults, but that open knee injuries do affect the outcome, and operative treatment of the femoral fracture is the treatment of choice for all ages.
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    Frontal cephalometric analysis in the evaluation of facial asymmetry in torticollis, and outcomes of bipolar release in patients over 6 years of age
    (Springer, 2002) Arslan, H; Gündüz, S; Subasy, M; Kesemenli, C; Necmioglu, S
    Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the mid-term results of bipolar release in congenital muscular torticollis patients over 6 years of age, and the efficacy of frontal cephalometric analysis in the determination and follow-up of facial asymmetry. Methods: Twelve patients (9 boys, 3 girls) from 7 to 12 years of age were included in the study. Bipolar release was performed, followed by 5-7 days of traction and 3 months of physiotherapy. Posteroanterior cephalometric radiography was performed at the beginning of and after therapy. The postural symmetry angle (PSA) was used to determine the presence and severity of facial asymmetry. A modified version of Lee et al.'s system was used in evaluating the results. Results: The average follow-up period was 3 years and 5 months. According to the congenital muscular torticollis evaluation system, the outcome was excellent in 2 of the patients, good in 6, fair in 2 and poor in 2. Asymmetry was not severe in all patients at the beginning of therapy according to PSA values, being insignificant in 2, mild in 6, and severe in 4. The PSA results of the last examination indicated that severe facial asymmetry persisted in 3 patients. In 2 of them, PSA values remained within the limits of severe asymmetry despite a slight angular correction. Discussion: Congenital muscular torticollis patients can benefit from surgical treatment over the age of 6 years. Bipolar release is an adequate and complication-free method. Moreover, PSA may be used as an objective method in the determination and follow-up of facial asymmetry in torticollis patients.
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    Frontal cephalometric analysis in the evaluation of facial asymmetry in torticollis, and outcomes of bipolar release in patients over 6 years of age (vol 122, pg 489, 2003)
    (Springer-Verlag, 2003) Arslan, H; Gündüz, S; Subasi, M; Kesemenli, C; Necmioglu, S
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Occurrence and treatment of nonunion in long bone fractures in children
    (Springer-Verlag, 2002) Arslan, H; Subasy, M; Kesemenli, C; Ersuz, H
    Background: Because of favorable local biological factors, nonunion is rarely seen in long bone fractures in children, and there are few studies on pediatric nonunion in the literature. Methods: Twenty-six children under 15 years of age diagnosed with long bone nonunion were examined, and 19 received treatment. Patients with pseudarthrosis due to tumors or congenital causes were excluded from the study. The following factors were assessed for each patient: age and sex; cause, location, and type of fracture; form of initial treatment; incidence of infection and type of bacteria produced; time between fracture and diagnosis; and type of nonunion. Results: Twenty-two of the patients had fractures in the lower extremities, and 4 in the upper extremities. The femur was the most commonly affected bone (12 patients), followed by the tibia (10 patients). The average age of the patients was 9.6 years (range 1-15 years). The frequency of occurrence increased after the age of 6, and all patients but two were above this cutoff age. In each case, there was at least one factor contributing to nonunion, such as open reduction and insufficient fixation, open fracture, and infection. Of the 19 patients treated, 3 required reoperation. Conclusion: In our opinion, claims that pediatric nonunion is an extremely rare condition are exaggerated, and we do not agree that it is always due to an error in treatment. Nonunion does occur in children despite appropriate treatment, especially after the age of 6, and it may be resistant to therapy.
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    Occurrence and treatment of nonunion in long bone fractures in children (vol 122, pg 494, 2003)
    (Springer, 2003) Arslan, H; Subasi, M; Kesemenli, C; Ersuz, H
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Problem fractures associated with gunshot wounds in children
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2002) Arslan, H; Subasi, M; Kesemenli, C; Kapukaya, A; Necmioglu, S; Kayikçi, C
    Twenty-seven fractures in 22 children (14 female, 8 male; average age: 10.5) who suffered gunshot wounds were retrospectively evaluated. Fourteen of the fractures were caused by high-velocity weapons, four by low-velocity weapons, and nine by shotguns. One of the fractures was undisplaced, two were displaced, 10 were comminuted, seven were comminuted and displaced, and seven had bony defects. Accompanying pathologies included four physeal, three articular, four visceral, four arterial, six peripheral nerve, and one spinal cord injury. Initial treatment involved external fixation in 15 patients and internal fixation in one patient for bone stabilization, while the remaining patients were treated conservatively. Late-stage surgery was necessary to achieve soft-tissue coverage in three patients and to achieve union in six patients. Major complications included amputation in one patient, non-union in two, delayed union in one, osteomyelitis in one, paraplegia in one, and loss of peripheral nerve functions in three. The treatment of fractures associated with firearm injuries in children is never simple. Fracture defects, accompanying peripheral nerve damage and involvement of the joint negatively is affect the outcome, increasing the chance that late-stage surgery will be necessary. Internal bone transport appears to be an efficacious technique in the treatment of bone and soft-tissue defects associated with firearm injuries in children. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Treatment of closed femoral diaphyseal fractures with external fixators in children
    (Springer Verlag, 1998) Kapukaya, A; Subasi, M; Necmioglu, S; Arslan, H; Kesemenli, C; Yildirim, K
    From August 1992 to July 1996, 57 patients with closed femoral fractures were treated by external fixator in the Orthopaedic and Traumatology Clinics, School of Medicine, Dicle University. The technique was applied to children with closed femoral fractures. Their mean age was 6 (range 4-12) years old. The mean hospitalisation period was 8 (range 5-15) days. Fixators were removed on an average of 55 (range 38-79) days. The mean follow-up period was 18 (range 9-36) months. Pintract infection was observed in 3 and refracture in 1 patient. Infection was controlled with oral antibiotics and local dressing;. An external fixator was applied to a patient in whom refracture developed. No patient had malunion, nonunion, or leg length discrepancy. We propose that external fixation in closed femoral shaft fractures of children could be a rational alternative mode of therapy, since it has some advantages and can be easily removed without undergoing a second round of anaesthesia.
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    Treatment of multifragmentary fractures of the femur by indirect reduction (biological) and plate fixation
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2002) Kesemenli, C; Subasi, M; Necmioglu, S; Kapukaya, A
    We present a retrospective review of the results of 43 multifragmentary femur fractures treated under the principle of indirect reduction (biological) and plate fixation. Fractures were caused by high-energy trauma in all patients. Sixteen were subtrochanteric, 14 diaphyseal and 13 supracondylar. There were 13 open fractures. In six of the patients with diaphyseal fractures, a plate wits inserted through isolated proximal and distal incisions only, deep to the vastus lateralis. None of the fractures was treated with bone graft. The mean follow-up time was 28.3 months. Union was achieved in 41 patients within a mean period of 4.25 months. There was delayed union in one patient (subtrochanteric), non-union ill two, infection in three, malunion in three, leg shortening in six and mild knee stiffness in seven. In eight patients with diaphyseal fractures in whom a single incision was performed, the average time for fracture healing was 4.14 months ill seven and non-union developed in one. In six patients with diaphyseal fractures, in whom proximal and distal incisions were performed, the average time for fracture healing was 4 months. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between single and double incision with reference to infection and time to union, but the indirect reduction methods must be meticulously implemented. The implants we used are cheaper and more easily Supplied than many others. The Success rate is high when the technique is correctly implemented. We believe that this is a treatment of choice ill Countries with low socioeconomic status, no efficient health insurance system and no intraoperative image intensification. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.