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Öğe Hepatitis A seroprevalence in a random sample of the Turkish population by simultaneous EPI cluster and comparison with surveys in Turkey(Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 2002) Kanra G.; Tezcan S.; Badur S.; Turkish National Study Team; Alp H.; Bulut A.; Şükrü C.This study was conducted to determine the hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence in nine provinces representative of Turkey as a whole. These provinces are representative of the country's geographical location, and demographic, economic and social characteristics. In each province, sample sizes were determined using published data on HAV seroprevalence, and sample sizes for each province and for the cluster were calculated for each group of subjects under the age of 30 for seroprevalence estimates within a 95% confidence interval. The samples were selected by a cluster method, and the planned recruitment was a total of 4,800 subjects, including 600 subjects each from five large provinces (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Diyarbakir) and 450 subjects from each of the remaining four provinces (Samsun, Erzurum, Trabzon, Edirne). These numbers were distributed in accordance with the percentages for age groups in five-year increments starting from age five for the population under the age of 30 living in the rural and urban areas in each province. This study of 4,462 subjects under the age of 30 in nine provinces of Turkey identified an overall HAV seroprevalence rate of 71.3%. The distribution of HAV seroprevalences by age showed a steady increase from one year of age from 42.7% to 91.1% at 25-29 years of age. HAV seroprevalence was slightly higher in female subjects (73%) than in male subjects (69.3%). By educational status, seroprevalences were comparable except in young children under age six. Seroprevalence was notably higher in large families with six and more members (80.1%) than in small families with five or fewer members (66.7%). According to our study results, 50% of Tarkish children are seropositive for HAV by the age of 10 years. We believe the date support the need for a routine primary immunization policy in Turkey and the development of effective prophylactic programs after possible exposure. Consequently, an immunization policy can be developed for each region according to its epidemiological conditions. © 2002, Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.Öğe Hepatitis B and measles seroprevalence among Turkish children(2005) Kanra G.; Tezcan S.; Badur S.; Alp H.; Bulut A.; Cin S.; Mocan G.This study was performed to determine hepatitis B and measles seroprevalence among the population under 30 years of age in Turkey. Blood samples of 2,683 subjects from eight provinces of Turkey were studied. Measles IgG was determined by hemagglutinin inhibition method, and hepatitits B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) were determined by ELISA method. Overall seropositivity for measles was found to be 59.6%. There was a significant difference in seropositivity among provinces. The seropositivity was found to increase with age. The overall seropositivities for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were found to be 5.4%, 17% and 15.1 %, respectively. The seroprevalences differed significantly among provinces. Although seroprevalence for anti-HBs and anti-HBc increased with age, HBsAg seropositivity did not change significantly after one year of age. Seroprevalence was not affected by sex. It was concluded that every effort should be given to vaccinate infants as early as possible for hepatitis B and that the coverage of infancy measles vaccination should be increased with a second dose.Öğe Respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology in Turkey(2005) Kanra G.; Tezcan S.; Yilmaz G.; Acunas B.; Aslan Ş.; Aslan Y.; Belet N.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of RSV among high-risk children admitted with respiratory symptoms in a developing country. This is a multicenter study conducted among children less than 24 months of age and admitted to the hospital with respiratory symptoms. The inclusion criteria included: lower respiratory tract symptoms on admission, gestational age less than 35 weeks, and admission age less than six months, or children less than 24 months of age with a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring medical treatment or intervention during the last six months or with an uncorrected congenital heart disease (other than patent ductus arteriosus). Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained with one of the three standard methods: nasopharyngeal aspirate, nasopharyngeal wash or nasopharyngeal swab. RSV antigen was determined by enzyme immunoassay using Abbott TESTPACK RSV (No. 8100/2027-16). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and chi-square test. In this study, 332 children (135 females, 40.7%; 197 males, 59.3%) were included, and the nasopharyngeal specimens of 98 (29.5%) children were determined to be RSV-positive. There were no differences in sex, age of gestation, age of admission, family education, number of siblings and smoking at home for RSV-positive and -negative cases. Furthermore, underlying disease and duration of hospital and intensive care unit stay were similar among groups. Only otitis media was more common among RSV-positive cases. No fatality at hospital was recorded. Frozen samples revealed more negative results. Most cases presented during winter and the number of RSV-positive cases was higher in cold and economically poor areas. Premature children and children with underlying medical con dition acquire RSV irrespective of other sociodemographic risk factors, and most of them are hospitalized. Thus, an RSV vaccine seems the most effective mode of protection to decrease morbidity and mortality.
