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  • Küçük Resim
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    Chemical characterization, anti-oxidant and anti-enzymatic properties of extracts from two Silene species: A focus on different plant parts and extraction methods
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Aygün, Rabia Betül; Zengin, Gökhan; Yıldıztugay, Evren; Jugreet, Sharmeen; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Mahomoodally, Fawzi Mohamad
    In this study, aerial part and root extracts of two Silene species, S. caramanica and S. otites obtained by five extraction methods (homogenizer assisted, maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasound assisted extractions and infusion) were screened for their phytochemical contents, antioxidant and anti-enzymatic properties. Spectrophotometric assays revealed the extracts to possess total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 13.28–47.18 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract and 0.22–42.56 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g dry extract, respectively for S. caramanica and 13.97–21.35 mg GAE/g and 0.40–42.87 mg RE/g, respectively for S. otites. The aerial part extracts obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction of both plants were found to yield the highest phytochemical contents compared to the other extracts. HPLC analysis revealed quinic acid to be present in the highest quantity in the extracts. In DPPH and ABTS assays, the extracts demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging property (14.22–48.25 and 24.88–107.60 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry extract, respectively), reducing activity in CUPRAC and FRAP assays (38.60–175.85 and 31.43–108.72 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively). While all extracts exhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase (0.69–2.56 mg galantamine equivalent (GALE)/g dry extract), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (0.80–2.50 mg GALE/g dry extract) activity displayed by only the aerial part/Soxhlet extract of S. caramanica, all root extracts of S. caramanica, and all the extracts of S. otites except their infusion extracts (0.80–2.50 mg GALAE/g dry extract). The extracts were also found to inhibit tyrosinase (2.36–20.95 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g dry extract), alpha-amylase (0.11–0.46 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g dry extract), and with the exception of the root/infusion extracts, were also found to act as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase (0.03–0.41 mmol ACAE/g dry extract). Taken together, this study revealed these two Silene species to act as antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors and the findings are in favor for more advanced studies to be carried out to confirm their pharmacological properties.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Enzyme inhibition and antioxidant functionality of eleven Inula species based on chemical components and chemometric insights
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science LTD, 2021) Ceylan, Ramazan; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Ak, Güneş; Jugreet, Sharmeen; Çakır, Oğuz; Ouelbani, Rayene; Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah
    The members of the genus Inula have been widely used in traditional medicinal. In the present study, 11 Inula species were investigated for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. While quinic acid was the principal compound in I. anatolica, I. britannica, I. inuloides, I. oculus-christi, I. peacockiana, I. sechmenii, I. thapsoides and I. viscidula extracts (22.43?42.02 mg/g dry extract (DE)), I. aucheriana and I. discoidea extracts contained rutin as their most abundant compound (23.28 and 79.10 mg/g extract, respectively). Interestingly, all the Inula extracts were active inhibitors of the five key clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (3.56?5.13 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), butyrylcholinesterase (1.49?7.34 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (112.31?122.13 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g), ?-glucosidase (0.77?2.08 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/ g) and ?-amylase (0.73?0.90 mmol ACAE/g)). Furthermore, the extracts were observed to exhibit substantial antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): 58.99?188.22 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g); 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS): 90.51?220.97 mg TE/g; cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC): 169.88?460.53 mg TE/g; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP): 81.57?237.99 mg TE/g; metal chelating activity: 8.31?25.39 mg ethylenediamine tetraacetate equivalent (EDTAE)/g; phosphomo-lybdenum: 1.55?2.49 mmol TE/g). In conclusion, the Inula species studied herein showed promising pharma-cological potentials justified by the presence of a panoply of bioactive compounds.