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Öğe A Cost Examination of Different Structural Systems For Low-Rise Building Construction(Osman SAĞDIÇ, 2022) Khalaf, Murad; Karaşin, Abdulhalim; Karasin, İbrahim BaranEconomy reduces the cost of the resources used to achieve the planned results or outputs of the designed building, considering the appropriate level of quality. In other words, it is to provide the most appropriate input at the lowest cost. The construction cost consists of various stages during the building process. In this study, a comparative study was made in terms of the structural design and initial construction cost of a building assumed to be located in an earthquake zone according to the regulations. A Building which belongs to a reference building of two floors, detached (not surrounded by any building in any side), total area of 566 square meters, without basement. According to this project, which considered as a reference, two different structural alternatives to the building were created. The first alternative is of the masonry building type (besieged masonry building). The supporting walls of these structures are made of cut basalt stone and are surrounded by horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete beams. In this building solid concrete slab system with a thickness of 12 cm was considered. In the second, reinforced concrete considered with the same architectural features as the first structure. Based on TBYD 2018, these two alternatives are taken as the ZB floor class. For each alternative, the quantity cost-based calculation and the material-based calculation were calculated separately. As a result he cost values of the mentioned alternatives have been determined as 752.9 TL/m2 and 553.51 TL/m2, respectively, for the rough construction unit cost for reinforced concrete and masonry models, respectively. The fact that the amount of reinforcement and concrete in the reinforced concrete structure model is relatively higher than in the masonry model has been an important factor in the unit cost.Öğe Betonarme yapılarda kullanılan malzeme modellerinin karşılaştırılması(Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, 2019) Işık, Ercan; Özdemir, Mesut; Karaşin, İbrahim Baran; Karaşin, AbdulhalimMalzeme modelleri yapıların sismik analizlerinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Literatürde, betonarme yapılarda kullanılan malzemelerin gerilme-şekil değiştirme ilişkisini tanımlamak için çeşitli malzeme modelleri bulunmaktadır. Beton ve çelik gibi iki farklı yapı malzemesinin bir arada kullanılması ile elde edilen betonarme yapılarda malzeme modelleri ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Hem beton hem de çelik için kullanılan farklı malzeme modellerinin karşılıklı etkileşimi çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı betonarme yapılarda kullanılan farklı malzeme modellerinin birbirleri ile uyumlu olup olmadığını kontrol etmektir. Bu çalışmada dörder farklı beton ve çelik malzeme modeli dikkate alınarak seçilen iki katlı betonarme bir yapı için hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Her bir malzeme modeli için X ve Y doğrultularında taban kesme kuvveti – deplasman eğrileri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada dikkate alınan malzeme modelleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Farklı malzeme modelleri arasında bir uyum olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu malzeme modellerinin birlikte kullanılabilirliğini ortaya koymuştur.Öğe The comparison of seismic and structural parameters in steel structures for different spectra(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Karaşin, İbrahim Baran; Işık, Ercan; Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Karaşin, Abdulhalim; 0000-0001-8057-065X; 0000-0002-8802-0588; 0000-0001-5990-1215In order to determine the earthquake performance of the buildings, the interactions of many different parameters were considered. These parameters generally include data on the seismicity of the region, local soil conditions, and structural characteristics. In this study, the seismicity factor has been selected as the variable. An eight-storey steel structure with the same local soil and structural characteristics was selected as a sample. Turkey has seven different geographical regions. So, one sample province from every seven different geographical regions of Turkey was taken into consideration which was earthquake hazard is variable. Static adaptive pushover analyzes were performed for the selected steel structure by using special design spectra obtained for each province because this analysis is allowing the use of these spectra. In this study, first of all, the changes in earthquake parameters that will be used to determine the earthquake effects on structures are examined. The results of structural analysis using special design spectra obtained for each province were also examined. This study aims to determine the effect of seismicity risk on both earthquake and structural outcome parameters for steel structures. The design spectra significantly affect the demand displacement of buildings. Therefore, damage estimates and building performance will better reflect real values for the buildings which did not meet the demand displacement.Öğe Depremde hasar gören kırsal yapılar için bir yapısal hasar değerlendirmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2015) Göker, Şeyhmus; Karaşin, AbdulhalimTürkiye coğrafyasının %92'sinin deprem bölgeleri içerisinde olduğu, nüfusunun ise %95'inin deprem tehlikesi altında olduğu bilinmektedir. 2013 nüfus sayımına göre Türkiye nüfusunun %22,7’si kırsalda (belde ve köylerde) yaşamakta ve bu oran Van bölgesinde %50 civarlarını bulmaktadır. Bu önemli noktadan yola çıkılarak 2011 Van Depremleri sonrası bölgede çoğunlukla yığma yapılardan oluşan Erciş ilçesine bağlı yerleşim birimleri incelenmiş ve kırsal alandaki hasar tespit çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Mevcut yığma yapıların aldığı hasarlar belirlenerek, bu yapılar hasarsız, az hasarlı, orta hasarlı ve ağır hasarlı/yıkık olmak üzere dört şekilde kategorize edilmiştir. Her yerleşim birimi için yapılarda meydana gelen hasar tiplerinin toplam hasarlı yapı sayısına oranlanarak, her hasar durumu için ayrı bir yüzde çıkarılmıştır. Bunlar önerilen hasar katsayılarıyla çarpılarak rakamsal bir sonuç elde edilmiştir. Hasar durumlarına göre şiddet değerinin tespit edilebileceği bir skala oluşturulmuştur ve elde edilen sonuç bu skaladan bakılarak şiddet değeri tespit edilmiştir. Böylece bu çalışmada sadece yığma yapı hasarları ölçüt alınarak kırsal yerleşim birimleri için daha nicel alternatif bir yapısal şiddet cetveli oluşturulmuştur.Öğe Dört Ayaklı Minare’nin modellenmesi ve yapısal analizi(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2017) Uğurlu, Murat Arda; Günaslan, Sultan Erdemli; Karaşin, AbdulhalimPek çok medeniyet Türkiye coğrafyasına çok sayıda anıtsal nitelikli kültürel ve mimari eserler olarak önemli yapılar bırakmışlardır. Diyarbakır şehir merkezinin Sur ilçesinde yer alan 16. yüzyılda inşa edilmiş Şeyh Mutahhar camiinin Dört Ayaklı Minaresi de bunlardan biridir. Şüphesiz dört ayaklı minarenin alt bölümünü oluşturan birbirinden bağımsız dört narin ayağı ve üstlerindeki kare en kesitli rijit gövdesi yapının eşsiz olmasını sağlamaktadır. Sismik direnci zayıf narin bir tarihi yapının, yıllar içinde gelişen birkaç çatlak dışında, belirgin yapısal hasarların ortaya çıkmamış olmaması, Diyarbakır şehir merkezinde son 500 yılda önemli bir depremin meydana gelmemiş olduğunun işareti olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı minarede bulunan sebebi henüz bilinmeyen yapısal çatlakların nedenini araştırmak ve paket programlar yardımıyla sütunlar ve zemin arasındaki ilişkiyi de göz önünde bulundurarak minarenin makro modeli oluşturulmuştur. Öte yandan zemin hareketleri ve malzeme özellikleri de hesaba katılmış minarenin analitik modeline üç boyutta etkitilip olası etkiler de tartışılmıştır.Öğe The Effect of basalt aggregates and mineral admixtures on the mechanical properties of concrete exposed to sulphate attacks(MDPI, 2022) Karaşin, Abdulhalim; Hadzima-Nyarko, Marijana; Işık, Ercan; Doğruyol, Murat; Karaşin, İbrahim Baran; Czarnecki, SlawomirIn this study, basalt, which is common around Diyarbakir province (Turkey), is used as concrete aggregate, waste materials as mineral additives and Portland cement as binding material to prepare concrete mixes. This paper aims to determine the proper admixture levels and usability of Diyarbakir basalt in concrete mixtures based on mechanical, physical and chemical tests. Thus, in order to determine the strength and durability performance of concrete mixtures with Diyarbakir basalt as aggregate, 72 sample cubes of 150 mm were prepared in three groups: mineral-free admixture (MFA), 10% of cement amount substituted for silica fume (SFS) and 20% for fly ash (FAS) as waste material. The samples were exposed to water curing and 100g/L sulphate solution to determine the loss in weight of the concrete cubes and compressive strength was examined at the end of 7, 28 and 360 days of the specimens. Analysis of the microstructure and cracks that influence durability, were also performed to determine effects of sulphate attacks alkali-silica reactions on the specimens using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A loss in weight of the concrete cubes and compressive strength was distinctly evident at the end of 56 and 90 days in both acids.Öğe The effect of voids on flexural capacity of reinforced concrete slabs(Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2023) Kıpçak, Fırat; Erdil, Barış; Tapan, Mucip; Karaşin, AbdulhalimThe voided reinforced concrete slab system is mainly produced with polyester foam placed mostly at the bottom of the slab. The aim of the voids is to reduce the weight of the slab. In this paper behavior of the voided reinforced concrete slabs in which voids placed at the mid-height of the slab cross-section, is examined analytically. A series of models were created to come up with a lightweight slab. Two distinct slab models were analyzed using the ABAQUS software. In the first group, slabs had three layers, in which bottom and top layers were of solid reinforced concrete, but the mid layer was of voided unreinforced concrete. In the second layer, in order to increase the contact between top and bottom layers of the slab, crossties were utilized, and the mid layer was reinforced accordingly. Since all the layers were 5 cm thick, the total thickness of the slabs were 15 cm. Slabs were 100 cm wide and 200 cm long. They were simulated the three-point bending test. Concrete damaged plasticity material model (CDPM) for concrete and elastoplastic material model for steel was selected. From the results it was found that moment capacity decreased with the increase in the volume of the voids. There was a sudden decrease in strength after reaching the yield strength in voided slab without a crosstie. In addition, crossties enabled the reduction of the weight of the slabs without significant decrease in moment capacity.Öğe Effect of waste steel fiber use on concrete behavior at high temperature(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Doğruyol, Murat; Ayhan, Ersin; Karaşin, AbdulhalimRecently, recycling of waste vehicle tyres which pose a significant risk to environmental health has become an important research issue due to environmental concerns worldwide. To handle the waste tyre pollution problem, recycling waste into new products and using waste to improve other materials’ properties can be considered. Waste vehicle tyres can be used in the production of energy and various materials, providing economic and environmental advantages. In this study, experimental studies were carried out on the use of waste tyre steel fiber (WS) obtained from the recycling of heavy vehicle tyres in concrete, including the goal of recycling and reducing the need for raw materials. In one experimental group, waste tyre steel was added to concrete at 0.4% by volume instead of fine aggregate, while in the other experimental group it was added at 0.8% by volume. In the study, in addition to mechanical analyses, many microanalysis experiments were carried out to understand whether there was a strong relationship between the results. The study was conducted at target temperatures of 400, 600 and 800 °C depending on the fire scenario for building and construction materials according to ISO 834 and ASTM E119 standards. Compressive strength losses and characterization changes in 15 cm cube plain concrete and composite concrete specimens exposed to targeted high temperatures for 60 minutes were compared in terms of strength. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was also performed, as it was understood that there was not enough data in the literature regarding waste tyre steel fiber reinforced concrete. General results showed that fiber-added concrete made significant contributions to concrete performance at high temperatures. © 2024 The AuthorsÖğe The efficacy of infill walls as equivalent compressive struts in Turkish seismic codes(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Karaşin, Abdulhalim; Işık, Ercan; Karaşin, İbrahim BaranAdvancements in engineering and architectural design have significantly impacted the assessment of seismic codes, with technology playing a crucial role in this area. Turkiye has had its own seismic code since 1940, and it has undergone 10 revisions over the years. The most recent version, the Turkiye Building Earthquake Code TBEC2018, introduces numerous improvements and advancements in earthquake calculating methodologies. Notably, the 2018 code introduces a new requirement where the relative floor displacement is directly related to the position of infill walls, highlighting the significance of infill walls in mitigating earthquake forces. In this study the 3D model of a three-story reinforced concrete school building was generated using SAP2000 software to represent the infill walls as the bare frame models. The study involved designing infill walls as compression struts and analyzing their behavior under lateral earthquake loads using linear analysis methods. As infill walls were considered to braced modelled in the analysis, the stiffness of the structure increased and the first natural vibration period decreased significantly. The study also compared the structural parameters for the last two building codes (TSC 2007 and TBEC 2018) to determine the sensitivity of infilled walls. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Öğe Examination of structures built with tunnel formwork in terms of strength and cost according to the earthquake regulations of 2007 and 2018(Hindawi LTD, 2021) Dilek, Yılmaz; Karaşin, AbdulhalimTurkey has always been exposed to active fault lines passing through and unpredictable seismic activities. These ground movements have always been one of the important issues in our country, which have led to great destruction and loss of lives and property in its past. For this reason, our earthquake regulations, which aim to design more accurately against earthquake movements, are continuously made improvements. In this study, the analysis of structures built with tunnel formwork system which is popular today with the new earthquake regulations entered into force in 2018, and the strength and cost according to the old earthquake regulation in terms of what differences will occur. In addition to the study, we investigated how the number of floors and regular floor plans affects the results. For this purpose, two types of structures were covered with 5, 10, and 15 storey models created, first in the 2007 earthquake regulation; then, in the 2018 earthquake regulation, design analysis was carried out. As a result, the new earthquake regulation, which came into force in 2018, led to more realistic results as it provides more accurate environmental inputs used in design analysis. Earthquake loads affecting floors increased by 3.9% for 5 storey in regular structures, decreasing by 38.4% for 10 stories and 43.3% for 15 stories. More irregular structures increased 7.3% for 5 storey, 10-storey structures decreased by 38.9%, and 15-storey structures decreased by 43.6%. In terms of cost, there was a 0.07% increase in total cost in 5-storey buildings, 2.45% in 10-storey buildings, and a 3.91% reduction in 15-storey buildings. In addition to these results, an empirical formula that estimates m(2) prices depending on the number of floors was obtained.Öğe Experimental confirmation for the validity of Ritz method in structural dynamic analysis(Polish Society of Theoretical and Allied Mechanics, 2014) Aktaş, Gültekin; Karaşin, AbdulhalimThe issue of Ritz vectors and their advantages is well-known in the field of structural engineering. This study deals with Ritz analysis and its experimental support. To that end, two different precast concrete molds were handled. Experiments were performed under vibration with the use of a computer-based data acquisition system. Transducers were used to measure displacement histories on the mold. Three dimensional finite element (3D FEM) simulation modeling of the concrete mold was carried out to obtain deflection histories on the mold. The computed displacement histories were compared with the experimental testing results. The comparisons show that the experimental and numerical results are compatible.Öğe Field reconnaissance and structural assessment of the October 30, 2020, Samos, Aegean Sea earthquake: an example of severe damage due to the basin effect(Springer, 2022) Onat, Onur; Yön, Burak; Öncü, Mehmet Emin; Varolgüneş, Sadık; Karaşin, Abdulhalim; Cemalgil, SelimAn earthquake with a magnitude ranging from Mw = 6.9 (KOERI) to Mw = 7.0 (USGS) struck Samos Island in the Aegean Sea on October 30, 2020, with an epicentre 70 kms from the Izmir city centre in Turkey. The earthquake took place at 14:51 local time (11:51 UTC). The peak ground acceleration (PGA) of this earthquake was recorded to be 0.179 g at the epicentre of the earthquake. This earthquake occurred at a depth of 17.26 km (AFAD (2020) Izmir Earthquake Report, (In Turkish)) and lasted 16 s. The main shock from the earthquake triggered a tsunami that hit the building stocks built near the coast. During the gradual deregulation of COVID-19 pandemic regulations, various events caused considerable damage to the building stock, particularly in the Izmir Seferihisar and Bayrakli regions and resulted in a massive disruption of daily habits. The main shock caused 117 deaths in both Turkey and Greece, and 1632 people were also injured in Turkey. Moreover, several injuries occurred in Greece. A total of 103 buildings collapsed, 700 were severely damaged, 814 buildings were moderately damaged, and 7889 were slightly damaged. The basic aim of this paper is to briefly present the past and present seismotectonic characteristics of the region, present building stock, and former structural conditions before the earthquake, assess structural performance and classify distinguished earthquake-induced failures and damage due to the basin effect.Öğe Investigation of the behaviour of a reinforced concrete frame structure according to two different earthquake regulations in the Siirt region(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Ayhan, Ersin; Doğruyol, Murat; Karaşin, Abdulhalim; 0000-0003-0406-7854; 0000-0002-8802-0588The Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation (2018TBEC), which was put into effect in January 2019, was published in the Official Gazette in 2018, so the 2007 Turkish Earthquake Regulation (2007TSC), which was in effect before, was updated and the old version was terminated. With the updating of 2007TSC, naturally different results emerge in the design principles of all reinforced concrete structures. Within the scope of the study, the numerical results of the soil parameters of one location of real estate, for which ground studies were carried out in the Siirt region according to both 2007 TSC and 2018 TBEC, and earthquake parameters obtained according to 2 separate regulations were applied to a reinforced concrete 5-storey frame structure. The differences in the regulations on the structural behaviour in terms of the soil and earthquake parameters were evaluated through the SAP 2000 analysis program. The strength and displacement capacities of the 5-storey reinforced concrete structure were evaluated by comparing them according to the 2007 TSC and 2018 TBEC earthquake regulations by using Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis.Öğe Mevcut betonarme binaların deprem performanslarının basitleştirilmiş deplasman tabanlı bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesi(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2024) Ceylan, Harun; Karaşin, Abdulhalim; Erdil, BarışMevcut binaların deprem performanslarının belirlenmesinde deprem etkisiyle elemanların her iki ucunda oluşan dönmeleri tahmin etmek zor ve karmaşık bir iştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada deprem etkisiyle eleman uçlarında oluşan göreli kat ötelemeleri temelli daha basit formülasyonlar ile bina performansının tahmin edilmesinde güvenilir bir yöntem geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında farklı kat adetine, farklı malzeme dayanımlarına ve aynı plana sahip düzgün geometride olan 4 adet betonarme bina tasarlanmış, ayrıca 3 adet mevcut betonarme bina ele alınmıştır. 7 adet bina yaygın olarak yapısal analizler için kullanılan SAP2000 v20, Sta4CAD v14.1, İdeCAD v10 ve ProtaStructure2022 programları ile modellenerek doğrusal performans analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen veriler TBDY2018’de mevcut binaların deprem performanslarının belirlenmesi amacıyla verilen deprem hesabına ilişkin genel ilke ve kurallar çerçevesinde, oluşturulan deplasman temelli formülasyonlara işlenmiş ve incelenen binalardaki kolonların hasar durumları belirlenmiştir. Önerilen yönteme göre belirlenen kolon hasar durumları ile TBDY2018’de belirtilen hesap ilkelerine göre yapılan el hesabı sonucu belirlenen kolon hasar bölgeleri arasındaki uyumun her iki asal yönde de %100 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca önerilen yöntemin ele alınan diğer statik paket programlardan elde edilen sonuçlara nazaran bina performansının tespitinde daha güvenli tarafta kalmasının yanı sıra incelenen paket programlarla da genel olarak uyumlu olduğu söylenebilir.Öğe Suriçi’ndeki çok katlı yığma binaların 2007 deprem yönetmeliğine göre değerlendirilmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2017) Özbek, Ozan; Akyıldız, Mehmet Hayrullah; Öncü, Mehmet Emin; Çetin, Senem Yılmaz; Karaşin, AbdulhalimYığma yapılar taş, tuğla, kerpiç, briket, ahşap gibi yapı malzemelerinin üst üste yerleştirilip kendi ağırlıkları ile ya da harç ile birleştirilerek duvar, kemer, kubbe, tonoz, sütun gibi taşıyıcı elemanlar oluşturması şeklindeki yapılardan oluşmaktadır. Geleneksel yığma sisteminin düşey taşıyıcı elemanlarının deprem yükleri olarak yanal yükler altındaki dirençleri, betonarme veya çelik yapıların düşey taşıyıcı elemanlarının deprem yükleri altındaki dirençlerine göre çok daha zayıf olmaktadır. Türkiye’nin doğusu önemli iki fay zonunun, Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu (DAFZ) ve Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu (KAFZ), kesişimi üzerinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma zayıf deprem direnci nedeni ile Diyarbakır'da afet potansiyeline sahip mevcut çok katlı yığma binaların değerlendirilmesini kapsamaktadır. İncelenen binalarda, yürürlükteki deprem yönetmeliğinde gerek yapım tarihindeki şartnamelere gerekse yürürlükteki deprem yönetmeliğindeki yığma binalar için konstrüktif koşulları çok büyük bir oranda karşılamadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
