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    Complete atrioventricular block and syncope during acute pulmonary thromboembolism: a case report
    (Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2007) Alyan, Omer; Ozdemir, Ozcan; Kacmaz, Fehmi; Topaloglu, Serkan
    The most common electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) are right bundle branch block, T wave, and ST-segment changes. Complete atrioventricular (AV) block has hitherto been reported in only one patient with PTE. A 63-year-old female patient presented with recurrent syncope and sudden-onset dyspnea. There was complete AV block in the admission ECG. She never had similar complaints before and an ECG taken three months before was completely normal. A temporary pacemaker was placed through the femoral vein. Physical and laboratory findings were suggestive of acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary artery angiography demonstrated nearly total occlusion of the proximal right pulmonary artery. Her coronary arteries were normal. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase infusion followed by standard heparin infusion resulted in clinical improvement and resolution of complete AV block. The patient was discharged on the 15th day with oral warfarin treatment.
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    Effects of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in healthy subjects
    (Wiley, 2008) Alyan, Omer; Kacmaz, Fehmi; Ozdemir, Ozcan; Maden, Orhan; Topaloglu, Serkan; Ozbakir, Cemal; Metin, Fatma
    Background: Cigarette smoking increased the risk of acute cardiac events related with endothelial dysfunction and increased sympathetic activity. Impaired autonomic nervous activity is recognized as a considerable symptom of cardiac dysfunction and is strongly associated with increased risk overall mortality. Methods: A total of 75 healthy habitual smokers (40 female, 35 male, mean age 36.5 +/- 8.5 years), and 73 non-smokers subjects (45 female, 28 male, mean age 34.6 +/- 7.2 years) were studied. LF and LF/HF ratio were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. On the contrary, SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, and HF values were lower in smokers compared to those in non-smokers. Not the duration of smoking but the number of cigarettes smoked per day was correlated with the HRV parameters and NT-pro BNP. Furthermore, the average levels of NT-pro BNP were found to be positively correlated with LF, LF/HF and inversely correlated with SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and HF. Results: As a result, smoking impaires sympathovagal balance and decreases the heart rate variability in healthy subjects. And even a one cigarette smoking leads to overt sympathetic excitation. Furthermore, smoking results in an increase in NT-proBNP levels and the changes in adrenergic nervous system and NT-proBNP levels are well correlated. Conclusion: These findings could contribute to the higher rate of cardiovascular events in smokers.
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    Hepatitis C Infection is Associated With Increased Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Defined by Modified Reardon Severity Score System
    (Japanese Circulation Soc, 2008) Alyan, Omer; Kacmaz, Fehmi; Ozdemir, Ozean; Deveci, Bulent; Astan, Ramazan; Celebi, Aksuyek Savas; Ilkay, Erdogan
    Background The link between arteriosclerotic disease in the carotid or coronary artery and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been shown in some studies although other studies have produced contrary results. However, the effect of chronic HCV infection on the extension or severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been determined so the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of HCV infection on the severity of CAD. Methods and Results The study group comprised 139 HCV seropositive and 225 HCV seronegative patients with angiographically documented CAD. A modified scoring system of Reardon et al was used. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking or family history. Levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen were significantly hi,,her in the HCV seropositive group (p<0.001) and the Reardon severity score was higher (8.75 +/- 1.69 vs 6.01 +/- 1.80, p<0.00 1). After adjustment, HCV scropositivity still represented an independent predictor for severity of coronary atherosclerosis demonstrated by higher Reardon severity score with an odds ratio of 2.018 (95% confidence interval 1.575-2.579, p<0.00 1). Conclusion HCV infection is an independent predictor for increased coronary atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by higher Reardon severity score. (Circ J 2008; 72: 1960- 1965)
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    High levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein predict the progression of chronic rheumatic mitral stenosis
    (Springer, 2009) Alyan, Omer; Metin, Fatma; Kacmaz, Fehmi; Ozdemir, Ozcan; Maden, Orhan; Topaloglu, Serkan; Demir, Ahmet Duran
    Background High sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) predicts morbidity and mortality in various clinical conditions. The effect of hsCRP on progression of chronic rheumatic mitral stenosis (CRMS) has not been demonstrated. Methods and results A total of 132 patients with CRMS (95 female, 37 male) and 145 control (100 female, 45 male) were included in the study. Baseline clinical, echocardiographic, hematologic and hs-CRP measurements were collected prospectively. Mean mitral valve area (MVA) was 1.4 +/- 0.3 cm(2), mean wilkins valve score value was 8.9 +/- 1.7, left atrial diameter was 5.0 +/- 0.7 cm, left atrial area was 37.2 +/- 12.6 cm(2), and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP) was 44 +/- 11 mmHg in patients with CRMS. The mean levels of hs-CRP value, fibrinogen, and mean platelet volume (MPV) were significantly higher in CRMS group compared to control group. The levels of hsCRP were found to be positively correlated with mean Wilkins valve score value, SPAP, presence of atrial fibrillation (AF), left atrial diameter, left atrial area, presence of LASEC(+), fibrinogen, and MPV and inversely correlated with MVA in patients with CRMS. Linear regression analysis revealed that the hsCRP level independently affects mean Wilkins valve score value, left atrial area (LAA), LASEC(+) and AF in the patients with CRMS. Conclusions These results suggest that increased hsCRP levels are associated with CRMS severity. These association may be important when treating patients with CRMS.
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    High levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and impaired autonomic activity in smokers
    (Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2008) Alyan, Omer; Kacmaz, Fehmi; Ozdemir, Ozcan; Karahan, Zulkuf; Taskesen, Tuncay; Iyem, Hikmet; Alan, Sait
    Objectives: We investigated the relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) activity and autonomic nervous activity using heart rate variability in smokers. Study design: The study consisted of 136 healthy subjects, including 66 smokers (35 women, 31 men; mean age 36 years) and 70 nonsmokers (43 women, 27 men; mean age 34 years). Serum samples were collected from all the subjects. Three-channel, 24-hr Holter monitoring was performed to derive the mean heart rate, standard deviation of normal NN intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of 5-minute mean NN intervals (SDANN), root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), high-(HF) and low-(LF) frequency power components, and the LF/HF ratio. Results: In smokers, the mean duration of smoking was 13.6 +/- 8.2 years (range 3 to 45 years), and the mean number of cigarettes consumed per day was 16.3 +/- 7.1 (range 5 to 40). Smokers exhibited significantly higher mean heart rate, hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels, mean platelet volume, white blood cell count, LF, and LF/HF ratio, with significantly lower SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, and HF values. In smokers, hs-CRP was correlated with the number of cigarettes consumed per day, duration of smoking, fibrinogen level, mean platelet volume, white blood cell count, LF, and LF/HF ratio, and inversely correlated with HF, SDNN, and SDANN. Even smoking a single cigarette resulted in an acute, 0.07-fold increase in the hs-CRP level (p< 0.0001). In linear regression analysis, both the number of cigarettes consumed per day (beta= 0.52, p= 0.011) and duration of smoking (beta= 0.073, p< 0.0001) had an independent effect on the hs-CRP level. Conclusion: Smoking both impairs the sympathovagal balance and increases the hs-CRP activity in otherwise healthy smokers, the combination of which would probably contribute to a higher rate of cardiovascular events.
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    Relationship of admission QRS duration and changes in QRS duration with myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with fibrinolytic therapy
    (Japanese Circulation Soc, 2008) Kacmaz, Fehmi; Maden, Orhan; Celebi, Savas Aksuyek; Ureyen, Cagin; Alyan, Oemer; Erbay, Ali Riza; Selcuk, Hatice
    Background Although ischemia induced QRS complex changes have been described previously, their relationship with impaired reperfusion, which is known to be associated with poor clinical outcomes, is not clear. Methods and Results To investigate the relationship of QRS duration changes with myocardial reperfusion, we studied 165 acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients who were administered fibrinolytic therapy for reperfusion. For each patient, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with a paper speed of 50mm/s was recorded on admission and repeated at the 60(th) and 90(th) min following fibrinolytic therapy. Based on the myocardial blush grades obtained from a control coronary angiography, patients were divided into reperfusion (grades 2, 3) and impaired reperfusion (grades 0, 1) groups. We detected impaired reperfusion in 74 patients. The patients in the impaired reperfusion group were older, more often diabetic, and had longer pain-to-needle intervals. They also had significantly longer QRS durations at admission compared to reperfusion group patients (91 +/- 11 vs 79 +/- 11ms, p<0.001). Reperfusion group patients showed significantly greater resolution in QRS duration at the 90(th) min post fibrinolysis ECG (18 +/- 5 vs 5 +/- 4ms, p<0.001). In regression analysis, the pain-to-needle time (odds ratio (OR): 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.88, p=0.012), QRS duration on admission (OR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.97, p=0.021), and change in QRS duration at the post fibrinolysis 90(th) min ECG (OR: 2.43, 95%CI, 1.29-4.60, p=0.006) were determined as independent predictors of adequate reperfusion. Conclusion The present study, for the first time, has shown that admission QRS duration and post fibrinolysis 90(th) min QRS duration changes are related to tissue reperfusion in fibrinolytic administered acute MI patients.
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    Simultaneous ST-segment elevation in the precordial and inferior leads in acute myocardial infarction
    (Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2007) Alyan, Omer; Metin, Fatma; Topaloglu, Serkan; Kacmaz, Fehmi
    In general, ST-segment elevation in either the precordial or inferior leads is the most common electrocardiography (ECG) finding in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, simultaneous ST-segment elevation in the precordial and inferior leads is a rare finding. A 48year-old male patient was admitted with a diagnosis of AMI upon detection of ST-segment elevation in the DI, aVL, and V1-6 leads and reciprocal changes in inferior leads. A subsequent ECG taken before submission to the cardiac catheterization laboratory showed that the STsegment approached the isoelectric line in the anterior leads, while remaining elevated in the D2, D3, and aVF leads. Coronary angiography revealed 95% stenosis in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery with total occlusion distally, and some insignificant stenoses in the right coronary artery. A bare metal stent was placed in the LAD, with balloon dilatation of the distal lesion. He was discharged on the seventh day of admission.
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    Successful coronary sinus lead placement after stenting of coronary vein stenosis
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2007) Demir, Ahmet Duran; Alyan, Omer; Kacmaz, Fehmi
    In this paper, we describe a 62-year-old man with ischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent biventricular pacing and left ventricular lead could be implanted after stenting of a coronary vein stenosis.
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    Sympathetic overactivity in patients with pulmonary stenosis and improvement after percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty
    (Wiley, 2008) Alyan, Omer; Ozdemir, Ozcan; Kacmaz, Fehmi; Topaloglu, Serkan; Ozbakir, Cemal; Gozu, Ayfer; Korkmaz, Sule
    Objective: Percutaneous balloon valvulotomy (PBV) is the procedure of choice for the treatment of valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS) with similar results comparable to surgical valvotomy but less invasive. . Methods and Results: Twenty-seven consecutive patients with PS being evaluated for PBV were enrolled in the study. Peak instantaneous transvalvular gradient, right ventricle (RV) diameter, mean atrial pressures, RV systolic pressure (RVSP), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) levels significantly decreased immediately after PBV. Regarding heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, mean HR (heart rate), LF (low frequency) day and night, LF/HF day and night significantly decreased and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), P number of NN intervals that differed by more than 50 ms from adjacent interval divided by the total number of all NN intervals (PNN50), HF (High frequency) day and night significantly increased 1 day after PBV and these changes were shown to be preserved at the first month. The increase in SDNN was correlated with the decrease in right atrial pressure (RAP) (r = -0.5, P = 0.04); the increase in standard deviation of the 5-minute mean RR intervals (SDANN) was correlated with the decrease in proBNP (r = -0.4, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Sympathetic overactivity and increased proBNP levels were associated with the symptomatic status of patients with PS. Associated with a decrease in atrial pressures and proBNP levels, PBV yielded a decrease in adrenergic overactivity in the patients with PS.