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    Antioxidant Status and DNA Damage in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with or without Comorbid Disruptive Behavioral Disorders
    (Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Ozaner, Soner; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Kaya, Mehmet Cemal
    Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate oxidative stress and DNA damage among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without disruptive behavioral disorders (DBD). Methods: A total of 49 treatment naive children (M/F: 40/9) who were diagnosed with ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV criteria were included. The patients with ADHD were divided into two groups, those with ADHD alone (n= 25) and ADHD plus DBD (n= 24). The control group consisted of 40 age-and sex-similar healthy children. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Life-time version (K-SADS-PL) was applied to all children. Children's teachers completed the Turgay DSM-IV Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx), coenzyme Q, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured by the ELISA method using commercial kits. Results: There were no significant differences in serum GPx, SOD, CoQ and 8-OHdG levels among the pure ADHD, ADHD plus DBD and the control groups (p>0.05). No statistically significant correlations were found between the severity of ADHD symptoms and GPx, SOD, CoQ and 8-OHdG levels. Conclusion: Our study suggests that oxidative stress may not play a key role in the pathogenesis of pure ADHD and ADHD plus DBD.
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    Cortisol and ACTH levels in drug-naive adolescents with first-episode early onset schizophrenia
    (Wiley, 2017) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Aktas, Huseyin
    The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in adolescents with first-episode early onset schizophrenia. A total of 23 adolescent patients, who did not receive prior therapy and who were diagnosed with psychosis according to DSM-IV, were included. Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale were conducted with the participants. No significant differences were found between the patients and the control subjects in serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels (P>.05). Our study's findings do not support the hypothesis of increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in first-episode early onset schizophrenia.
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    Cortisol and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels Prior to Treatment in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
    (Physicians Postgraduate Press, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Alaca, Rumeysa
    Objective: In this study, we investigated serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol levels between children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) prior to treatment and healthy controls. In addition, the study aimed to assess any correlations between OCD symptom severity and BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels. Methods: Twenty-nine children, aged from 7 to 17 years (male/female: 21/8) and diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-IV prior to treatment, were compared with 25 healthy control subjects (male/female: 16/9). The study was conducted between December 2012 and December 2013. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) were administered to the children. BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels were detected using a prepared kit with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels in the OCD group were significantly higher when compared with the control group (P=.02, P=.03, and P=.046, respectively). No association was detected between the severity and duration of OCD symptoms and BDNF, ACTH, and cortisol levels. CDI scores in both groups were similar. The mean (SD) duration of OCD symptoms was 17.9 (18.5) months. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that BDNF levels adaptively increase as a result of the damaging effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity on brain tissue in the early stages of OCD. HPA axis abnormalities and BDNF may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. (C) Copyright 2016 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
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    DNA damage and antioxidants in treatment naive children with obsessive-compulsive disorder
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba
    The current study aimed to investigate whether serum antioxidant levels and DNA damage differ between the children and adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. The study included 31 children (Male/Female, 22/9; age range 7-17 years), with treatment naive OCD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V) and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Children's Yale Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (CY-BOC) was applied to the children. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), coenzyme Q (CoQ), and 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were all measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. GPx, CoQ and 8-OHdG levels were found to be significantly higher in the OCD group, compared to the control group (p=0.010, p=0.034, p=0.010, respectively); however, no significant difference was found in the SOD levels between two groups (p=0.10). There were no correlations between the CY-BOC scores, depression scores, duration of the disease and biochemical parameters (p > 0.05, for all). Children with OCD were found to have higher antioxidant levels and oxidative DNA damage. The findings of this study support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of OCD. In this regard, any possible effect of adding antioxidants to conventional treatment can be investigated. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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    Effects of Gluten-Free Diet on Quality of Life and Depression in Children With Celiac Disease
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Simsek, Seref; Baysoy, Gokhan; Gencoglan, Salih; Uluca, Unal
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of depression and quality of life in children with celiac disease (CD). In addition, it aimed to examine the relations of depression level and life quality with adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Methods: Twenty-five children with CD and 25 healthy controls were included. The Depression Scale for Children and the General Purpose Health-Related Quality of Life Scale for Children were performed on patients before and after receiving recommendations to follow a GFD. Results: No significant differences were found in the depression scores between the patients and the control subjects (P>0.05). In contrast, total scores and scores of the emotional well-being subscale of the measure of Quality of Life Scale for Children were significantly lower in patients with CD compared with the control group (P<0.05). No significant improvements were observed in depression or life quality scores of the total subsample of celiac patients, all of whom received a recommendation to follow a GFD (P>0.05). Significant decrease was observed in the depression scores, however, of celiac patients who were able to actually adhere to the GFD compared with nonadherent patients. Conclusions: CD negatively affected quality of life in children. Adherence to GFD was associated with reduction in depression symptoms. Improving the adherence of celiac patients to a GFD may have a favorable effect on their depression symptoms.
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    Evaluation of the Relationship between Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels and the Stroop Interference Effect in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    (Aves, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Aktas, Huseyin; Alaca, Rumeysa
    Introduction: Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, impairment in executive functions has been reported in children with ADHD. This study investigated the presence of a relationship between Stroop test scores and BDNF levels in children with ADHD. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. The study included 49 children between 6 and 15 years of age (M/F: 42/7), who were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV, and who did not receive previous therapy. Similar in terms of age and gender to the ADHD group, 40 children were selected in the control group. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version was administered to all participants. Parents and teachers were administered Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale to measure symptom severity in children with ADHD. Children with ADHD underwent the Stroop test. BDNF levels were evaluated in serum by ELISA. Results: The ADHD and control groups did not differ in terms of BDNF levels. BDNF levels did not differ between ADHD subtypes. There was also no relationship between the Stroop test interference scores and BDNF levels. Conclusion: The findings of the present study are in line with those in studies that demonstrated no significant role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
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    Lower Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels in Untreated Adolescents With First-Episode Psychosis
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Aktas, Huseyin
    Objective Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the relationship between early onset schizophrenia and BDNF has not been extensively studied. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of BDNF between adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the healthy control subjects. Method The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. A total of 26 adolescent patients aged between 11 and 17 years who had not received previous therapy and whose conditions were diagnosed with psychosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy adolescent control subjects were included. Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version, and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale were conducted with all participants. The clinical global impression was used to evaluate disease severity. The BDNF levels were measured in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The mean (SD) age was 14.6 (1.6) years in both FEP group (male/female, 11/15) and the control group (P > 0.05). The FEP group had significantly lower serum BDNF levels (2.0 1.9 ng/mL) compared with the control group (3.4 +/- 3.0 ng/mL, P = 0.03). There was no significant relationship between BDNF concentration and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (positive and negative scores) scores (r = -0.14, P = 0.74 and r = 0.49, P = 0.22, respectively). There was no significant relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis and serum BDNF levels (r = -0.22, P = 0.32). Conclusions High incidence of schizophrenia in patients with FEP suggests a relationship between BDNF levels and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We suggest that BDNF may be a useful neurobiological marker of early onset schizophrenia.
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    Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Untreated First-Episode Psychosis in Adolescents
    (Karger, 2016) Simsek, Seref; Gencoglan, Salih; Yuksel, Tugba; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Alaca, Rumeysa; Aktas, Huseyin
    Objective: Oxidative stress has been reported to play a role in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, though only a few studies have investigated the relationship between early onset schizophrenia and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of oxidative stress and the presence of DNA damage in first-episode psychosis (FEP) in adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry of the Dicle University Hospital. It included 20 adolescent patients (age 11-17 years) with psychosis (acute psychosis, schizophreniform disorder, or schizophrenia) according to DSM-IV criteria who had received no previous psychiatric therapy (patient group) and 20 age/gender-matched healthy adolescents (control group). Structured psychiatric interviews [Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS)] were conducted on the patients, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale was used to evaluate the severity of disease. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), coenzyme Q (CoQ), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined using the ELISA method and commercial ELISA kits. Results: The mean age was 14.5 +/- 1.6 years in the FEP group (male-to-female ratio: 8/12) and 14.4 +/- 1.5 years in the control group (male-to-female ratio: 8/12). There were no differences between the patient and control groups in terms of SOD, GPx, or 8-OHdG values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study on DNA damage and oxidative stress in FEP in adolescents had a small sample size, and our data suggest that oxidative stress is associated with a chronic disease course rather than being an early sign of early-onset schizophrenia. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel