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    Comparison of Some Morphological and Physiological Characters of Apple Scab Pathogen (Venturia inaequalis) in Two Different Agricultural Ecology of Turkey
    (Springer, 2021) Kavak, Hamit; Celik, Ali
    Bingol and Isparta are two remote regions with significant differences in terms of apple production in Turkey. In this study, some morphological and physiological characteristics of the apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) were measured and compared between these two regions. Colony colors and boundary lines, mycelial structures, colony growth rates, conidial numbers and sizes of the isolates were measured and compared in controlled conditions. With respect to colony morphologies of Bingol and Isparta isolates, important differences were observed. On the other hand, coloni development rate of Bingol isolates in PDA, MEA and CMA media were statistically significant, exhibiting an average of 30% faster growth compared to Isparta isolates. In addition, conidial numbers in 1 cm(2) area of PDA were to be higher and significant in Bingol isolates. However, it has not been determined differences for the dimensions of the conidial isolates developed in PDA belonging to two districts. As a result, it is considered that the morphological and physiological privileges determined by the comparison of the two district isolates of apple black spot is important. These results may be due to the genetic or fungicidal pressure due to the new race formation and the phenotypic characteristics due to different agricultural applications.
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    Öğe
    Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesine Uygun Nohut Ve Mercimek Çeşit Ve Hatlarının Belirlenmesi
    (2017) Kavak, Hamit; Erbatur, Umut Baran; Biçer, Behiye Tuba; Akıncı, Cuma; Eker, Savaş
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Identification of cotton non-pathogenic fungal agent isolates based on morphological and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method
    (Mevlüt AKÇURA, 2024) Karadaşlı, Adalet; Kavak, Hamit
    In this study, morphological and MALDI-TOF MS identification and comparison of non-pathogenic fungal species isolated from diseased root, leaf and boll tissues of cotton plants were carried out. For this purpose, surveys were conducted in Bağlar, Sur, Çınar, Bismil, Yenişehir, Ergani, Eğil, Kayapınar and Silvan districts of Diyarbakır province where cotton production is intensive between June and September 2020 and 2021. 209 samples of plants showing typical fungal disease symptoms were collected from 75 different cotton production areas. A total of 171 fungal isolates were obtained by isolation, culture and purification procedures from diseased plant tissues in the samples. The 20 isolates that were negative in the pathogenicity test in the main host were identified and compared by morphological (traditional) and MALDI-TOF MS methods. According to the results, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus minisclerotigenes, Penicillium nalgıovense, Chaetomium globosum, Dichotomopilus funicola, Arthroderma gloria, Pseudogmnoacus pannorum, Tichophyton interdigitale, and Penicillium sp. Penicillium sp. were found to be intensively colonized in different parts of cotton such as leaves, bolls and roots. Again, it was determined that the most common species among the total saprophyte isolates was Aspergillus niger with a high similarity rate.
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    Investigation of Genetic Diversity in Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) Isolated from Two Different Geographical Areas of Turkey
    (Springer, 2019) Celik, Ali; Kavak, Hamit
    Apple (Malus domestica) is a widely grown fruit in various climate types of the world and is exposed to the attack of many fungal disease agents during the growing period. One of them is Venturia inaequalis, which is probably the most important in terms of economic loss worldwide, which makes apple scab disease important in apple growing areas. In this study, the genetic diversity of apple scab in Bingol and Isparta provinces has been examined, which represent the two extremes of Turkey in terms of apple production. The 18 isolates obtained from these regions and were amplified by PCR using 7 RAPD primers. Polymorphic bands of the isolates were obtained by subjecting to agarose gel imaging. The average number of bands per primer was determined to be 3.91, with the highest polymorphic bands obtained from OPF04 encoded primer and the least polymorphic bands from OPG15 encoded primer. According to the clustering analysis, the total isolate population belongs to 5 different groups. Significant privileges were not observed between the two regions's isolates It is thought that RAPD primers have a certain level to determine the diversity but not high levels of intra- and interregional variation in the isolates of V. inaequalis.
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    Profiling of non-pathogenic bacterial population by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in stone fruits
    (2022) Bayman, Serkan; Kavak, Hamit
    The study was carried out to investigate the status of non-pathogenic bacteria isolated from infected plant tissues in stone fruit orchards including almonds, apricots, cherries, mahaleb, olives and plums in Adıyaman, Diyarbakır and Mardin provinces of Turkey. Surveys were performed in the mentioned provinces between March and August in 2019-2021. Survey studies showed that, 87 samples with typical bacterial disease symptoms were collected from 34 different stone fruit orchards. Hypersensitivity (HR) and host pathogenicity tests were performed following isolation from diseased plant tissues in the samples. A total of 70 isolates, which were found to be non-pathogenic with negative HR and host pathogenicity tests, were definitively diagnosed by MALDI-TOF analysis method. Finally, it was specified that bacteria of Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera were more densely colonized in different tissues of stone fruits. It was concluded that the most concentrated bacteria in the stone fruits was Stenotrophomonas rhizophila with 13 isolates, followed by respectively Bacillus megaterium with 9 isolates, Pantoea agglomerans with 7 isolates, Bacillus pumilus with 6 isolates, Xanthomonas hortorum with 5 isolates, Bacillus mojavensis and Rahnella aquatilis with 3 isolates
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    SEED GERMINATION RATE IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS) WITH CHALKY SPOTTED
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Bicer, Behiye Tuba; Toncer, Ozlem; Kavak, Hamit; Akinci, Cuma
    The chalky spot syndrome is a serious seed quality problem in red lentil in the southeast Anatolia of Turkey. This research was carried out to determine the chalky spot rate and its effect on the seed germination in twenty lentil genotypes. Germination tests as three groups performed; (i) seeds from damaged location were cleaned, and two groups were divided as damaged and non-damaged, (ii) all seeds from damaged location, and (iii) seeds from non damaged location. Chalky spot rate among genotypes ranged from 11.0 to 42.92%. Mean of germination speed in damaged seeds was 46.88%, and ranged from 20 to 66% in damaged seeds. Mean of germination speed in non-damaged seeds was 84.5%. Chalky spotted seed rate strongly reduced germination rate.
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    SOME BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SORDARIA FIMICOLA
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2012) Kavak, Hamit
    Biological parameters associated with identification, isolation, proliferation, resistance and discharge of asci and ascosporous were investigated on Sordaria fimicola. As unusual habitats, the fungus was isolated from surfaces of necrotized leaf spots of Hordeum vulgare, H. spontaneum and Datura inoxia at various rates in the vegetation period of 2009 in the Sanliurfa district, Turkey. Treatments were conducted at different temperatures and nutrition media. Together with mycelium development, the most perithecial production was observed on Potato Dextrose Agar-1 at 25 degrees C in shortest time. At the same temperature, the slowest mycelium growth and perithecial production was observed on Potato Dextrose Agar-2. In absence of glucose in Corn Meal Agar, perithecial production and mycelium development was also fast. Mycelia tufts of fungus were resistant to different degrees or doses of ethyl alcohol. On the mycelium appendages stored in the ethyl alcohol, the perithecium of the fungus produced. Globe, turbinate, obpyriform and clavate were respective steps in the formation of perithecium. Together with asci, ascosporous were actively thrown from bursting perithecial opening in the matured perithecium. It is considered that this fungus species may occupy the necrotized areas on living plant leaves as an alternative habitat.