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  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Bitkisel yağlardan biyodizel üretimi
    (2017) Kaya, Canan; Hamamcı, Candan
    Biyodizel fosil yakıt kaynaklarının azalmasından dolayı önemi ve yararı gittikçe artan alternatif bir yakıttır. Kimyasal olarak biyodizel yenilenebilir bitki ve hayvan yağlarından elde edilen uzun zincirli yağ asitlerinin monoalkil esterleridir. Biyodizel monohidrik bir alkolün ve yağın bir katalizör eşliğinde reaksiyona girme yöntemi olan transesterifikasyon yöntemi ile elde edilir. Transesterifikasyon yönteminde; reaksiyon koşulları, alkolün yağa molar oranı, alkolün türü, katalizörün türü ve miktarı, reaksiyon süresi ve sıcaklığı ve reaktantların saflığı önemlidir. Bu çalışmada ham bitki yağlarından ve atık bitki yağlarından transesterifikasyon ile biyodizel elde edilmesi çalışıldı. Değişebilir en önemli optimum koşullarda (sıcaklık durumu, uygun reaktant ve uygun saflaştırma metodu), maksimum verimle yüksek kalitede biyodizel elde etmek için uygun bir metot seçildi. Sonuç olarak ham bitki yağlarının ve atık bitki yağlarının metil esterleri karakterize edildi. Elde edilen biyodizellerin dizel motorlardaki özellikleri; viskozluk, tutuşma sıcaklığı, bulutlanma noktası, akma noktası, yoğunluk, setan sayısı ve asit değerleri karakterize edildi.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Comparison of the biodiesel quality produced from refined sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) oil and waste cooking oil
    (Multi-Science Publ Co Ltd, 2010) Saydut, Abdurrahman; Kafadar, Aylin Beycar; Tonbul, Yalcin; Kaya, Canan; Aydin, Firat; Hamamci, Candan
    A major hurdle in commercialization of biodiesel from vegetable oil, in comparison to petroleum-based diesel fuel, is its cost of manufacturing, primarily the raw material cost. Waste cooking oil is one of the economical sources for biodiesel production. NaOH and KOH catalyzed processes for prepared of biodiesel expressed of fatty acid methyl ester were comparatively studied for refined sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) oil and waste cooking oil. Transesterification was carried out using 100% excess methanol; i.e. molar ratio of methanol to oil is 6:1 and catalyst concentration of 0.5% at 60 degrees C. Fuel properties and specifications such as viscosity, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density, cetane number, and acidic value are determined and compared to each other and petroleum diesel. This study characterizes the fuel properties of biodiesel produced from refined sunflower oil and waste cooking oil using two different catalysts (NaOH and KOH) to provide a comprehensive understanding of biodiesels.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Methyl ester of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) seed oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Kaya, Canan; Hamamci, Candan; Baysal, Akin; Akba, Osman; Erdogan, Sait; Saydut, Abdurrahman
    The peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) seed oil was extracted from the seeds of the peanut that grows in SE Anatolia of Turkey. Oil was obtained in 50 wt/wt.%, by solvent extraction. Peanut (A. hypogea L) seed oil was investigated as an alternative feedstock for the production of a biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel was prepared from peanut by transesterification of the crude oil with methanol in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. A maximum oil to ester conversion was 89%. The viscosity of biodiesel oil is nearer to that of petroleum diesel and the calorific value is about 6% less than that of diesel. Peanut seed oil have about 8.3% less heating value than that of diesel oil due to the oxygen content in their molecules. The quality of biodiesel is most important for engine part of view and various standards have been specified to check the quality. The important properties of peanut oil and its methyl ester (biodiesel) such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, iodine number, neutralization number, pour point, cloud point, cetane number are found out and compared to those of no, 2 petroleum diesel, ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. The comparison shows that the methyl ester has relatively closer fuel properties to diesel than that of raw peanut seed oil. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Process optimization for production of biodiesel from hazelnut oil, sunflower oil and their hybrid feedstock
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Saydut, Abdurrahman; Erdogan, Sait; Kafadar, Aylin Beycar; Kaya, Canan; Aydin, Firat; Hamamci, Candan
    The most important constituent needed for biodiesel development is the feedstock. As the availability of feedstock is limited, the possibility of using the hybrid feedstock has been explored. Biodiesel has been synthesized from hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernel oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil and hybrid (hazelnut and sunflower) (50: 50 v/v) feedstocks. Ester yield of vegetable oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was found to be 97.5%, 97.3% and 97.9% for hazelnut, sunflower and hybrid feedstocks respectively. The reaction parameters were used to be 6: 1 (methanol to oil) molar ratio, KOH (0.7%), at 60 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 2 h during alkali esterification for the three feedstocks. High yield from hybrid feedstock during transesterification reaction clearly indicated that the reaction was not selective for any particular oil. The obtained results important in that in case of scarcity of feedstock both oils could be mixed as well to maintain the constant supply of the feedstock in the perspective of industrial production of biodiesel. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Öğe
    Transesterified sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed oil as a biodiesel fuel
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Saydut, Abdurrahman; Duz, M. Zahir; Kaya, Canan; Kafadar, Aylin Beycar; Hamamci, Candan
    The sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil was extracted from the seeds of the sesame that grows in Diyarbakir, SE Anatolia of Turkey. Sesame seed oil was obtained in 58 wt/wt'Y(,, by traditional solvent extraction. The methylester of sesame (Sesamuni indiculn L.) seed oil was prepared by transesterification of the crude oil. Transesterification shows improvement in fuel properties of sesame seed oil. This study supports the production of biodiesel from sesarne seed oil as a viable alternative to the diesel fuel. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.