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    Comparison of the Effect of Periodontal Therapy and Diode Decontamination and Periodontal Therapy Alone on the Amount of TNF-? in Systemically Healthy Chronic Periodontitis Patients A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2020) Dogru, Arzum Guler; Toprak, Omer; Uner, Devrim Deniz; Izol, Bozan Serhat; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Dogru, Mehmet; Ipek, Fikret
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of initial periodontal therapy and additional diode laser decontamination therapy on clinical parameters and the amount of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with chronic periodontitis. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 22 patients who were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and who had at least 1 (>= 5 mm) periodontal pocket in the posterior region of each upper left hemi-arcade. The study was designed as a split-mouth study involving mechanical therapy on the right side and nonsurgical periodontal therapy plus diode laser decontamination therapy on the left side. RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease was observed in clinical parameters at 3 months when compared to the values at baseline in both treatment areas. The change in clinical parameters at 3 months after therapy was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). The comparison of GCF TNF-alpha levels at baseline and at 3 months in the 2 treatment areas identified significant changes in the TNF-alpha levels in the hemi-arcade treated with laser diode contamination therapy, whereas the changes in the hemi-arcade treated with nonsurgical periodontal therapy were not significant (p>0.05). A between-group comparison revealed no statistically significant difference at 3 months post-therapy, while the difference at 1 month was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study found that laser therapy in addition to nonsurgical periodontal therapy has a positive effect on the clinical parameters and proinflammatory TNF-alpha levels in the early period but makes no contribution in the long term.
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    Effect of a controlled-release chlorhexidine chip on clinical and microbiological parameters and prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid
    (Wiley, 2006) Mizrak, Tansel; Guncu, Guliz N.; Caglayan, Feriha; Balci, Tansel Ansal; Aktar, Gulseren Samanci; Ipek, Fikret
    Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a chlorhexidine chip on crevicular prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) levels and on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontitis when used as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: This randomized single-blind study was carried out in parallel design. The test group received SRP plus chlorhexidine chip, whereas the control group received SRP alone. Thirty-four subjects, aged 20 to 55 years, with chronic periodontitis were recruited. Clinical indices, microbiological samples, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. Microbiological samples were evaluated under a light microscope. GCF PG2 levels were determined using radioimmunoassay. Results: Significant improvements could be found for all clinical variables in both groups over the study period. The mean changes in probing depth obtained by SRP plus chlorhexidine chip were greater than those obtained by the SRP alone group at 3 and 6 months. In the test group, there was also significant gain in clinical attachment level at 6 months. When data were combined from all groups, significant reductions in GCF PGE(2) levels and number of microorganisms were noted at all time points. However, in the test group, reduction was greater at 6 months for crevicular PGE(2) level and at 3 and 6 months for proportions of spirochetes. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the chlorhexidine chip reduced GCF PGE(2) levels and had positive effects on clinical parameters and subgingival flora when used as adjunctive therapy to SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis.
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    Effects of Sildenafil on Dental Pulp: Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Evaluation
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2016) Soker, Sevda; Deveci, Engin; Yaman, Ferhan; Atilgan, Serhat; Ipek, Fikret; Uysal, Ibrahim
    Sildenafil is a strong peripheral vasodilator and is used to treat cardiovascular and neurosurgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural effects of sildenafil on dental pulp of rats. The study was performed with adult female Wistar-Albino rats. Control group (n=7) were fed on standard laboratory diet until surgery. The study group (n=7) were administered sildenafil orally with orogastric tube 10 mg.kg(-1) once a day for 30 days. Each rat was anesthetized and incisor teeth were removed. This study examined the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural effects of sildenafil on the dental pulp in rats. The relaxation from the vessel, endothelial cell hyperplasia, moderate degeneration of collagen fibers were observed to cause degenerative changes in odontoblast with sildenafil. In the pulp tissue long-term use sildenafil is thought to cause degeneration and new vessel formation.
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    Effects on Gingiva of Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Streptozotocin in Rats
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2020) Ipek, Fikret
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histopathological alterations in gingival tissue of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats and the expressions of ADAMTS-5 and TNF-alpha to better understand the effects of diabetes on oral mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty Wistar rats, divided into control and diabetic groups, received a single dose of STZ (55 mg/kg) ip. The rats were sacrificed, and gingival tissues were dissected and fixed in formalin for routine paraffin protocol. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining (ADAMTS-5 and TNF-alpha) were applied and sections were examined under a microscope. RESULTS: The control group revealed regular placement of epithelial cells. In the diabetic group significant thinning of the epithelial cell layer, degeneration of the cells in the papillary region, pyknosis in nuclei, and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen. Negative ADAMTS-5 expression was observed in parakeratinized epithelium of the control group. The diabetic group showed positive ADAMTS-5 expression in the epithelial cells. In the control group, TNF-alpha positive expression was observed in some of the gingival epithelial and vascular endothelial cells. In the diabetic group, TNF-alpha expression was observed in basal lamina, endothelial cells, and fibroblast cells and dilated blood vessels. CONCLUSION: In diabetics, hypertrophic changes of the gingival epithelium with the epithelial permeability alteration and the presence of intraepithelial inflammatory cells eventually gave rise to degenerative lesions and epithelial ulceration.