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Öğe Endometrial echotexture parameters in Turkish Saanen Goats (Akkeci) during oestrus and early pregnancy(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Cengiz, M.; Kanca, H.; Salar, S.; Bastan, A.; Kucukaslan, I.; Alkan, H.; Karakas, K.This experiment was conducted to evaluate endometrial echotexture in oestrus and early pregnancy and its association with ovarian hormones and foetal count in goats. Akkeci goats (Saanen x Kills crossbreed, n = 40) were randomly divided into two groups. Ten does (NAT) were mated on natural oestrus and 30 does (SYN) were subjected to synchronisation-prior to mating. The uterus was scanned on the days of sponge insertion (d - 14), sponge removal (d - 2) and mating (d 0) as well as 17 (d 17) and 30 (d 30) days after mating. Mean gray level (MGL), homogeneity (HOM) and contrast (CON) values were calculated. Blood samples were collected on days ultrasonography was performed. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, ANOVA, regression tests. HOM value reached the highest level on the mating day and then continuously decreased (P<0.0001). Overall, HOM values were greater for SYN does than for NAT does after mating. CON values were virtually stable during the experimental period. MGL value fluctuated during the breeding period (P<0.03) at a similar fashion in NAT and SYN does. Foetal count was not correlated with plasma hormones and echotexture parameters. Plasma progesterone concentration was correlated with echotexture parameters (r=-0.28 for HOM; r=0.29 for CON; r=0.25 for MGL; P<0.05 for all) during post-mating. In conclusion, echotexture parameters changed during the breeding period, in association with plasma progesterone concentration. Future studies should test if the echotextural changes during embryonic fixation days can be used as a marker for early detection of pregnancy in does. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe GnRH and its receptor (GnRH-R) are expressed in the canine placenta and uterus(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Schaefer-Somi, S.; Kowalewski, M. P.; Kanca, H.; Bozkurt, M. P.; Gram, A.; Sabitzer, S.; Kucukaslan, I.In reproductive tissues, GnRH participates in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation by direct binding to the GnRH-R, which is essential for embryo implantation. However, there is no study on the expression and cellular localization of GnRH and GnRH-R in the canine uterus and placenta. Therefore, bitches were ovariohysterectomized 10 to 12 days after mating (vaginal cytology and progesterone measurement), the uteri were flushed, and if embryos were detectable, bitches were allocated to the embryo positive group (E-pos.; preimplantation, n = 5). Other bitches were operated at later stages and, dependent on the gestational age, either allotted to the post-implantation group (Day 18-25 after mating, n = 9), or the mid-gestation group (Day 30-40 after mating, n = 3). Dogs negative in embryo flushing served as controls (E-neg.; controls, n = 5). Samples of the entire uterine wall were taken from the middle of the horn in E-neg. and E-pos. groups, and from placental and interplacental uterine sites in post-implantation and mid-gestation groups. GnRH-R expression was localized at the mRNA and protein levels by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The expression of GnRH and GnRH-R mRNA was assessed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, both GnRH and GnRH-R mRNA were expressed in all tissues examined until mid-gestation. Relative expression of GnRH was higher than that of GnRH-R (P < 0.05). During the post-implantation stage, GnRH-R expression was significantly higher in uteroplacental than in interplacental tissues. In the uterus, GnRH-R stained strongly in the surface and glandular epithelial cells, and seemed to be weaker in myometrium and stroma. Placental signals were predominantly localized in fetal trophoblast cells and to a lesser extent in maternal decidual cells. These findings suggest a local regulatory function of GnRH during early canine pregnancy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Is Apoptosis a Regulatory Mechanism During Early Canine Pregnancy?(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Schaefer-Somi, S.; Sabitzer, S.; Klein, D.; Tomaszewski, C.; Kanca, H.; Beceriklisoy, H. B.; Kucukaslan, I.Contents Fas is a membrane-bound protein which upon activation causes programmed cell death. Fas ligand (FasL) binds Fas on target cells. Both these factors are known to regulate apoptosis at implantation in different species and thus might be involved in the regulation of implantation in dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the expression of Fas and FasL in canine uterine tissue throughout pregnancy as well as in pre-implantation embryos using RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Uterine tissues was collected from of 21 healthy pregnant bitches (group I: days 1012, n=5; group II: days 1825, n=6; group III: days 2845, n=6) and from 4 non-pregnant bitches (controls: days 1012). Pregnancy stage was determined by days after mating, that is, 23days after ovulation as determined by vaginal cytology and progesterone measurement. After ovariohysterectomy, uteri from group I bitches were flushed with PBS and the embryos washed and stored frozen at -80 degrees. Tissues from the other groups were taken from the implantation and placentation sites, respectively, covered with Tissue Tek (R) and frozen at -80 degrees. Extraction of RNA was performed with Trizol Reagent and RT-qPCR using SYBR green probes. In pre-implantation embryos, only FasL but not Fas could be detected. In all tissues from pregnant and non-pregnant bitches, both parameters were detectable. Before implantation (group I) expression of FasL resembled that of non-pregnant bitches in early dioestrus and decreased significantly during implantation and thereafter (p<0.05). Expression of Fas did not change significantly until day 45. The relative expression of Fas exceeded that of FasL at each stage investigated, which is comparable to observations of other species; however, high standard deviations indicate high individual differences. These preliminary results point towards a regulatory function of the Fas/FasL system during early canine pregnancy.Öğe Vascular Endothelial (VEGF) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) as well as Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) and receptors are expressed in the early pregnant canine uterus(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Schaefer-Somi, S.; Sabitzer, S.; Klein, D.; Reinbacher, E.; Kanca, H.; Beceriklisoy, H. B.; Kucukaslan, I.[Abstract Not Available]
