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    Aquaporin 1, Aquaporin 3 and Aquaporin 5 expression and EGFR mutation in malignant pleural mesotheliomas: an imunohistochemical and molecular study
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Alabalik, Ulas; Turkcu, Gul; Keles, Ayse Nur; Ibiloglu, Ibrahim; Urakci, Zuhat; Buyukbayram, Huseyin
    Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare and fatal malignancy. This disease is, unfortunately, at its advanced stage when it is diagnosed. Survival time is usually not more than a few months. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of Aquaporin 1, Aquaporin 3 and Aquaporin 5 in malignant pleural mesotheliomas and to explore the relationship of these levels of expression with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation and prognostic parameters. In this study, 60 cases diagnosed as malignant pleural mesothelioma among the pleural biopsy materials in the archives of the Pathology Department of Medical Faculty of Dicle University in 2003-2013 were evaluated. The tissues were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against Aquaporin 1, Aquaporin 3 and Aquaporin 5, and the existence of EGFR mutation was investigated in the tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained results showed expression of Aquaporin 1, Aquaporin 3 and Aquaporin 5 in varied amounts in malignant pleural mesotheliomas. However, no significant relation was obtained thus far between the expression levels of these aquaporins and the prognostic parameters. No mutations were detected in the EGFR gene exons 18-21 by using real-time PCR. It could be suggested that although Aquaporin 1, Aquaporin 3 and Aquaporin 5 are expressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma, they do not have any effect on the prognostic parameters. Mutations in different domains of EGFR gene, other than exons 18-21, should be sought to develop new targeted treatments.
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    Can aquaporins be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for uterine smooth muscle tumours?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Alabalik, Ulas; Turkcu, Gul; Keles, Ayse Nur; Ibiloglu, Ibrahim; Ozler, Ali; Urakci, Zuhat; Buyukbayram, Huseyin
    Generally, uterine leiomyosarcoma is easily diagnosed. However, uterine smooth muscle tumours which show atypical histological features and unusual growth patterns may mimic malignancy and may not be easily diagnosed. In this study, our aim is to show the expressions of Aquaporin3, Aquaporin7 and Aquaporin9 in uterine smooth muscle tumours, and to investigate if aquaglyceroporins can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers to start rapidly an appropriate treatment for patients with these tumours in order to extend the survival time. We determined that there had been 74 patients diagnosed with uterine smooth muscle tumours. We divided patients into four groups based on the diagnosis: bizarre leiomyoma, smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential, leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma. Aquaporin3, Aquaporin7 and Aquaporin9 were detected by using monoclonal anti-Aquaporin3, anti-Aquaporin7 and anti-Aquaporin9 antibodies, respectively. In leiomyosarcoma group, we observed a statistically significant relation of Aquaporin3 expression with survival time, grade, stage, mitotic index and Ki-67 score. A significant relation of both Aquaporin7 and Aquaporin9 expressions with survival time, grade, stage was not statistically detected in leiomyosarcoma group. The decrease of Aquaporin3 expression can be used as important diagnostic and prognostic marker. Aquaporin7 and Aquaporin9 expressions cannot be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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    COMPARISON OF SKIP EXPRESSION IN MALIGNANT PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMAS WITH KI-67 PROLIFERATION INDEX AND PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS
    (Vesalius Univ Medical Publ, 2016) Turkcu, Gul; Alabalik, Ulas; Keles, Ayse Nur; Ibiloglu, Ibrahim; Kucukoner, Mehmet; Sen, Hatice Selimoglu; Buyukbayram, Huseyin
    We aimed to determine the presence of SKI-interacting protein (SKIP) expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and its effect on prognosis by investigating SKIP correlation with the Ki-67 proliferation index and prognostic parameters. Pathological preparations of the patients diagnosed with MPM between 2006 and 2012 were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of SKIP and the Ki-67 proliferation index. Correlations between SKIP expression, clinicopathological factors and survival were investigated. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the variables. In total, 52 patients were evaluated in the study; 36 of them were male and 16 were female. The mean age of the patients was 62.3 +/- 12.2 years. The median overall survival period was 8.5 months. Factors negatively affecting general survival in the univariate analysis included high SKIP expression, Ki-67 proliferative index over 30%, presence of non-epithelioid type MPM and stage III-IV disease (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed that high SKIP expression, high Ki-67 proliferative index and presence of non-epithelioid type MPM are independent factors that affect the survival rate. Higher SKIP expression is associated with poor prognosis in MPM.
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    EFFECTS OF GENISTEIN, ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE THERAPIES ON BLADDER MORPHOLOGY AND M2, M3 RECEPTOR EXPRESSIONS IN OOPHORECTOMIZED RATS
    (Carbone Editore, 2014) Turgut, Abdulkadir; Goruk, Neval Yaman; Sak, Muhammet Erdal; Deveci, Engin; Akdemir, Fatih; Keles, Ayse Nur; Nergiz, Yusuf
    Aims: Investigating the effects of estrogen, estrogen/progesterone combination and genistein therapy on the expression of M2 and M3 receptors located on bladder walls and comparing the morphological and degenerative changes exerted on bladder walls. Materials and methods: A total of 50 adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into five groups. Rats other than the sham group were ovariectomized. OVX group (control group) received water, OVX+G group received 10 mg/kg genistein, OVX+E group received 0.014 mg/kg 17-beta estradiol, OVX+E+P group received 0.014 mg/kg 17-beta estradiol plus 0.028 mg/kg drospirenone per day. Results: When compared with the sham group, in the OVX group higher collagen fibre (CF): smooth muscle (SM) ratio, relatively increased fibrosis, oedema, space between detrusor smooth muscle fascicles, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and total M2, and M3 expression were observed. Relative to the OVX group, decreased CF: SM ratio and fibrosis in the OVX+G, OVX+E, and OVX+E+P groups, decreased oedema, spaces between detrusor muscle fascicles and cytoplasmic vacuoles in the OVX+G group and lesser total M2, and M3 expression in the OVX+G, OVX+E and OVX+E+P groups were observed. Conclusion: Genistein therapy regresses unfavourable morphological changes effecting postmenopausal bladder and increases in M2 and M3 receptor expression more effectively than estrogen and estrogen/progesterone combination. Besides, genistein therapy almost completely regresses degenerative changes; however, estrogen and estrogen/progesterone combination therapies do not improve these degenerative changes except for fibrosis. We think that genistein will favourably contribute both to the conduction of more comprehensive studies in the future concerning its use in postmenopausal urinary incontinence where estrogen and estrogen/progesterone combination therapies do not provide any improvement and etiopathogenesis of urinary incontinence.
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    The Influence of Cervicovaginitis Agents on Epithelial Cell Changes: Comparison of Mardin City's Data with the Literature
    (Federation Turkish Pathology Soc, 2012) Baris, Isik Ikbal; Keles, Ayse Nur; Arman Karakaya, Yeliz
    Objective: The aim of this paper was to observe the reactive changes of epithelial cells exposed to the influence of cervicovaginitis agents that play an important role in the cytology practice and may cause an exaggerated appearance. Material and Method: 378 cases with cervicovaginitis caused by a specific agent were compared with 100 control cases. It was recorded if the inflammation had concomitant cellular changes and atypia or not. After treatment, control smears were examined. The reactive and atypical situations of the cells were considered after the treatment. With the aid of the previous data, the answer to the following question was searched: Is epithelial atypia a real event or a reactive atypia that accompanies an existing cervicitis agent? Results: In the first interpretation, Candida group had the most frequent reactive and ASC-US (Atypic Squamous cells of Undetermined Significance) changes (56,4% and 59,5% respectively). The bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis groups showed ASC-US rates of 25% and 9,5% respectively while in control group the rate was 6,0%. After treatment, the number of cases of ASC-US decreased from 50 to 11. Similarly, the number decreased from 21 to 10 in the bacterial vaginosis group. Conclusion: Cervicovaginitis agents need more attention because of their outcomes. Being aware of the cervicovaginitis agents during interpretation is essential for preventing a false positive diagnosis and unnecessary anxiety especially where cellular atypia is concerned.
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    Institutional experience in the histopathological characteristics and frequency of gallbladder lesions
    (E-Century Publishing Corp, 2016) Turkcu, Gul; Alabalik, Ulas; Keles, Ayse Nur; Ibiloglu, Ibrahim; Hamidi, Arif; Ulger, Burak Veli; Buyukbayram, Huseyin
    Purpose: Our aim in this study is to retrospectively examine cases in which cholecystectomy was performed and to determine incidental cancer cases. Materials and methods: We retrospectively examined the pathology reports of 1841 patients who underwent surgeries in the general surgery clinic for the treatment of gallbladder diseases between March 2006 and May 2015 and whose gallbladder materials were examined after surgery. Age, gender, pathological diagnosis and presence of gallbladder stones were recorded. Results: The average age of the 1841 patients (male/female: 585/1256) evaluated in this study was 50.37 +/- 18.81 years (range: 2-97 years). Surgery for gallbladder disease was most commonly performed in the age range of 50-60 years. Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis (92.0%), followed by acute cholecystitis (5.1%), non-neoplastic lesions (1.74%), preneoplastic lesions (0.76%), carcinomas (0.33%) and lymphomas (0.1%). One or more gallbladder stones were detected in 955 patients. Of these, 93.4% and 4.1% patients were diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis and acute cholecystitis, respectively. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of gallbladder materials is important for identifying incidental benign and malignant tumours.
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    Investigation of IDO1 and TDO2 expression in breast tumors by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Yildiz, Gulden; Buyukbayram, Huseyin; Alabalik, Ulas; Keles, Ayse Nur
    Although diagnostic and therapeutic advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, the challenge of effectively controlling tumor progression persists. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between IDO1 and TDO2 expression in breast cancer by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, hormone receptor status, Ki67 proliferation index, molecular classification, metastasis, and to investigate whether IDO1 and TDO2 expression can be used in combination with targeted therapy or as a marker to increase treatment efficacy in selected cases. The study included 74 cases of breast cancer and 14 cases of normal breast tissue as controls. All cases were analyzed for IDO1 and TDO2 by both immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that IDO1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared to normal breast tissue. A statistically significant correlation was observed between IDO1 immunoreactivity and histologic subtypes. Furthermore, IDO1 gene expression was correlated with IDO1 immunoreactivity. TDO2 immune reactivity did not differ between tumor and non-tumor tissues and no correlation was found between histological subtypes. There was no correlation between TDO2 immunoreactivity and gene expression. The significant increase in IDO1 levels in tumor tissue and high positivity in age, HER2 positive and triple negative cases compared to other cases suggest that IDO1 inhibitors may be suitable for the target patient group in treatment selection.
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    Neonatal respiratory distress
    (Galenos Yayincilik, 2012) Bakir, Salih; Kinis, Vefa; Ozbay, Musa; Yolbas, Ilyas; Keles, Ayse Nur
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Primary thyroid lymphoma: mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma case
    (Aves Press Ltd, 2014) Alabalik, Ulas; Keles, Ayse Nur; Turkcu, Gul; Kucukoner, Mehmet; Avci, Yahya; Buyukbayram, Huseyin
    Primary thyroid lymphomas are lymphomas which are localized only to thyroid gland or thyroid gland and surrounding lymph nodes. Frequently these are mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas with B cell origin. Our case is a 78-year-old female patient who admitted with a neck mass and had been operated with the suspicion of malignancy. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse proliferation of atypical lymphoid cells that consists of small to medium sized cells, with irregular nuclear contours, some of which resemble centrocytes. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD20, CD79alpha, CD43, and lambda while negative for CD3, CD30, CD15, bcl-2, bcl-6, CD68, CD138, CD5, and CD10. With these finding, the case was considered as primary thyroid MALT lymphoma. Thyroid MALT lymphomas are characterized with the presence of atypical lymphocytes that originate from the marginal zones of lymhoid follicles. Immunohistochemically, while these lymphomas express the B cell associated antibodies (CD20, CD22, CD79a), conversely CD5, CD10, and CD3 expressions are not seen.
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    Protective effects of carvacrol and pomegranate against methotrexate-induced intestinal damage in rats
    (E-Century Publishing Corp, 2015) Turkcu, Gul; Alabalik, Ulas; Keles, Ayse Nur; Bozkurt, Mehtap; Ibiloglu, Ibrahim; Firat, Ugur; Buyukbayram, Huseyin
    Objective: The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of carvacrol (CVR) and pomegranate (PMG) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced intestinal damage using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 195-250 g, were divided into four groups: control, MTX treatment alone, MTX plus CVR and MTX plus PMG. A single dose of CVR (73 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to group III on the first day of the experiment, PMG (225 mg/kg/day) was administered orogastrically (with a gavage needle) once daily for 7 days and a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the second day of the experiment. Intestinal tissues were obtained on 8th day, and examined for villus damage, crypt damage, and inflammation. Ki-67 and Caspase 3 staining was used for immunohistochemical evaluation. Results: MTX treatment induced villus shortening and fusion, epithelial atrophy, crypt loss, inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria, and goblet cell depletion. The CVR and PMG decreased the severity of intestinal damage caused by MTX treatment. In the MTX-received group, significant inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the lamina propria. Compared to the MTX-received group, the PMG and CVR groups showed less villus and crypt damage and less inflammation in the lamina propria. Fewer Ki-67 positive cells were observed in the crypts of the MTX-received groups compared to the control group. There were more Ki-67 positive cells in the CVR and PMG groups compared to MTX group. The MTX-received group exhibited more caspase-3 positive cells than the control group, and the number of caspase-3 positive cells were decreased in the CVR and PMG treated groups. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that PMG and CVR decrease MTX-related damage and apoptotic activity in intestinal tissue.
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    A Review on the Impact of IUD in Cervical Cytology: Mardin Region Data
    (De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2013) Baris, Isik Ikbal; Keles, Ayse Nur
    Objective: The aim of the study was to provide an overview to infectious and reactive cytological effects of intrauterine devices, which are one of the most widely used methods of contraception, with the results we obtained in the Mardin region. Material and Method: We evaluated together the pap smears of the 300 intrauterine device (+) and 300 intrauterine device (-) patients sent to the pathology department in the period of 2010-2011. Genital infection rates and frequency of reactive-dysplastic cellular changes were statistically compared between the groups together with the literature data. Results: In the intrauterine device (+) group, 2 (+) and more severe inflammation was observed in 66.3% of cases. Bacterial vaginosis (26%), candida (12%) and trichomonas vaginalis (8%) were recorded as the most common infectious agents, followed by actinomyces (4%). Between the groups of intrauterine device (+) and (-), no significant difference was observed in terms of the incidence of squamous cell abnormalities, except ASC-US (p=0.02). In the intrauterine device (+) group, the presence of atypical glandular cells and reactive findings was significantly higher than the control group. After the removal of the intrauterine device, 61 cases that had control smears showed regression, with a rate of % 75.4 (n=46). Conclusion: The local irritative and inflammatory effect of intrauterine devices basically causes reactive and regenerative changes mostly in glandular cells. Intrauterine devices disrupt the genital flora and significantly increase the frequency of genital infection by creating a foreign body reaction.