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    Effects of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension on the Endocrine Functions of the Pancreas in Rats
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011) Boyuk, Abdullah; Balik, Ahmet; Gumus, Metehan; Erdogan, Fazli; Gumustekin, Kenan; Kiziltunc, Ahmet; Polat, Kamil Yalcin
    Background: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) has negative effects on the functions of intra-and extra-abdominal organs and systems. Intra-and extraperitoneal hemorrhage, diffuse intestinal and retroperitoneal edema, intestinal ileus or obstruction, necrotizing pancreatitis, intra-abdominal packing, intra-abdominal sepsis, and pneumoperitoneum can all cause IAH. No studies were found in the literature relating to the effects of IAH on the endocrine functions of the pancreas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of IAH on the endocrine functions of the pancreas. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into four groups: control, sham control, and two study groups, each containing 10 rats. In one of the study groups, animals were subjected to IAH of up to 20 mm Hg and in the other study group to 25 mm Hg, for 3 hours. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and pancreatic tissue samples for histopathologic examination. Results: The results showed that glucagon levels were increased in the study groups (p < 0.001) and insulin levels were decreased (p < 0.001). There were no differences between the control and sham control groups. Histopathologic examination showed inflammatory cell infiltration in exocrine pancreatic tissue and vascular congestion in the islets of Langerhans. Conclusion: IAH causes an increase in glucagon levels and a decrease in insulin levels. These changes may be due to both the direct effects of IAH and the indirect effects of other organs that are affected by IAH.
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    Effects of nicotine and vitamin E on 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity in some rat tissues in vivo and in vitro
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Ciftci, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Hayrullah; Coban, T. Abdulkadir; Gul, Mustafa; Gumustekin, Kenan; Dane, Senol
    The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine affects 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) enzyme activity in some rat tissues, and to see the modulatory effects of vitamin E on this effect in vivo. In addition, the effects of nicotine and vitamin E on 6PGD activity were also tested in vitro. The groups were: nicotine [0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal (i.p.)]; nicotine + vitamin E [75 mg/kg/day, intragastric (i.g.)]; and control group (receiving only vehicles). There were eight rats per group and supplementation period was 3 weeks. The results of in vivo study showed that nicotine activated the muscle, lungs, and testicular 6PGD enzyme activity but had no effect on heart and liver 6PGD activity. Also, nicotine + vitamin E activated the muscle, testicle, and liver 6PGD enzyme activity while this combination had no effect on heart, and lungs in vivo. When nicotine is administered with vitamin E the increase in 6PGD enzyme activity in muscle and testicles were lower. On the other hand the increase in 6PGD enzyme activity was eliminated by vitamin E in lungs, while 6PGD enzyme activity was increased by vitamin E, which was not affected by nicotine only. In vitro results correlated well with in vivo experimental results. Our results suggest that vitamin E may favourably increase 6PGD enzyme activity in liver in nicotine treated rats, while it has negligible effects on this enzyme activity in other tissues.