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Öğe The effects of plant density and year on yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) moench)(Society of Field Crops Science, 2015) Tansı, Leyla Sezen; Karaman, Şengül; Tonçer, Özlem; Gedik, SelinPurple coneflower, one of the most popular medicinal plants, is not naturally found in Turkey. Here, Purple coneflower plants were grown in the Cukurova Region of Turkey and the effect of plant density and year on the herb yields were studied. Plants were harvested in June, 2011 and 2012 as second and third seasons of growth in Cukurova. Since flowering plants were not available for one-year-old plants in 2010. Purple coneflower were harvested at the aerial parts when the flowering time at the 2nd and 3nd season, roots were harvested in fall. Although the weight of different aerial parts and roots per plant (g plant-1) were not changed according to different plant densities (30×90, 45×90, 60×90 cm) these parameters were changed according to the years. Also, fresh weight of herb (g plant-1), dry weight of flowers (g plant-1) and number of main stems (number plant-1) were not changed in pertinent to years and plant densities. Fresh yield of herb, fresh yield of stem, fresh yield of leaf, dry yields of stem, dry yields of leaf, number of seconder buds (kg ha-1) had differences according to plant densities and years.Öğe Interactive effects of number of plants and nitrogen fertilization on quality parameters of Salvia officinalis L. cultivated in semi-arid environments(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) İzgi, Mehmet Necat; Karaman, Şengül; Tonçer, ÖzlemThis research aimed to elucidate the interplay between number of plants and nitrogen dose on the agronomic attributes, as well as the essential oil yield and composition of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) in the challenging ecological conditions of Mardin, situated in South Eastern Anatolia. A split-plot experimental design was employed during 2018-2019, manipulating the variables of number of plants and nitrogen application rates. The experiment identified camphor, 1,8-cineole, alpha-thujone, and beta-thujone as the major components. The PCA analysis unveiled statistically significant inverse correlations between the concentration of camphor and 1,8-cineole, as well as alpha- and beta-thujone. The results demonstrated that the combination of lower plant number with elevated nitrogen levels yielded higher fresh herb dry herb and dry leaf. While lower plant number and higher nitrogen application independently exerted positive influences on essential oil production and yield, the interactive impact of these treatments yielded inconclusive results. Specifically, nitrogen treatments led to an increase in camphor content while reducing alpha- and beta-thujone contents in the essential oil. Conversely, lower plant numbers resulted in decreased camphor content and an increase in thujone content within the oil. In light of these findings, it is recommended that, under semi-arid conditions, optimal yields can be achieved by employing plant number of 50000 plants ha(-1) and a nitrogen fertilizer rate of 120 kg ha(-1). This research sheds light on the intricate relationship between agronomic factors and the quality of sage cultivation, offering valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices in semi-arid regions.Öğe Variation of agronomical characteristics and essential oil components of Zahter (Thymbra Spicata L. var. Spicata) populations in semi-arid climatic conditions(Society of Field Crops Science, 2015) Kızıl, Süleyman; Tonçer, Özlem; Diraz, Emel; Karaman, ŞengülThymbra spicata L. var. spicata is grown naturally in semi-arid climatic conditions of Turkey. The seeds of wild populations collected from various regions were cultivated under arid climatic conditions of Diyarbakır in South East Anatolian region of Turkey. Components of hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from air dried aerial parts of T. spicata were identified and compared using gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometer. Fresh herbage yields of populations ranged 4925 kg ha-1 to 13275 kg ha-1, dry herbage yield varied between 2035 to 4782 kg ha-1 and dry leaf yield ranged 1347 kg ha-1 to 3364 kg ha-1. Essential oil contents of T. spicata populations in dry herb ranged 2.25% to 4.65%. The total oil content of plants and the percentage contribution of the major oil constituents, carvacrol, ?-terpinene and p-cymene, varied remarkably among localities. The highest carvacrol content was found in the population collected from Diyarbakir-Dicle (97.9%). The results indicated that agronomic characteristics, essential oils and chemical compositions of T. spicata are affected by environmental, genetic and agronomic practices under cultivation conditions.Öğe Yield and essential oil composition of lippia citriodora HBK leaves and flowers in semi-arid conditions(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Tonçer, Özlem; Karaman, Şengül; Kamçı, Gizem; Erdem, EnesLippia citriodora H.B.K is an herbal species which contains several aroma compounds and the leaves of the plant are utilized as a seasoning for food preparations and flavoring beverages. In this study, the essential oil composition of the L. citriodora growing in semi-arid ecological conditions in Diyarbakir Turkey was determined at different plant parts taken from the upper (leaves and flowers), middle (leaves), and lower portions (leaves). The highest essential oil content (3.7 mu l/g in w/w) was obtained from the lower part of the plant. The essential oil of L. citriodora was analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Although the major essential oil composition of the oil was obtained as caryophyllene oxide, limonene, geranial, and neral, caryophyllene oxide and limonene showed significant changes with respect to different plant parts. While the rate of caryophyllene oxide gradually decreases from the lower parts of the plant to the upper parts; it was observed that the limonene ratio increases towards the upper parts of the plant. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the basis of the contents of the 31 compounds showed that two principal components had an eigen value greater than 1 and the first principal component explained 80. 39% of the total variation. In addition to the remarkable chemical differences of L. citriodora essential oil regarding the caryophyllene oxide and limonene, the proportion of these compounds has been observed to be significantly higher than the literature values.
