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Öğe Ajuga vestita ve Ajuga xylorrhiza bitkilerinin petrol eteri, aseton ve metanol ekstrelerinin bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi(2016) Haşimi, Nesrin; Tolan, VeyselBu çalışmada, Diyarbakır çevresinden toplanan endemik Ajuga vestita BOISS. ve Ajuga xylorrhiza KIT TAN bitkilerine ait petrol eteri, aseton ve metanol ekstrelerinin antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antikolinesteraz, mutajenik ve antimutajenik aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Ekstrelerin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak, patojenik dört bakteri (gram pozitif Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 ve gram negatif Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615) ve bir maya (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) üzerinde test edilmiştir. Her iki bitkinin aseton ekstresi S. pyogenes üzerinde orta derecede antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. Ayrıca A. xylorrhiza aseton ekstresi E. coli üzerinde orta derecede, metanol ekstresi de P. aeroginosa üzerinde düşük derecede aktivite göstermiştir ki, bu değer pozitif kontrol olarak kullanılan vankomisinin aynı mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki etkisinden daha yüksektir. Ekstrelerin toplam fenolik miktarları pirokatekole, toplam flavonoit miktarları kersetine eşdeğer olarak tayin edildikten sonra antioksidan aktiviteleri ?-karoten renk açılım, DPPH serbest radikali giderim, ABTS ve CUPRAC yöntemleri kullanılarak belirlendi. Ekstreler genel olarak yüksek antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. Öyle ki; bazı ekstreler pozitif kontrol olarak kullanılan BHT ve ?-tokoferolden daha yüksek aktivite göstermiştir. Antikolinesteraz aktivite Ellman yöntemi kullanılarak asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ve bütürilkolinesteraz (BChE) enzimlerine karşı belirlenmiştir. Her iki bitkinin aseton ekstreleri için antikolinesteraz aktivite testi sonucunda ekstrelerin standart olarak kullanılan galantamine göre yüksek derecede aktif olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. A. vestita petrol eteri ve A. xylorrhiza metanol ekstreleri asetilkolinesteraz enzimine karşı galantamine çok yakın aktivite göstermiştir. Ekstrelerin mutajenik ve antimutajenik özellikleri Salmonella/mikrozom kısa zamanlı test sistemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Mutajenite deneyleri S9 varlığında ve yokluğunda Salmonella typhimurium TA98 ve TA100 suşu üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda test edilen ekstrelerin uygulanan konsantrasyonlarda mutajenik etki göstermediği, buna karşın ekstrelerin bazı konsantrasyonlarının NaN3 ve Daunomycine mutajenlerine karşı %0.59 (TA98–A. vestita metanol ekstresi–100 ?g/petri) ile %91.75 (TA100– A. vestita petrol eteri ekstresi –500 ?g/petri) oranları arasında antimutajenik etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu tez çalışması ile A. vestita ve A. xylorrhiza söz konusu biyolojik aktiviteler açısından ilk kez araştırılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ajuga vestita, Ajuga xylorrhiza, Antimikrobiyal Aktivite, Antioksidan Aktivite, Antikolinesteraz Aktivite, Mutajenite, Antimutajenite, Salmonella/Mikrozom TestiÖğe Anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) ve kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.) tohumlarının uçucu yağ kompozisyonu ile antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi(2014) Kızıl, Süleyman; Tolan, Veysel; Haşimi, Nesrin; Kılınç, ErsinBu çalışmada, anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) ve kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.) tohumlarının uçucu yağ bileşenleri ile bu yağların antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uçucu yağ bileşenleri GC/MS cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Yağların antimikrobiyal özellikleri disk difüzyon yöntemi ile Gram pozitif (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615), Gram negatif (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bakterileri ve maya (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) kullanılarak, antioksidan özellikler ise DPPH yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Anason uçucu yağının esas bileşeninin trans-anetol (% 52.94) olduğu, bunu iso-anetol (% 13.89), karyofillen oksit (% 8.55) ve karyofillen (% 4.29)’in izlediği; kimyon uçucu yağının ise sırası ile ?-pinen (% 15.77), ?- terpinen (% 15.52), 1-fenil-1-butanol (% 15.13) ve kuminik aldehit (% 12.74) içerdiği saptanmıştır. Anason uçucu yağının mikroorganizmalar üzerinde düşük, kimyon uçucu yağının ise orta derecede antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Kimyon uçucu yağı C. albicans’a karşı 22±0.9 mm’lik inhibisyon zon çapı ile yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. P. aeruginosa her iki uçucu yağa karşı direnç göstermiştir. Kimyon uçucu yağının antioksidan aktivitesi (% 75.60) askorbik asit aktivitesine (% 78.75) yakın, BHA (% 50.45) ve BHT (% 23.54) aktivitesinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Anason düşük antioksidan aktivite (% 23.24) göstermiş olmasına rağmen BHT ile benzer aktivite göstermiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan örneklerin aktivite sıralaması askorbik asit>kimyon>BHA>BHT>anason şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir.Öğe Biological and chemical comparison of natural and cultivated samples of satureja macrantha C.A.Mey(ACG Publications, 2021) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Fırat, Mehmet; Reşitoğlu, Barış; Haşimi, Nesrin; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Demirköz, Aslı Barla; Kolak, Ufuk; Öksuz, SevilAbstract: In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivated Satureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S. macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biological activities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results, terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of the naturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinene hydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivated samples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mg analyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivated sample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated sample was found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples were determined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions, and soil structure.Öğe A detailed biological and chemical investigation of sixteen schillea species' essential oils via chemometric approach(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2020) Yener, İsmail; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Tekin, Fetullah; Haşimi, Nesrin; Alkan, Mehmet Hüseyin; Öztürk, Mehmet; Ertaş, Abdülselam; 0000-0002-2093-4949; 0000-0001-8932-4535; 0000-0002-0988-9462; 0000-0002-4090-7227; 0000-0002-0761-6436; 0000-0002-2193-8386Representatives of the Achillea genus are widely used as foods or nutraceuticals. Considering the increasing demand for herbal dietary supplements with health promoting effects, the objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils obtained from sixteen Achillea species (A. biebersteinii, A. wilhelmsii subsp. wilhelmsii, A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri, A. vermicularis, A. monocephala, A. nobilis, A. goniocephala, A. sintenisii, A. coarctata, A. kotschyi subsp. kotschyi, A. millefolium subsp. millefolium, A. lycaonica, A. spinulifolia, A. teretifolia, A. setacea, and A. schischkinii). Anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase enzymes inhibition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, toxic and cytotoxic activities of obtained essential oils were investigated. DPPH activities were found to be very low in all studied samples, while ABTS and CUPRAC antioxidant activities were found to be moderate. In addition, all samples were found to have moderate anticholinesterase and antimicrobial effects. It has been determined that the studied species have low cytotoxicity and high toxicity. Besides, chemical composition of the essential oils were determined by GC/MS and the results were chemometrically analyzed. The chemometric analyses of Achillea species collected from nine different regions were accomplished by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) techniques. According to the PCA analysis, A. nobilis subsp. neilreichii was found to be different from all studied species in terms of essential oil composition. The major components found in these species were piperitone, camphor, alpha-terpinene, eucalyptol, artemisia ketone, endo-borneol, beta-eudesmol and verbenol. The fact that camphor was toxic and found in majority of the studied species stands out as a remarkable result.Öğe Evaluation of genotoxic effects of C60 fullerene-?-Fe2O3 and multiWall carbon nanotubes-?-Fe2O3 nanoparticles(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2018) Demirci, Özlem; Haşimi, Nesrin; Kılınç, Ersin; Tolan, VeyselThe use of magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine applications has increased significantly in recent years. Genotoxic evaluation ofthe nanomaterials used for this purpose is therefore very important. In our study, the genotoxic effect of C60 fullerene-γ-Fe2O3 andmulti-wall carbon nanotubes-γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles over a wide concentration range (0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0µg/plate) was investigated using the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test. These magnetic nanoparticles did not cause genetic damage toSalmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Due to the rapid increase in the presenceof nanoparticles in our daily lives, mutagenicity and toxicity data related to nanoparticles are quite valuable. For this reason, in vivo andin vitro studies that allow for effective evaluation of these compounds is of the utmost importance.Öğe Investigation of Biological Activities of Some Microalgae Extract Isolated from Kabakli Pond (Diyarbakır) Turkey(Adiyaman University, 2024) Çakmak, Feysel; Özkan, Ahmet İsmail; Haşimi, Nesrin; Demirci, Özlem; Ciniviz, Melike; Varişli, Lokman; Kilinç, ErsinThe antimicrobial, antioxidant and mutagenic activities of methanolic extracts of microalgae species isolated from Kabakli Pond (37° 55' 23N, 40°17' 40E, Diyarbakır) and identified as Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck and Chroococcus limneticus Lemmermann were investigated. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the ABTS•+ assay of C. vulgaris (36.63%) and C. limneticus (28.48%) at a concentration of 100 µg/ml concentration. The DPPH and CUPRAC assays showed weak activity. The antioxidant activity did not appear to be significant for either species when compared with the positive controls. C. vulgaris showed high antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone and MIC value against S. aureus. There seemed to be no mutagenic activities; however, C. limneticus showed an effect on the colony structure of S. typhimurium strain TA98. C. vulgaris has a good antimicrobial potential, whereas C. limneticus has relatively weak potential. C. limneticus a relatively has a higher antioxidant activity compared to C. vulgaris, but the activities of both extracts are weak compared to the controls. None of the tested extracts showed mutagenic activity against S. typhimurium TA98 at any of the concentrations. These organisms via different solvents or extraction systems since they may affect various biological systems. © 2024, Adiyaman University. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of Biological Activities of Some Microalgae Extract Isolated from Kabakli Pond (Diyarbakır) Turkey(Adıyaman University, 2024) Çakmak, Feysel; Özkan, A. İsmail; Haşimi, Nesrin; Demirci, Özlem; Ciniviz, Melike; Varışlı, Lokman; Kılınç, ErsinThe antimicrobial, antioxidant and mutagenic activities of methanolic extracts of microalgae species isolated from Kabakli Pond (37° 55' 23N, 40°17' 40E, Diyarbakır) and identified as Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck and Chroococcus limneticus Lemmermann were investigated. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the ABTS•+ assay of C. vulgaris (36.63%) and C. limneticus (28.48%) at a concentration of 100 µg/ml concentration. The DPPH and CUPRAC assays showed weak activity. The antioxidant activity did not appear to be significant for either species when compared with the positive controls. C. vulgaris showed high antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone and MIC value against S. aureus. There seemed to be no mutagenic activities; however, C. limneticus showed an effect on the colony structure of S. typhimurium strain TA98. C. vulgaris has a good antimicrobial potential, whereas C. limneticus has relatively weak potential. C. limneticus a relatively has a higher antioxidant activity compared to C. vulgaris, but the activities of both extracts are weak compared to the controls. None of the tested extracts showed mutagenic activity against S. typhimurium TA98 at any of the concentrations. These organisms via different solvents or extraction systems since they may affect various biological systems.Öğe Investigation of genotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of leaf and flower extracts of Cynara syriaca boiss(Ankara University, 2019) Karaşın, Nurhüda; Tolan, Veysel; Haşimi, Nesrin; Demirci, ÖzlemThe mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of leaves and flower extract of Cynara syriaca Boiss were studied with Ames assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. While leaves extract did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation, the flower extract showed mutagenic effect against TA98 strain without metabolic activation. On the other hand, it has been observed that the extracts have antimutagenic activity against mutations induced by sodium azide and daunomycin. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion and MIC value. Both of the extracts possess weak antimicrobial activity. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical cation decolorization methods were carried out to determine the antioxidant activity. Among the tested antioxidant methods, the highest antioxidant capacity was determined in ABTS radical cation decolorization assay in which both of the extracts exhibited the best effect. Flower extract exhibited higher activity also in DPPH free radical scavenging.Öğe LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia towards their total phenolic-flavonoid contents and biological activities(Ersin YÜCEL, 2017) Haşimi, Nesrin; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Boğa, Mehmet; Temel, Hamdi; Demirci, Serpil; Özden, Tuğba Yılmaz-Present work aims to determine the chemical profile and some biological activity of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia. The chemical contents of Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus and Astragalus schizopterus were characterised by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. In terms of biological activity; the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were determined. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the major components were also determined and compared to the antioxidant capacities of these extracts. The most abundant flavonoids in these Astragalus species were determined as rutin 1028.276-13351.76 µg/g extract and hesperidin 1604.348-9695.435 µg/g extract . A high amount of quinic acid 111302.774 µg/g extract was detected in A. schizopterus methanol extract. Palmitic acid C16:0 was found to be the major compound in A. leporinus var. hirsutus 32.9% , A. distinctissimus 32.5% , and A.schizopterus 23.4% . A. schizopterus methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant effect in lipid peroxidation 19.62±0.29 , DPPH free 54.61±0.38 and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activity 22.01±0.07 , and CUPRAC assays. Among all of the extracts, only A. leporinus var. hirsutus petroleum ether extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes. The methanol extracts of the plants exhibited moderate activity against C. albicans. A. leporinus var. hirsutus methanol extract indicated the most viability against L929 fibroblast cells, and the highest cytotoxic effect against A549 cells. In consideration of our findings , these Astragalus species used as animal feed could be a source of naturally, biologically active agents that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industryÖğe LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses of three endemic Astragalus species from Anatolia towards their total phenolicflavonoid contents and biological activities(2017) Özden, Tuğba Yılmaz; Haşimi, Nesrin; Boğa, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Kolak, Ufuk; Kayıran, Serpil Demirci; Temel, HamdiBu çalışmada, Anadolu'da yetişen üç endemik Astragalus türünün kimyasal içeriği ile bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Astragalus leporinus var. hirsutus, Astragalus distinctissimus ve Astragalus schizopterus türlerinin kimyasal içeriği LC-MS/MS ve GC-MS ile karakterize edilmiştir. Biyolojik aktivite açısından; ekstrelerin antioksidan, antikolinesteraz, antimikrobiyal ve sitotoksik aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, ekstrelerin ana bileşenlerinin de antioksidan özellikleri belirlenerek elde edilen sonuçlar ekstrelerin antioksidan kapasiteleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışılan Astragalus türlerinde en bol bulunan flavonoidin rutin (1028,276-13351,76 µg/g ekstre) ve hesperidin (1604,348-9695,435 µg/g ekstre) olduğu, ayrıca A. schizopterus metanol ekstresinde de yüksek miktarda kuinik asit (111302,774 µg/g ekstre) bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Palmitik asitin (C16:0), A. leporinus var. hirsutus (%32,9), A. distinctissimus (%32,5) ve A.schizopterus (%23,4)'da başlıca bileşik olduğu saptanmıştır. A. schizopterus metanol ekstresi lipit peroksidasyon (19,62±0,29), DPPH serbest radikal (54,61±0,38) , ABTS katyon radikali süpürücü aktivitesi (22,01±0,07), ve CUPRAC yönteminde en yüksek aktiviteyi göstermiştir. Çalışılan tüm ekstrelerden sadece A. leporinus var. hirsutus petrol eteri ekstresi orta derecede asetil- ve bütiril- kolinesteraz enzim inhibisyonu sergilemiştir.. Bitkilerin metanol ekstreleri C. albicans'a karşı orta derecede antimikrobiyal aktivite ortaya koymuşlardır. A. leporinus var. hirsutus metanol ekstresi, L929 fibroblast hücrelerine karşı en fazla canlılığı ve A549 hücrelerine karşı en yüksek sitotoksik etkiyi göstermiştir. Çalışmdan elde ettiğimiz bulgular ışığında, hayvan yemi olarak kullanılan bu Astragalus türleri, gıda ve ilaç endüstrisinde kullanılabilen doğal, biyolojik olarak aktif maddeler kaynağı olabilir.Öğe Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Pulicaria dysenterica from Turkey(Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Estitüsü, 2014) Boğa, Mehmet; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Yeşil, Yeter; Haşimi, Nesrin; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Özaslan, Cumali[Özet Yok]
