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    Leishmaniasis in Turkey: Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani in Turkey
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Ozbilgin, Ahmet; Harman, Mehmet; Karakus, Mehmet; Bart, Aldert; Toz, Seray; Kurt, Ozgur; Cavus, Ibrahim
    In Turkey, the main causative agents are Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) and Leishmania infantum (L. infant:tun) for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and L. infantum for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In this study, we investigated leishmaniasis cases caused by L. donovani and established animal models for understanding its tropism in in vivo conditions. Clinical samples (lesion aspirations and bone marrow) obtained from CL/VL patients were investigated using parasitological (smear/NNN) and DNA-based techniques. For species identification, a real time ITS1-PCR was performed using isolates and results were confirmed by hsp70 PCR-N/sequencing and cpb gene PCR/sequencing in order to reveal Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum discrimination. Clinical materials from CL and VL patients were also inoculated into two experimental groups (Group CL and Group VL) of Balb/C mice intraperitoneally for creating clinical picture of Turkish L. donovani strains. After 45 days, the samples from visible sores of the skin were taken, and spleens and livers were removed. Measurements of the internal organs were done and touch preparations were prepared for checking the presence of amastigotes. The strains were isolated from all patients and amastigotes were seen in all smears of the patients, and then isolates were immediately stored in liquid nitrogen. In real time ITS1-PCR, the melting temperatures of all samples were out of range of L. infcrnuttn, L. tropica and L. major. Sequencing of hsp70 PCR-N showed that all isolates highly identical to previously submitted L. donovani sequences in GenBank, and cpb gene sequencing showed five isolates had longer cpbF allele, whereas one isolate contained a mixed sequence of both cpbF and cpbE. All mice in both experimental groups became infected. Compared to controls, the length and width of both liver and spleen were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in both groups of mice. However, the weight of the liver increased significantly in all mice whereas the weight of spleen increased only in VL group. Amastigotes were also seen in all touch preparations prepared from skin sores, spleen and liver. L. donovani strain was isolated from autocutaneous a VL patient first time in Turkey. Animal models using clinical samples were successfully established and important clinical differences of the isolated strains were observed.
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    Synthesis, characterization, single crystal structure and theoretical studies of trans-Ni(II)-complex with dithiophosphonate ligand
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Karakus, Mehmet; Kara, Izzet; Celik, Omer; Orujalipoor, Ilghar; Ide, Semra; Yilmaz, Hamza
    A novel metal-organic planar NiS4 - type complex, trans-Ni(II)-bis[O-(2-butoxyethyl)-(4-methoxyphenyl)dithiophosphonate], was synthesized by the reaction of ammonium salt of O-dithiophosphonic acid with Ni(CH3COO)(2). The crystal structure of Ni(II)-complex was determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. As a result of the X-ray crystal and molecule structure analyses of the studied trans-Ni(II)-complex, it was obtained that the central nickel atom is coordinated by four sulphur atoms in slightly distorted a square-planar geometry. The X-ray structure confirms a trans isomer of the Ni(II)complex. The Ni(II)-complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C12/c1 with unit cell parameters a 22.376(3) (angstrom), b 18.466(3) (angstrom) and c 8.6875(13) (angstrom). In addition, theoretical calculations with the basis set of B3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,p) are performed to determine the structural properties, FT-IR, NMR spectrum, electronic properties and NBO analysis of the compound. The experimental and computed results of the Ni(II)-complex were found to be in good agreement. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.