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Öğe Chemical Content by LC-MS/MS, Antiglaucoma, and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Samples From Different Regions of Türkiye(Wiley, 2024) Izol, Ebubekir; Bursal, Ercan; Yapici, Ismail; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yilmaz, Isa; Gulcin, IlhamiPropolis is a sticky substance produced by bees because of the reaction of beeswax, pollen, and bee enzymes. Particularly, their biological activity and chemical content attract attention. Thus, in this study, the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances, Fe3+-Fe2+, Cu2+ (cupric ions reducing activity [CUPRAC]), and Fe3+-TPTZ (ferric ions reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) reducing, and DPPH center dot and ABTS center dot+ scavenging assays in vitro antioxidant properties of propolis samples obtained from four different provinces of T & uuml;rkiye were determined. In addition, the chemical content of propolis samples was quantitatively determined by LC-MS/MS, and the antiglaucoma property was revealed by hCAII enzyme inhibition. Propolis samples from Ordu presented the highest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid content (492.3 +/- 5.8 and 96.1 +/- 2.1, respectively) and also highest antioxidant activity (DPPH center dot and ABTS center dot+ IC50 [mu g/mL]: 8.884 +/- 0.84 and 4.589 +/- 0.80, respectively; Fe+3, CUPRAC, and FRAP: 1.051 +/- 0.012, 1.021 +/- 0.008, and 0.957 +/- 0.007 mu g/mL, respectively). hCAII enzyme inhibition was highest in Mu & scedil; propolis (IC50 [mu g/mL]: 8.6) as determined. By LC-MS/MS, 53 different components were screened and 35 bioactive components were determined. According to the results, propolis was found to be a raw material because it contains high concentrations of acacetin, chrysin, caffeic acid, and quinic acid (123.824, 24.759, 47.779, and 16.32 mg analyte/g extract, respectively).Öğe Evaluation of Phenolic Contents and Bioactivity of Root and Nutgall Extracts from Iraqian Quercus infectoria Olivier(Acg Publications, 2017) Hamad, Hewa Omar; Alma, Mehmet Hakki; Gulcin, Ilhami; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Karaogul, EyyupThe extracts of powdered root and nutgall of Iraqian Aleppo oak (Q. infectoria) were obtained by using three different solvents along with two extraction methods. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was implemented to identify phytochemicals in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Also, for measurement of antibacterial activity, disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used. Specifically, the nutgall extracts were found to have higher concentration of phenolic acid contents, and to some extent flavonoids and greater antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in comparison with the root extracts. Furthermore, microwave extraction technique was proven to be much more effective than conventional one in view of extraction yield for both plant parts used here.Öğe A multidimensional study for design of phytochemical profiling, antioxidant potential, and enzyme inhibition effects of ıs,gın (Rheum telianum) as an edible plant(Elsevier, 2025) Tel, Ahmet Zafer; Aslan, Kubra; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Gulcin, IlhamiThe present study reveals in vitro antioxidant properties and the phytochemical content of a novel Rheum species (Rheum telianum), which grows in Southeastern Anatolia. To perform the analysis, dried leaves and seeds of the plants were ground and extracted with ethanol to obtain plant secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. Then, dried extracts were subjected to in vitro DPPH scavenging and Cupric reducing (CUPRAC), Fe3+, and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition to the antioxidant capacity assays, quantitative phenolic, flavonoid, and secondary metabolite were determined through spectrophotometric and LC-MS/MS chromatographic methods. IC50 values showed that both leaves and the seeds of the R. telianum have high inhibitory properties over DPPH radicals with 20.79 and 5.67 mu g/mL, respectively. The samples' dominant secondary metabolites were evaluated through the LC-MS/MS analysis results. The inhibition effects of both leaves and the seeds of the R. telianum extracts on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, alpha-glycosidase and human carbonic anhydrases II isoenzyme enzymes, which associated with some global diseases including Alzheimer's disease, type-2 diabetes mellitus and glaucoma were determined. In conclusion, the extracts' contents and functional relationship and the plants' possible usage in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries was revealed.Öğe RP-HPLC/MS/MS Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Salvia L. Species(Mdpi, 2016) Tohma, Hatice; Koksal, Ekrem; Kilic, Omer; Alan, Yusuf; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Gulcin, Ilhami; Bursal, ErcanThe identification and quantification of the phenolic contents of methanolic extracts of three Salvia L. species namely S. brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed, S. aethiopis L., and S. microstegia Boiss. and Bal. were evaluated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, UV adsorption, and mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS). In order to determine the antioxidant capacity of these species, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing assay (CUPRAC) and ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing assay (FRAP) were performed to screen the reducing capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed for evaluation of the radical scavenging activity for both solvents. In further investigation, the antimicrobial activities of Salvia species were tested using the disc diffusion method against three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative microbial species, as well as three fungi species. The results showed that there is a total of 18 detectable phenols, the most abundant of which was kaempferol in S. microstegia and rosmarinic acids in S. brachyantha and S aethiopis. The other major phenols were found to be apigenin, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid. All species tested showed moderate and lower antioxidant activity than standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extracts of Salvia species revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activity. S. brachyantha and S. microstegia showed the highest antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis, whereas S. aethiopis was more effective on Y. lipolytica. None of the extracts showed anti-fungal activity against S. cerevisiae. Thus these species could be valuable due to their bioactive compounds.
