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    Aksiller hiperhidroz tedavisinde botulinum toksini: Bir olgu sunumu
    (2000) Alp, Semahat; Çetin, Hilal; Akdeniz, Sedat; Harman, Mehmet
    Lokalize idiopatik hiperhidroz nedeni bilinmeyen bir terleme hastalığıdır. Klasik tedaviler eksiksiz ise; sempatektomi ve aktif ter bezlerinin çıkartılması gibi cerrahi tedaviler alternatif tedavilerdir. Botulinum toksininin terlemeyi azalttığını bildiren çalışmalar vardır. Botulinum toksini ile etkin bir şekilde tedavi edilen bir olguyu sunuyoruz.
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    A brownish-red plaque in an adult
    (Medknow Publications, 2009) Harman, Mehmet; Akdeniz, Sedat; Balci, Goekcen; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies
    (Wiley, 2024) Uzun, Soner; Durdu, Murat; Yurekli, Aslan; Mulayim, Mehmet K.; Akyol, Melih; Velipasaoglu, Sevtap; Harman, Mehmet
    Scabies, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mite burrowing into the skin, is a highly contagious disease characterized by intense nocturnal itching. Its global impact is considerable, affecting more than 200 million individuals annually and posing significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Transmission occurs primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact, contributing to its widespread prevalence and emergence as a substantial public health concern affecting large populations. This review presents consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing and managing scabies, developed through the fuzzy Delphi method by dermatology, parasitology, pediatrics, pharmacology, and public health experts. The presence of burrows containing adult female mites, their eggs, and excreta is the diagnostic hallmark of scabies. Definitive diagnosis typically involves direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings obtained from these burrows, although dermoscopy has become a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. Treatment modalities encompass topical agents, such as permethrin, balsam of Peru, precipitated sulfur, and benzyl benzoate. In cases where topical therapy proves inadequate or in instances of crusted scabies, oral ivermectin is recommended as a systemic treatment option. This comprehensive approach addresses the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with scabies, optimizing patient care, and management outcomes.
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    Comparison of in vitro Resistance of Wild Leishmania İsolates, Which are Resistant to Pentavalent Antimonial Compounds, Against Drugs Used in the Treatment of Leishmaniasis
    (NLM (Medline), 2020) Özbi̇lgi̇n, Ahmet; Çavuş, İbrahim; Kaya, Tuğba; Yıldırım, Ahmet; Harman, Mehmet
    Objective: Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®) and Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam®) are used for the treatment of cutaneous leismaniasis in Turkey. There is a reported resistance to these drugs in recent years. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro sensitivities of resistant Leishmania isolates against Amphotericin B, Miltefosine, Meglumine Antimoniate, Paromomycin and Sodium Stibogluconate. Methods: Five Leishmania isolates of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, who showed no clinical recovery despite two consecutive meglumine antimoniate treatments, which were stored in the Parasite Bank in Manisa Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty were selected. They were genotyped with Real-Time PCR using specific primers and probes to ITS1 region. Drug resistance levels of each Leishmania isolate were analysed for Amphotericin B, Miltefosine, Meglumine Antimoniate, Paromomycin, and Sodium Stibogluconate at concentrations of 500, 250, 125, 50, 25 μg/mL with XTT method and hemocytometer. Results: It was observed that the resistant Leishmania tropica isolates showed no resistance to Amphotericin B, and were sensitive to Miltefosine, Sodium Stibogluconate, Paromomycin and Meglumin Antimonate, respectively. In addition, Leishmania tropica (MHOM/AZ/1974/SAF-K27) isolate of the control group could stay viable in none of the drug concentrations of five agents in the study. Conclusion: It was determined that none of the selected resistant L. tropica isolates showed resistance to Amphotericin B and that was also shown statistically (p<0.05). The results of this study are important in guiding clinicians and researchers who conduct studies on drugs and search for new drug molecules
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    The current clinical and geographical situation of cutaneous leishmaniasis based on species identification in Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2019) Ozbilgin, Ahmet; Toz, Seray; Harman, Mehmet; Topal, Suhan Gunasti; Uzun, Soner; Okudan, Fulya; Gungor, Dilek
    Leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne diseases caused by the members of Leishrnania genus, and there are three main clinical forms of the infection as visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a growing public health problem in Turkey due to increasing detection of autochthonous cases caused by L. major and L. donovani in some regions in addition to Syrian imported cases. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the current epidemiological situation of CL in the view of causative agents and their geographical distribution throughout Turkey. The samples were collected from 356 CL patients admitted to different centers in 18 provinces between January 2013 and December 2016. Direct microscopy, culture (regular and enriched NNN) and molecular techniques (real-time ITS1 PCR and hsp70 PCR/sequencing) were performed. By molecular techniques, 299, 28, 19 and 10 isolates/clinical samples were identified as L. tropica, L. major, L. infant= and L. donovani, respectively. Most of the patients (65.73%) had one lesion usually on their face/head. Dry-nodular type lesions (n = 291) were mainly associated with L. tropica while L. major was mainly found related to wet-ulcerative ones. Leishmaniasis recidivans was also detected in 2.52% among 356 patients. L. tropica was detected as most widespread species causing CL in Turkey. L. infantum and L. major was also found in one third of the provinces. Enriched NNN culture was worked well for isolating the parasite and 346 isolates were successfully grown and stored in liquid nitrogen. The comparison of all diagnostic techniques showed that the parasitological positivity rate could increase if the combination of direct microscopy and real-time ITS1 PCR is used. Besides well-known anthroponotic L. tropica cases, the increasing detection of CL cases caused by zoonotic species, L. infantum and L. major, is one of the most important findings in the present study. In our opinion to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis, proper treatment and countrywide effective control of CL in Turkey a systematic approach is needed on the base of information about characteristics of lesions and patients and epidemiological features of the disease.
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    Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
    (Galenos Yayincilik, 2015) Harman, Mehmet
    Leishmaniasis is used to describe a spectrum of diseases caused by the parasitic protozoa leishmania spp. and transmitted by infected female sandflies. There are three main forms of the disease; cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. According to the World Health Organization, almost 12 million people from 98 countries worldwide are currently infected with leishmaniasis, while 350 million people are at risk. It was reported that 2 million new cases are diagnosed every year, with three-fourth are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases. The scientific and medical communities have learnt a lot about CL during the 20th and early 21st centuries. However, the management and control of the disease remains a difficult task. This article was focused on the most common form of the disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and especially its epidemiological aspects and treatment.
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    Dermatitis artefacta: a retrospective analysis
    (Informa Healthcare, 2014) Ucmak, Derya; Harman, Mehmet; Akkurt, Zeynep Meltem
    Background: Factitial dermatitis describes self-produced and consciously made skin lesions usually intended to win sympathy, avoid responsibilities and even gain disability insurance. Dermatitis artefacta belongs to an extensive spectrum of self-inflicted diseases termed factitious diseases. Objectives: The study is retrospective, and the patients were seen in our department from 2002 to 2012. Materials and methods: For patients with skin lesions, the demographic features and clinical descriptive characteristics of their lesions were ascertained. Patient files and photographs were reviewed and the patients were called for follow-up. Results: A total of 25 patients were recorded. Mean age of the patients was 25.64 +/- 11.80. With the exception of two cases, all patients were females. With regard to location, 27% of the patients showed facial localization, whereas the lesions have been localized on the extremities in 44%. The most common clinical appearance of DA was crusted eroded lesions (24%) and excoriations (24%) followed by ulcers (12%), superficial erosion (12%), acute eczematous lesions (8%), purpuric lesions (8%), pigment application (8%), diffuse erythema (8%), hyperpigmentation (8%), blister (4%), hair cutting (4%), hypopigmentation (4%) and cellulitis (4%). Forty percent of the patients had multiple lesions. There were eight children with dermatitis artefacta whose mean age was 14.50. The predominant lesion in these cases was superficial eroded plaque (37.5%). While patients with mild lesions limited in number receive ambulatory care, almost half of the patients require hospitalization. In this study, all patients were referred to psychiatric consultation, but most of them either refused treatment or did not receive medications. Conclusion: Although it is primarily a psychiatric disease, dermatitis artefacta is frequently diagnosed by dermatologists. Detailed history and physical examination are key factors because it imitates an extensive spectrum of diseases.
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    The Diagnostic Value of Lesional Skin Smears Performed by Experienced Specialist in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Routine Microbiology Laboratory
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) An, Isa; Harman, Mehmet; Cavus, Ibrahim; Ozbilgin, Ahmet
    Objective: Leishmaniasis is a common vector-borne infection affecting 12 million people in 98 countries. The most frequently used method in diagnosis is the microscopic investigation of the leishmania smears. The diagnostic value of this method varies according to the experience of the evaluator. In this prospective study, it was aimed to emphasize the importance of experience in the evaluation of lesional smears used in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: In this study, patients who were admitted to Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital Dermatological and Venereal Diseases Outpatient Clinic between January and December 2016 and who had lesions with suspicious cutaneous leishmaniasis were included. For all the cases, both in the routine microbiology laboratory and in the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, separate smears were performed by an experienced specialist and evaluated independently from each other. Results: In 70 of 98 cases studied, the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was confirmed by laboratory evaluations. The rate of positivity was significantly higher in the smears analyzed by experienced specialist in the clinical and diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (95.7%) than in the smears analyzed by the routine microbiology laboratory (42.9%) (p<0.001). Conclusion: The data in our study showed that smears should be performed and evaluated by experienced specialists in the clinical and diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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    Diagnostic value of telecytology in tertiary teledermatological consultation: a retrospective analysis of 75 cases
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Durdu, Murat; Harman, Mehmet
    Background The addition of dermatoscopic images to clinical images is reported to increase the diagnostic value of teledermatology. No study has investigated the contribution of telecytology to teledermatology. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of telecytology in tertiary teledermatological evaluation. Methods The study included 75 patients for whom no diagnosis could be established at face-to-face clinical examinations and cytological evaluations, who therefore consulted with a dermatologist experienced in cytology through the store-and-forward method. Telecytological diagnosis was then compared with the final diagnosis, and diagnostic accuracy was calculated. Results In the past 2 years, 75 patients (38 [50.7%] female, 37 [49.3%] male) were evaluated by telecytology. According to definitive diagnoses, 31 patients (41.3%) had erosive-vesiculobullous, 25 (33.3%) had tumoral, and 19 (15.8%) had granulomatous disease. Diagnostic accuracy of telecytology was 90.7%. Limitations Our study was a retrospective study, and cytological images were evaluated by one dermatologist only; therefore, no reliability analysis could be performed. Conclusion This study revealed that the cytological images should be used in tertiary teledermatological evaluation. Further studies should therefore be carried out to investigate the diagnostic value of different telecytological methods.
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    Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dermatoloji Polikliniğine başvuran pemfiguslu hastaların klinik özellikleri
    (Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2007) Turgutalp, Sezer Çiçekli; Harman, Mehmet
    Pemfigus nadir görülen, kronik seyirli, hayatı tehdit eden otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Dünyanın farklı bölgelerinden bildirilen raporlarda hastalığın klinik özellikleri farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışma Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dermatoloji polikliniğine başvuran pemfiguslu hastaların klinik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Kliniğimizde Temmuz 1994-Ocak 2004 tarihleri arasında pemfigus tanısı ile tedavi ve izlemleri yapılan 52 hastanın tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalığın başlangıcında ortalama yaş 43, erkek: kadın oranı ise 1:2’ dir. En sık görülen form pemfigus vulgaristir. Pemfigus vulgarisli hastalarda hastalığın başlangıcında olguların % 52’sinde sadece oral mukoza, % 28’inde deri, % 20’sinde ise hem oral mukoza hem de deri tutulumu vardı. Pemfiguslu hastalarımızda hastalığın başlangıcında ortalama yaş daha genç olup, hastalık kadınlarda daha sıktır.
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    Effect of acitretin on recalcitrant warts
    (1998) Aytekin, Sema; İnalöz, H. Serhat; Civaş, Ekrem; Akdeniz, Sedat; Harman, Mehmet
    The efficacy of acitretin treatment was evaluated in 2 patients with multiple recalcitrant warts and psoriatic erythroderma. The daily dose of acitretin was initially 50 mg per day, orally. In both patients the warts impressively regressed during the treatment. Almost complete resolution was achieved after 3 months of acitretin therapy, but the termination of the treatment resulted in a total relapse within the following 12 weeks.
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    The effect of pentavalent antimonial compounds used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis on hemogram and biochemical parameters
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) An, Isa; Harman, Mehmet; Esen, Mustafa; Celik, Hakim
    Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of pentavalent antimonials used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) on hemogram and biochemical parameters. Material and methods: The study consisted of 168 patients diagnosed with CL after microscopic examination and treated with either systemic sodium stibogluconate (SSG) or meglumine antimonate (MA) 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The patients were divided into two groups as SSG and MA patients. Neutrophil count, leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were compared before and on the 14th day of the treatment. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the neutrophil, lymphocyte, leukocyte, platelet counts, and hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen levels on the 14th day of the treatment when compared to the pre-treatment values. A statistically significant increase was found in the ALT, AST, amylase and lipase levels. No significant change was found in the serum creatinine levels. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, pentavalent antimonials given standard doses in the treatment of CL can lead to an increase in the pancreatic enzymes and transaminases and bone marrow suppression. We do not recommend any change in the treatment if these conditions are not corroborated by clinical findings.
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    The effectiveness of treatment with enoxaparin in lichen planus
    (2012) Balcı, Gökçen; Harman, Mehmet; Uçmak, Derya
    Amaç: Heparin analoglarının düşük dozlarının antiproliferatif ve immünmodülatör etkilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; liken planusta düşük doz enoxaparinin etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Liken planus tanısı alan 21 hasta 12 hafta boyunca tedavi edildi. Hastalara her hafta 3 mg enoxaparin subkutan enjeksiyonla yapıldı. Etki ve güvenlik verileri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Tam iyileşme hastaların 15’ inde (%71), belirgin düzelme 4’ ünde (%19) tespit edildi. Hastaların 2’sinde (%9) tedaviye yanıt alınmadı. Tedavi sonucunda en iyi yanıt, liken planusun akut generalize tipinde görüldü. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak enoxaparin tedavisinin liken planusta etkili bir tedavi seçeneği olabileceği kanaatine varıldı.
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    Epidemiology of Pemphigus in Turkey: One-year Prospective Study of 220 Cases
    (Croation Dermatovenerological Soc, 2017) Yayli, Savas; Harman, Mehmet; Baskan, Emel Bulbul; Karakas, Ayse Akman; Genc, Yeser; Turk, Bengu Gerceker; Demirsoy, Evren Odyakmaz
    Pemphigus is a group of rare and life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Although they occur worldwide, their incidence shows wide geographical variation, and prospective data on the epidemiology of pemphigus are very limited. Objective of this work is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological and clinical features of patients with pemphigus in Turkey. All patients newly diagnosed with pemphigus between June 2013 and June 2014 were prospectively enrolled in 33 dermatology departments in 20 different provinces from all seven regions of Turkey. Disease parameters including demography and clinical findings were recorded. A total of 220 patients were diagnosed with pemphigus during the 1-year period, with an annual incidence of 4.7 per million people in Turkey. Patients were predominantly women, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.41. The mean age at onset was 48.9 years. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the commonest clinical subtype (n= 192; 87.3%), followed by pemphigus foliaceus (n= 21; 9.6%). The most common clinical subtype of PV was the mucocutaneous type (n= 83; 43.2%). The mean Pemphigus Disease Area Index was 28.14 +/- 22.21 (mean +/- Standard Deviation). The incidence rate of pemphigus in Turkey is similar to the countries of South-East Europe, higher than those reported for the Central and Northern European countries and lower than the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Pemphigus is more frequent in middle-aged people and is more common in women. The most frequent subtype was PV, with a 9-fold higher incidence than pemphigus foliaceus.
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    Evaluating the glucantime concentration for the ex vivo glial cell model of antimony-resistant leishmania tropica amastigotes
    (Galenos Publishing House, 2021) Zorbozan, Orçun; Evren, Vedat; Harman, Mehmet; Özbilgin, Ahmet; Yılmaz, Özlem Alkan; Turgay, Nevin
    Objective: Because the protocols used in the treatment of leishmaniasis can be toxic and have many limitations, such as the development of resistance against such protocols, new treatment options are needed, especially against resistant patients. Ex vivo models may be a good source for evaluating new drug options for patients with antimony-resistant parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the Glucantime concentration for our ex vivo glial cell amastigote model we had defined in previous work. Methods: We prepared the astroglial cell culture from brains of 2 to 3 day old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats under sterile conditions by modifying McCarthy’s method. Four plates of cells were infected with antimony-resistant Leishmania tropica promastigotes. After 24 h of incubation, we added Glucantime to 3 plates with different concentrations. After 72 h, we removed the supernatant and then dried, fixed, and stained the plates with Giemsa to count the amastigotes in the glial cells. Results: We observed the amastigotes in glial cells in the control flask. Glial cells were ruined in flasks, which include 75 µg/ mL and 37.5 µg/mL Glucantime. The number of amastigotes per 100 glial cells was 116 for the flask with 7.5 µg/mL Glucantime concentration, while 487 for the control flask. Conclusion: We found that while high concentrations of Glucantime were toxic for glial cells, 7.5 µg/mL Glucantime concentration managed to reduce the number of Leishmania tropica amastigotes in glial cells.
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    Evaluation of interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-? levels in patients with lichen planus
    (Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2012) Uçmak, Derya; Balcı, Gökçen; Harman, Mehmet
    Objectives: Lichen planus is an immunologic disease mediated by lymphocytes in which T lymphocytes target at basal cells. It is believed that TNF-α that is released from T lymphocytes and keratinocytes plays a key role in the starting and progression of lichen planus by inducing apoptosis. MHC Class-I antigens on basal keratinocytes and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IFN-gamma (γ) that are produced from CD4+ T cells stimulate the apoptosis of keratinocytes in lichen planus. The aim of this study was to measured the IL-2 and TNF-α levels in peripheral blood from patients with Lichen planus. Materials and methods: A total of 26 lichen planus patients (18 females, 8 males) that applied to the dermatology policlinics in Dicle University Hosspital between 2004 and 2006 and a healthy control group were included in the study. Serum IL-2 and TNF-α levels were measured by using Immulate 1000 solid phase and two-site chemiluminescent immunometric assay method. The results of patients and control group were compared. Results: Level of IL-2 (1172.615 ± 774.967) and TNF-α (13.361 ± 5.638) were higher in lichen planus to compared controls. IL-2 and TNF-α levels in the patient group were found to be significantly high statistically compared to health control group, respectively p=0.004 and p<0.001. Conclusion: The high levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in lichen planus patients support the role of immunity in the pathogenesis of the disease
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    The frequency of osteoporosis in patients with pemphigus vulgaris on treatment
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2013) Ucmak, Derya; Harman, Mehmet; Ucmak, Feyzullah; Akpolat, Veysi
    Background: Pemphigus vulgaris was almost fatal before the advent of glucocorticoids. Unfortunately, the high doses and prolonged administration of glucocorticoids, which often needed to control the disease, result in numerous adverse effects many of which are serious. Aims: To evaluate the patients with pemphigus vulgaris on treatment in respect of osteoporosis and to compare the frequency of osteoporosis in these patients with the healthy ones. Methods: The study consisted of 40 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 34 healthy controls. Bone mineral density measurements were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood serum, bone parameters, and biochemical hormonal measurements were examined in both groups. Results: When the bone mineral density values of patients with pemphigus vulgaris were compared with those of the control group, there was no significant difference between hip bone mineral density values, while lumbar region T and Z scores were found significantly low in the patient group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.006, respectively). Osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry rates in the patient group were found to be 32.5%, 32.5%, and 35%, respectively. These rates were found to be 18%, 23%, and 59% in control group, respectively. There were more fractures in the patient group and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Conclusion: An increase in osteoporosis frequency and secondary fracture to osteoporosis in the patients with pemphigus vulgaris was detected.
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    Hypereosinophilia in Erythrodermic Psoriasis: Superimposed Scabies
    (Quadrant Healthcom Inc, 2014) Harman, Mehmet; Ucmak, Derya; Akkurt, Zeynep Meltem; Turkcu, Gul
    Scabies is a common ectoparasitic disease that can be diagnosed based on the presence of pruritus and typical clinical signs including burrows, vesicles, and erythematous papules. If a desquamative disease such as psoriasis precedes scabies, then the disease course may be altered. Pruritus may be absent and typical scabies lesions may be concealed due to the preexisting disease, resulting in delayed diagnosis. We present 2 cases of scabies in a brother and sister with erythrodermic psoriasis. In both cases peripheral hypereosinophilia suggested scabies. In patients with erythematous scaly inflammatory skin diseases who are treated with immunosuppressive agents, peripheral eosinophilia also could suggest scabies; therefore, a search for sarcoptic mites in skin scrapings should be undertaken.
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    Infecting Glial Cells with Antimony Resistant Leishmania tropica: A New ex-vivo Model
    (Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2018) Zorbozan, Orcun; Harman, Mehmet; Evren, Vedat; Erdogan, Mumin Alper; Kilavuz, Asli; Tunali, Varol; Cavus, Ibrahim
    Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that shows different clinical features like cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral and viscerotropic forms. The protocols used in the treatment of leishmaniasis are toxic and have many limitations during administration. One of the limitations of treatment is the resistance against the protocols in practice. There is also a need to define new treatment options especially for resistant patients. Ex-vivo models using primary cell cultures may be a good source for evaluating new drug options in patients with antimony resistance, in addition to in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In this study, it was aimed to define a new ex-vivo culture model to evaluate treatment options in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis who did not respond to treatment. In our experimental model of ex-vivo infection, Leishmania tropica promastigotes isolated from a case previously diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis were used. The primary astroglial cell culture used for the ex-vivo model was prepared from 2-3 days old neonatal Sprague Dawley rat brains under sterile conditions by the modification McCarthy's method. The astroglia cells, which reached sufficient density, were infected with antimony resistant L.tropica promastigotes. After 24 hours of incubation, the supernatant on the cells were collected, the cell culture plate was dried at room temperature, then fixed with methyl alcohol and stained with Giemsa to search for L.tropica amastigotes. Amastigotes were intensely observed in glia cells in primary cell cultures infected with L.tropica promastigotes. No promastigotes were seen on Giemsa stained preparations of the precipitates prepared from the bottom sediment after the centrifugation of the liquid medium removed from the infected plates. In this study, promastigotes from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient unable to respond to pentavalent antimony therapy were shown to infect rat glia cells and converted to amastigote form. This amastigote glial cell model, as far as we know, is the first model in the literature produced by L.tropica. The occurrence of L.tropica amastigote forms in glia cells may be indicative of the ability of Leishmania species to infect the central nervous system. The central nervous system may be an area for the Leishmania amastigotes to escape from the immune system in cases of leishmaniasis without a treatment response. Our study is important because it is the first study to show the infection of glia cells with L.tropica amastigotes.
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    Investigation of malaria, leishmaniasis, and scabies risk after earthquakes and recommendations for prevention
    (Galenos Publishing House, 2023) Tunalı, Varol; Harman, Mehmet; Özbilgin, Ahmet; 0000-0003-1799-2539
    This study examines the risk of malaria, leishmaniasis, and scabies following earthquakes in southeastern Türkiye. The focus is on the impact on the local population and Syrian immigrants. Recommendations for prevention include vector control measures such as indoor residual spraying and distribution of insecticidal nets. Surveillance and early detection through rapid diagnostic tests and active case finding are important. Public awareness campaigns and community engagement are crucial for promoting protective measures. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, providing essential supplies, and capacity building is essential. For leishmaniasis, early detection and treatment, vector control, health education, and community engagement are vital. Scabies outbreaks affect the socioeconomically depressed local population and Syrian immigrants. Early detection, treatment, contact tracing, health education, hygiene promotion, and improved living conditions are necessary. Implementing these interventions and strategies can effectively prevent, control, and manage these diseases. Tailoring approaches to the specific context and needs of affected communities is crucial. By addressing these challenges, we can protect the health and well-being of the affected population.