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    Effects of workers' hand washing and knife disinfection practices on microbiological quality of small animal carcasses in slaughterhouse environment
    (Wiley, 2020) Durmusoglu, Halil; Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Demir, Pelin; Ilhak, Osman Irfan
    The aim of this study conducted in two slaughterhouses was to reveal the effect of workers' hand washing and knife disinfection practices in reduction of microbial contamination on small animal carcasses. Hand washing and immersing blade into hot water (>= 82 degrees C for 5 s) practices resulted in significant reductions in microorganism counts of the workers' hands and knives and provided 0.1-0.7 log(10)and 0.5-1.0 log(10)/cm(2)decreases in TVC andEnterobacteriaceaecounts on the carcasses, respectively (p < .05). However, it was seen that still a high number of microorganisms remained on the workers' hand and blades after the hand washing and blade disinfecting practices. Although these practices are important and must be applied, it can be said that they are partly effective in reducing of microbial contamination of carcasses. Practical applications The EU approach favors the use of strict hygiene measures to lessen the microorganisms on the carcass surface, and refers that there is no need for carcass decontamination with chemicals when the hygienic measures are applied in slaughtering process. Also, there is an argument that decontamination procedures may mask poor hygiene during slaughtering. This study, provides knowledge about effect of hygiene practices on small animal carcasses microbiological quality in real slaughterhouse conditions.
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    Evaluation of homemade fermented pickle juice as a marinade: Effects on the microstructure, microbiological, physicochemical, textural properties, and sensory attributes of beef strip loin steaks
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Incili, Canan Akdeniz; Karatepe, Pinar; Akgol, Muzeyyen; Tekin, Ali; Incili, Gokhan Kursad; Hayaloglu, Ali Adnan
    The current study aimed to characterize homemade fermented pickle juice and evaluate its efficacy as a marinade on physicochemical, microbiological, textural properties, microstructure, and sensory attributes of the strip loins. Organic acids, phenolics, flavonoids, volatiles, total phenolic content (TPC), and in-vitro antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP) analyses were carried out. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the diameter of inhibition zones of the pickle juice were determined against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes. The strip loins were marinated with five different concentrations (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of pickle juice at 4 degrees C for 24 h. A total of 4 organic acids, 23 phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and 69 volatiles were identified in the pickle juice. The TPC, ABTS, and FRAP values of the pickle juice were found to be 184.24 +/- 33.28 GAE/L, 44.48 +/- 0.41 mg TEAC/L, and 2.79 +/- 0.01 mM FE/L, respectively. The MIC and inhibition zones were recorded between 7.81 and 12.50% and 8.25-13.80 mm against pathogenic bacteria, respectively. The textural properties of the strip loins marinated with 100% pickle were improved compared to the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, this concentration decreased the number of pathogens in strip loins, ranging between 1.07 and 2.77 log(10) CFU/g (P < 0.05). Regarding sensory attributes, the strip loins marinated with 50% and 100% pickle juice had higher scores compared to the non-marinated samples. The results of this study indicated that pickle juice can be evaluated as a marinade to improve the microbiological quality and textural properties of strip loins.
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    Influence of Different Essential Oils on Refrigerated Fish Patties Produced from Bonito Fish (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793)
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2015) Guran, Husnu Sahan; Oksuztepe, Gulsum; Coban, Ozlem Emir; Incili, Gokhan Kursad
    The effects of different concentrations of thyme (group T), dove (group Cl), and rosemary (group R) extracts on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory attributes of fish patty made from the bonito fish (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) were investigated. The numbers of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus Micrococcus spp. and yeasts and moulds in group R were lower than those of the other groups during storage (P < 0.05). During the storage period, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid index (TBA-i), peroxide values, and free fatty acid content gradually increased in all groups, and significant differences were found between the groups (P < 0.05). The results of sensory evaluation showed that the shelf life of fish patties was 4 days for the control group, and 8, 10, and 14 days for the groups treated with thyme, clove and rosemary essential oil, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of essential oils showed a positive effect on the product shelf-life; and in particular, rosemary essential oil produced a remarkable effect.