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Öğe Bazı Salvia (Ada Çayı) Türlerinin HPLC-IT-TOF-MS ile Taranması, Sekonder Metabolitlerinin Saflaştırılması ve Antikanser Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi(2018) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Temel, Hamdi; Topçu, Gülaçtı; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Kolak, UfukArazi çalışmaları sonucu toplanan 6 Salvia türünün ön biyolojik aktivite deneylerinde kullanılmak üzere kloroform ve etanol ekstreleri hazırlandı. Bu 12 ekstreden aktif çıkan etanol ekstrelerinden saf madde izolasyonuna gidilmiştir. Özellikle izolasyon çalışmaları için klorofil ve türevleri çok ciddi problemlere yol açmaktadır. En azından kök ksımlarının ekstreleri hazırlanarak izolasyon çalışmalarında klorofil ve türevlerinin neden olacağı problemlerin önüne geçilmesi düşünülmüştür. Toplanan türlerin LC-MS/MS ile fenolik içeriklerinin tespiti için çeşitli kısımlarının etanol ekstreleri hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu türlerin yağ asidi bileşimini GC-MS ile belirlemek için petrol eteri ekstreleri hazırlandı. Bunlara ilaveten 3 yıl boyunca toplanan örneklerin uçucu yağı elde edilmiştir. 3 yıl boyunca toplanan örneklerin GC-MS ile uçucu yağ ve aroma içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan türlerin uçucu yağ verimlerinin, aroma ve uçucu yağ içeriklerinin yıllara bağlı olarak çok değişmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca aroma ve uçucu yağ içeriklerinin daha çok monoterpenler bakımından zengin olduğu saptanmıştır. Yine GC-MS ile belirlenen yağ asidi içeriğinin de yıllara bağlı olarak çok değişmediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Salvia türlerine özgü 19 bileşik ile yeni bir metot geliştirilerek valide edilmiştir. Üç yıl toplanan örneklerin bu bileşikler bakımından içerik tayinleri yine LC-MS/MS ile tespit edilmiştir. Çalışılan Salvia türlerinin çeşitli kısımlarının farklı ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoit miktarları belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan tüm ekstrelerin 4 farklı yöntemle antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan 6 Salvia türünün aktivite sonuçlarına baktığımızda genel olarak petrol eteri ekstrelerinin daha çok sadece ?-Karoten-linoleik asit yönteminde etanol ekstrelerinin ise kullanılan 4 yöntemde de aktif olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalıştığımız 6 Salvia türünün kloroform ve etanol ekstrelerinin sitotoksik aktivitesi MTT metoduna göre 3 hücre serisine karşı belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan 12 ekstrenin sonuçları genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde ancak yüksek konsantrasyonlarda HT29 ve MCF7 hücre serilerine karşı sitotoksik etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ekstrelerin sitotoksik etkilerinin düşük antioksidan etkilerinin yüksek çıkmasından dolayı izolasyon çalışmalarının antiokisdan kontrolü ile yapılmasına karar verilmiştir. Etanol ekstrelerinin kloroform ekstrelerine göre daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite göstermelerinden dolayı saf madde izolasyonuna bu ekstrelerden gidilmiştir. 5 Türden (Toprak üstü ve kök olmak üzere) hazırlanan 10 ekstre kolon kromatografisi ile fraksiyonlara ayrılmıştır. Bu fraksiyonlardan antioksidan aktiviteleri yüksek çıkanlardan izolasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. İzolasyon çalışmalarında 4?ü yeni olmak üzere toplam 52 bileşik elde edilmiştir. İzole edilen maddelerin antioksidan ve sitotoksik aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak preperatif HPLC ile elde edilen maddelerin çok yüksek bir antiokidan kapasitye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Özellikle yüksek miktarda elde edilen 6,7-dehidroroyleanon bileşiğinin ve türevi olan asetil royleanon bileşiklerinin elde edilen terpenler içinde en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapısı bilinen maddelerden triterpen yapısında olan ursolik asit ve diterpen yapısında olan 6,7-dehidroroyleanon, asetil royleanon, ferruginol ve kriptanol bileşiklerinin yüksek bir sitotoksik potansiyele sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ilk defa tarafımızdan saflaştırılıp yapısı tayin edilen 5 bileşik ise orta derece antioksidan aktivite gösterirken çok yüksek sitotoksik etki gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Western Blot sonuçlarına göre çalışılan 5 türün de majör bileşiği olan rozmarinik asidin MCF-7 ve HT-29 hücre serisi üzerinde, metot validasyonu için standart olarak alınan kriptotanşinon bileşiğinin ise kanserli MCF-7 hücre serisi üzerinde umut verici sonuçlar verdiği görülmektedir.Öğe Biological and chemical comparison of natural and cultivated samples of satureja macrantha C.A.Mey(ACG Publications, 2021) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Fırat, Mehmet; Reşitoğlu, Barış; Haşimi, Nesrin; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Demirköz, Aslı Barla; Kolak, Ufuk; Öksuz, SevilAbstract: In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivated Satureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S. macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biological activities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results, terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of the naturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinene hydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivated samples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mg analyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivated sample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated sample was found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples were determined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions, and soil structure.Öğe Biosynthesis, characterization, and investigation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of silver nanoparticles using Solanum tuberosum peel aqueous extract(Elsevier Ltd., 2023) Xu, Jiajun; Yıldıztekin, Mahmut; Han, Dayong; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Ava, Canan Aytuğ; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünMetallic nanoparticle biosynthesis is thought to offer opportunities for a wide range of biological uses. The green process of turning biological waste into utilizable products gaining attention due to its economical and eco-friendly approach in recent years. This study reported the ability of Solanum tuberosum (ST) peel extract to the green synthesis of non-toxic, stable, small-sized silver nanoparticles without any toxic reducing agent utilizing the phytochemical components present in its structure. UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, flourier scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis X-ray confirmed the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles. Also, dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric analyses showed stable synthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against four different bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and a yeast, Candida albicans (C. albicans) using the minimum inhibitory concentration technique. The cytotoxic activities were determined against Human dermal fibroblast (HDF), glioblastoma (U118), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), and human ovarian (Skov-3) cell lines cancer cells using MTT test. The nanoparticle capping agents that could be involved in the reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs and their stabilization was identified using FTIR. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a size ranging from 3.91 to 27.07 nm, showed crystalline nature, good stability (−31.3 mV), and the presence of capping agents. ST-Ag NPs significantly decreased the growth of bacterial strains after treatment. The in vitro analysis showed that the ST-Ag NPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cell lines. Based on the data, it is feasible to infer that biogenic Ag NPs were capped with functional groups and demonstrated considerable potential as antibacterial and anticancer agents for biomedical and industrial applications.Öğe Diyabetik Sıçanların Testis Dokusunda VEGF ve Bcl-2 Ekspresyon Düzeylerinin İmmünohistokimya ve Western Blot Yöntemleri İle İncelenmesi(2016) Deveci, Engin; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünAmaç: Bu çalışmada diyabetik sıçanların tetis dokusunda anjiogenezi ve vasküler geçirgenliği stimule eden vasküler endotel büyüme faktörünün (VEGF) ve apoptozis regülasyonunda önemli bir rol oynayan B-cell lymphoma-2' nin (Bcl-2) ekspresyon düzeylerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 20 adet erişkin Wistar albino sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar kontrol ve Diabetes mellitus (DM) olmak üzere 2 eşit gruba ayrıldı. DM oluşturmak için sitrat tamponunda çözülmüş tek doz Streptozotosin (STZ) (55mg/kg) intraperitoneal olarak verildi. %10' luk formaldehit solüsyonuna atılan testis dokuları rutin parafin takiplerinden sonra histopatolojik olarak incelendi. VEGF ve Bcl-2 protein düzeyleri immünohistokimya ve Western Blot yöntemleriyle ölçüldü. Bulgular: Diyabetik gruba ait spermatik hücrelerin bazılarında dejenerasyon, çekirdekte küçülme ve yer yer piknosis gözlendi. Diyabet sonucu Sertoli hücrelerinde yapısal değişiklikler saptanırken, tubuller arasındaki damarlarda dilatasyon ve hemoraji gözlendi. Diyabetin etkisi ile testis dokusunda VEGF ekspresyonunun bloke olduğu, Bcl-2 ekspresyonunun ise azaldığı saptandı. Sonuç: Diyabetik testis dokularında VEGF ekspresyonunun bloke olmasının yetersiz anjiogenez ve vasküler permeabiliteye neden olabileceği olasıdır. Ayrıca diyabetik testis dokularında anti-apoptotik protein olan Bcl-2 ekspresyonundaki azalmanın diyabetin testiküler dokuda apotozis regülasyonunun bozulmasına neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir.Öğe Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ananas comosus fruit peels: Anticancer and antimicrobial activities(Hindawi LTD, 2022) Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Huseynova, Irada; Khalilov, Rovshan; Eftekhari, Aziz; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Kavak, Deniz EvrimMetallic nanoparticles are valuable materials and have a range of uses. Nanoparticles synthesized from plant wastes by environment-friendly methods have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Also, the advantages of biological resources and synthesis methods are attracting attention. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Ananas comosus fruit peels using ecofriendly method steps. The characterization of the particles obtained was determined by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), Fourier scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance at 463 nm, measuring 11.61 in crystal nanosize, and presented spherical in appearance. An antimicrobial activity test was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. The nanoparticles showed promising inhibitory activity on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27833 bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast) at low concentrations. The cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on different cancer cell lines were examined via the MTT assay.Öğe Ecofriendly/Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of waste parts of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and evaluation of their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities(Hindawi Limited, 2021) Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Valiyeva, Mahbuba; Mehraliyeva, Sevil; Khalilov, Rovshan; Eftekhari, AzizRecycling wastes and providing their use in useful fields attract attention every day. In our study, with the extract prepared from the parts of the Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) plant that is not suitable for human consumption, silver nanoparticles were easily synthesized in an ec-friendly, energy-free way. Characterization of the obtained nanoparticles was done with a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis data. In these data, it was determined that AgNPs have a maximum absorbance at 458.8 nm wavelength, a crystal nanosize of 28.78 nm, and a spherical appearance. The zeta potential of (-) 16.9 mV indicates that silver nanoparticles exhibit a stable structure. Particles show antimicrobial effects on pathogenic species at concentrations of 0.03-0.25 μg/ml, and it was determined by using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) microdilution method. By examining their cytotoxic effects on U118, CaCo-2, and Skov-3 cancer cell lines and healthy HDF cell lines by the MTT method, concentrations of inhibitive effects on survival were determined.Öğe Effects of electroporation on anticancer activity of 5-FU and newly synthesized zinc(II) complex in chemotherapy-resistance human brain tumor cells(Humana Press INC, 2021) Alkış, Mehmet Eşref; Turan, Nevin; Alan, Yusuf; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Buldurun, KenanZn(II) complex of Schiff base derived from the condensation of 4-aminopyrimidine-2(1H)-one with salicylaldehyde was prepared and characterized by various physico-chemical and spectral methods for structure determination. The cytotoxic activity of the Zn(II) complex was investigated in comparison with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against two different human brain tumor cell lines (T98G and U118), while primer human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) was used as control for biocompatibility. Then, the effectiveness of electroporation (EP) on cytotoxic activities of these compounds has been examined. The cytotoxicities of the 5-FU and new Zn(II) complex, alone or in combination with electroporation, were determined by MTT assay. The Zn(II) complex showed good cytotoxicity against T98G and U118 brain tumor cell lines with IC50 = 282.47 and 297.91 mu M respectively, while it was safe on HDF healthy cells with IC50 = 826.72 mu M. The 5-FU exhibited less cytotoxicity compared to the Zn(II) complex against T98G (IC50 = 382.35 mu M) and U118 (IC50 = 396.56 mu M) tumor cell lines. The combined application of Zn (II) + EP decreased the IC50 value by 5.96-fold in T98G cells and 4.76-fold in U118 cells. EP showed a similar effect in its combined application with 5-FU, resulting in a decrease of the IC50 value of 4.22-fold in the T98G cells and 3.84-fold in the U118 cells. In a conclusion, the Zn(II) complex exhibited an anticancer potential against both brain tumor cell lines (T98G and U118) and EP greatly increased the cytotoxicity of Zn(II) complex and 5-FU on these chemotherapy-resistant cells.Öğe Green synthesis, characterization of gold nanomaterials using gundelia tournefortii leaf extract, and determination of their nanomedicinal (Antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic) potential(Hindawi LTD, 2022) Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Adican, Mehmet Tevfik; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Yavuz, Ömer; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünIntroduction. Fighting against cancer and antibiotic resistance are important challenges of healthcare systems, and developing new treatment methods has become the most concentrated area of researchers. Method and Materials. Green synthesis, characterization, and some biological activities of gold nanomaterials (AuNPs) obtained with Gundelia tournefortii (kenger) leaf extract were investigated in this study. Fourier scanning electron microscope, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, and Zetasizer instrument data were used to elucidate the structures of nanoparticles. Results. The maximum surface plasmon resonance was observed at 532.15 nm after 1 hour. With the powder XRD model, the mean cubic crystallite size was determined as 23.53 nm. It was observed that the shapes of the obtained AuNPs were spherical, and the dimensions were 5-40 nm and hexagonal. Surface charges (-27 mV) and average size (365.3 nm) of gold nanoparticles were measured with a zeta analyzer. Conclusion. The suppressive effects of AuNPs on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and healthy and cancer cell lines were determined using the MIC and MTT methods, respectively.Öğe Influence of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on chemotherapy and electrochemotherapy efficacy in human Caco-2 colon cancer cells(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Alkış, Mehmet Eşref; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünAlthough chemotherapy (CT) has some adverse effects on healthy tissues and cells, it is widely preferred for treating patients with cancer. Drug resistance is one of the major impediments to successful cancer treatment. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a technique where cancer cells are rendered permeable to medications. Thanks to this permeability, the dose of the medication required for cancer treatment decreases. Our aim in this study is to examine the effects of short-term extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on CT and ECT treatments in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. The Caco-2 cancer cells were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 50 mu M) and ECT (strength:1125 V/cm, duration:100 mu s, frequency:1 Hz), alone as well as in combinations with ELF-MF (4 mT, 10 min). MTT assay was used to determine the efficacy of the treatments. Our findings in the study showed that ECT was much more successful than 5-FU treatment alone in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Application of 4 mT ELF-MF after CT significantly increased the viability of the Caco-2 cancer cells compared to the CT group alone (p < .05). An increase in the viability of cells treated with 4 mT after ECT was observed compared to ECT alone. Similarly, there was an increase in the viability of cells treated with MF prior to ECT treatment (p < .05). The results show that exposure to ELF-MF at 4 mT flux density significantly reduces CT and ECT treatment efficacy in Caco-2 colon cancer cells.Öğe Investigation of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 mRNA Expression Levels in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients(Harran Üniversitesi, 2023) Tekin, Mehmet Ali; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünBackground: In this study, we aimed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and the effects of TNF-?/MAPK and IL-1ß/NFkB signaling pathways on the regulation of the expression of these genes. Materials and Methods: 15 PsO and 15 PsA patients and 15 healthy individuals (control) were included in the study. After PBMCs were isolated from venous blood, ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 mRNA expression levels were measured by Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: It was found that ADAMTS9 mRNA expression in PBMCs did not change between groups, while the level of ADAMTS15 mRNA expression increased significantly in the PsA group compared to the control and PsO gro-ups. ADAMTS9 expression was observed not changed in the control and PsA groups in response to TNF-? stimula-tion, but decreased in the PsO group. However; TNF-? stimulation led to an increase in ADAMTS15 expression in the control group but did not change in the PsO and PsA groups. It has been revealed that the formation of TNF-? response and related changes in ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS15 expressions were regulated by MAP kinase genes (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK). ADAMTS9 expression was determined not affected by IL-1ß stimulation, however; ADAMTS15 mRNA expression was decreased only in the PsA group. In addition, NFkB signaling molecule was involved in the formation of the IL-1ß response and the regulation of ADAMTS15 expression. Conclusions: ADAMTS15 expression increased in PBMCs of PsA patients is regulated by the IL-1ß/NFkB signaling pathway. An increase in ADAMTS15 mRNA expressin level may play a role in PsA pathogenesis. Furthermore, the expression level of ADAMTS15 has a potential to be used as an important biomarker in monitoring the risk of PsA development for PsO patients.Öğe Investigation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties and specification of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from cicer arietinum L. green leaf extract(Frontiers Media SA, 2022) Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Yavuz, Ömer; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünUsing biological materials to synthesize metallic nanoparticles has become a frequently preferred method by researchers. This synthesis method is both fast and inexpensive. In this study, an aqueous extract obtained from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (CA) leaves was used in order to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For specification of the synthesized AgNPs, UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and zeta potential (ZP) analyses data were used. Biologically synthesized AgNPs demonstrated a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 417.47 nm after 3 h. With the powder XRD model, the mean crystallite dimension of nanoparticles was determined as 12.17 mm with a cubic structure. According to the TEM results, the dimensions of the obtained silver nanoparticles were found to be 6.11-9.66 nm. The ZP of the electric charge on the surface of AgNPs was measured as -19.6 mV. The inhibition effect of AgNPs on food pathogen strains and yeast was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. AgNPs demonstrated highly effective inhibition at low concentrations especially against the growth of B. subtilis (0.0625) and S. aureus (0.125) strains. The cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on cancerous cell lines (CaCo-2, U118, Sk-ov-3) and healthy cell lines (HDF) were revealed. Despite the increase of AgNPs used against cancerous and healthy cell lines, no significant decrease in the percentage of viability was detected.Öğe Investigation of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of 63 compounds obtained from Salvia species: Promising anticancer agents(Wiley, 2022) Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Fidan, Hilal Saruhan; Yener, İsmail; Mete, Nuriye; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Topçu, Gülaçtı; Kolak, UfukSince ancient time, Salvia L. species have been commonly used to treat colds, bronchitis, tuberculosis, heart diseases, and menstrual and digestive disorders in traditional medicine all around the world. They have been also used as tea and spice. Studies indicated that diterpenes and triterpenes isolated from Salvia species possess various pharmacological and biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and hepatotoxic activities. Flavones were also shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials. Salvia extracts also exhibit anti-Alzheimer, antiseptic, cardiovascular, antihypertensive, and antituberculous effects. To investigate the effects of 63 secondary metabolites from Salvia species on cell viability and apoptosis, Salvia secondary metabolites including 25 phenolics, 4 fatty acids, 19 abietane diterpenoids, 12 triterpenoids, and three steroids were examined on healthy cell line (PDF), breast cancer (MCF-7), and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines using MTT method. In addition, the effects of rosmarinic acid, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, acetyl royleanone, ferruginol, carnosic acid, carnosol, cryptotanshinone, beta-sitosterol, and ursolic acid on pro-apoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression levels were investigated by Western Blot method. Practical applications Phenolic compounds (apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin) and diterpenes (especially dihydrotanshinone I, carnosic acid, and carnosol), and almost all of the triterpenes exhibited high toxic effects on healthy cell line. Cytotoxic effects of cryptotanshinone, 12-hydroxy abieta-1,3,5(10),8,11,13-hexaene, 12-demethylmulticauline, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, acetyl royleanone, ferruginol, ursolic acid, and 3-acetyl lupeol were relatively higher than their toxic effects. Acetyl royleanone, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, carnosic acid, and cryptotanshinone were found to have anticancer potential based on their modulating effects on the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins which play important roles in the regulation of apoptosis. The results of the present study showed that acetyl royleanone, cryptotanshinone, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, carnosic acid, and cryptotanshinone have potential to be used in the pharmaceutical industryÖğe The nephroprotective effect of Quercetin in Cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity might be associated with MAPK/ERK and NF-κB signal modulation activity(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Şeker, Uğur; Kavak, Deniz Evrim; Dokumacı, Fatma Zehra; Kızıldağ, Sefa; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünThe present study aimed to examine the protective effect of quercetin (QUE) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced nephrotoxicity. For that purpose, 24 mice were divided into four groups (Control, QUE, CTX, and CTX + QUE). The CTX and CTX + QUE groups received 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide on the 1st and 7th days. The QUE and CTX + QUE groups were treated with 50 mg/kg of quercetin daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and kidney samples were analyzed. The results indicated that CTX leads to severe morphological degenerations and disruption in renal function. Serum BUN, Creatinine, Uric acid, tissue Bax, Caspase 3, TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels were upregulated in the CTX group compared to Control and QUE groups (p < 0.05). Although MAPK/ERK phosphorylation level is not affected in CTX group, there was a significant increase in CTX + QUE group (p < 0.05), but the NF-κB was significantly suppressed in this group (p < 0.01). The RT-qPCR results showed that the cyt-c and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio mRNA expression folds were upregulated in the CTX group (p < 0.01), which was downregulated in the CTX + QUE group. However, there was a significant difference in the CTX + QUE group compared to the Control and QUE groups (p < 0.01). The findings showed that administering quercetin along with cyclophosphamide alleviated renal injury by regulating apoptotic and inflammatory expression. Moreover, the administration of quercetin and cyclophosphamide could synergistically improve renal function test results, and activate cellular responses, which upmodulate MAPK/ERK phosphorylation and suppression of NF-κB.Öğe Phytochemical analysis and biological activity of Corchorus olitorius L.: Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds by LC–MS/MS, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic activities(Elsevier GmbH, 2023) Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Erenler, Ramazan; Turkan, Fikret; Alma, Mehmet Hakkı; Demirtaş, İbrahim; Baran, Ayşe; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünIntroduction: Corchorus olitorius L. is a significant plant in folk medicine, therefore, research on phytochemistry with biological activity may reveal its potential use in drug development. Medicinal plants are valuable sources of drug materials as they include bioactive compounds known as secondary metabolites. Determination of bioactive compounds and biological activity of plants lead to understanding their potential in drug development. Methods: A quantitative analysis of the bioactive compounds in leaf, stem, and root extracts of C. olitorius L. was carried out with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) enzyme inhibition and antibacterial effects were investigated using Mueller Hinton broth microdilution assay. The anticancer activity of C. olitorius leaves was evaluated by MTT assay using HDF, U87, Skov-3, and Caco-2 cell lines. Results: In the quantitative study, leaf extract exhibited the largest concentration of bioactive compounds, and cynarin (6.680 mg/g extract) and chlorogenic acid (5.605 mg/g extract) were the major products. The leaf, stem, and root extracts showed significant AChE and GST inhibition activity. The leaf extract displayed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with the value of 2.2±0.1 (IC50, μg/ mL) in comparison to the standard (4.00±0.1 IC50, μg/ mL). The leaf extract displayed good antiproliferative activity against sk-ov-3 cell lines with values of 37.1% and 42.1% at 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: C. olitorius has the potential to be a drug agent against cancer and microbial-induced diseases due to its effective bioactive compound contents.Öğe Proliferative Effect of Gum Tragacanth on Different Cancer Cells(Iğdır Üniversitesi, 2024) Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Jahan, Israt; Teke, FatmaGum tragacanth (GT) is a natural plant exudate discharged from the twigs and stems of Asiatic species of the Astragalus genus. GT is a heterogeneous polysaccharide which has been utilized in various biomedical fields and traditionally in ethnomedicine because of its distinctive physicochemical and biological properties, such as great biocompatibility, thermal stability biodegradability, hydrophilicity and antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to examine whether GT has cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. For this aim, four cancer cell lines i.e., human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CACO-2), glioblastoma multiforme tumor (T98G), ovarian sarcoma (SKOV-3), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells were used. GT was prepared at the concentration of 200 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL and 12.5 µg/mL, using both 5% DMSO and dH2O as solvent. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay was used for in vitro cytotoxicity study. GT had no cytotoxic effect on these cancer cells since cell viability percentages were found to be above 80% for all the treatments. However, remarkable dose-dependent cell proliferation efficiency of GT at certain concentrations was observed on all cancer cells except MCF-7. In conclusion, this study suggests that cancer patients should be careful about the use of GT or products containing GT due to the increasing effect of GT on the proliferation of cancer cells.Öğe Rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Celtis tournefortii LAM. Leaf Extract; investigation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2022) Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünThe usage of metallic nanoparticles are very common. Environmentally friendly approaches in obtaining nanoparticles attract a lot of attention because of their advantages. In this study, an easy and economical biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was made with the extract of Celtis tournefortii LAM. leaf. For the characterization of synthesized nanoparticles, Spectrophotometer (UV-vis), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Field Emission Scan Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Power Microscopy (AFM), Electron Disperse X-ray (EDX) Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTA), Zeta Sizer and Zeta Potential Analysis data were used. As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that the AgNPs had a spherical appearance, an average size distribution of 4.8 nm, had a maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 482.13 nm, a crystal nanosize of 10.95 nm, and a surface charge of -21.6 mV. Inhibition activities of AgNPs on the growth of pathogenic strains were determined by the microdilution method. The results showed that the nanoparticles were effective even at low concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of the tested materials on the growth of the strains was found between 0.03-1.00 μg mL-1. Anticancer activity of AgNPs was investigated on CaCo-2, U118, Skov3 cancer cell lines and healthy cell line HDF by the MTT method.Öğe Serum level of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS8 in patients with psoriatic arthritis(Erciyes University School of Medicine, 2021) Taşkın, Irmak İçen; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Nas, Kemal; Dağlı, Abdullah ZübeyirObjective: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with psoriasis. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a large family of proteoglycanase enzymes that show proteolytic activity. The expression levels of ADAMTS proteases in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are upregulated. However, their expression levels in PsA patients have not been examined yet. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS8 in PsA patients. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study and enrolled 40 PsA patients and 40 individuals as controls. Serum levels of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS8 were examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between ADAMTS8 levels and demographic and clinical features of PsA patients were analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that the ADAMTS8 level was significantly elevated in the serum of PsA patients (160.9 +/- 49.79 pg/mL) compared to the control groups (<15.6 pg/mL). An association (r=0.32, p<0.05) was detected between age and serum level of ADAMTS8. However, the level of the ADAMTS4 in many subjects was under the detectable range. Conclusion: Our results conclude that a relationship exists between ADAMTS8 and PsA, but further investigations are required to establish the function of ADAMTS8 proteases in PsA.Öğe Targeting soluble guanylate cyclase with Riociguat has potency to alleviate testicular ischaemia reperfusion injury via regulating various cellular pathways(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Şeker, Uğur; Kavak, Deniz Evrim; Güzel, Barış Can; Baygeldi, Saime Betül; Yüksel, Meral; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Şener, Dila; Demirel, Özlem UnayTesticular ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury results with serious dysfunctions in testis. This study aims to explore effects of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator Riociguat on experimental testicular I/R injury in rats. Twenty-one male rats were divided into three groups (Control, IR and IRR). The control group was not exposed to any application. Bilateral testis from IR and IRR animals were rotated 720° in opposite directions for 3 h to induce experimental testicular ischaemia. Animals in IR and IRR groups were subjected to 3 h of reperfusion. Isotonic and Riociguat were administered to the animals 30 min prior reperfusion by oral gavage. At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and tissue samples were used for analyses. Riociguat treatment significantly decreased tissue malondialdehyde and Luminol levels compared to the IR group (p < 0.05). The pathological changes, pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9) and apoptotic index in the IR group were down regulated in Riociguat treated animals (p < 0.05). Riociguat treatment was also significantly increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, but alleviated tissue injury via modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels and significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulating NF-κB activity. Moreover, mTOR and ERK phosphorylation increased in IR group (p < 0.05), but Riociguat treatment reduced protein phosphorylation. Our experiment indicated that targeting sGC might support surgical interventions in testicular I/R injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic protein expression levels, but more detailed studies are required to explore the protective activity of Riociguat and underlying mechanisms in testicular I/R injury.
