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Öğe Alchemilla pseudocartalinica Juz: Phytochemical screening by UPLC-MS/MS, molecular docking, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-glaucoma, and anti-alzheimer effects(ACG Publications, 18.03.2024) Güven, Leyla; Ertürk, Adem; Alwasel, Saleh; Gülçin, İlhami; Yılmaz, Mustafa AbdullahAlchemilla species (Rosaceae) are popularly known as 'Lady's Mantle, Lion's claw' and are used for medicinal purposes as diuretic, laxative, tonic, and wound healing agents. Bioactivities and phenolic content of Alchemilla pseudocartalinica Juz. species have yet to be investigated. Our research focused on assessing the antioxidant characteristics of A. pseudocartalinica methanol (MEAP) and water extracts (WEAP), as well as their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha-glycosidase (alpha-gly), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzymes. Additionally, we conducted chemical characterization using UPLC-MS/MS and investigated the correlation between major phenolic compounds and enzymes through molecular docking analysis. To assess the antioxidant activities of the MEAP and WEAP, six test systems were employed, including DPPH, ABTS, DMPD, FRAP, CUPRAC, and Fe3+ reducing assays. The outcome showed that the methanol extract of the plant generally has stronger antioxidant activity. In addition, UPLC-MS/MS analysis indicated, miquelianin (44.095 mg/g), quinic acid (17.054 mg/g), and ellagic acid (6.492 mg/g) were significant in the methanol extract. A molecular docking study revealed a significant affinity for binding between the hCAII enzyme and quinic acid, miquelianin, and AChE/alpha-gly enzymes. A. pseudocatalinica methanol and water extracts have high antioxidant activity and good inhibition effect against AChE, alpha-glycosidase, and hCA II enzymes.Öğe Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of nepeta trachonitica: Analysis of its phenolic compounds using HPLC-MS/MS(MDPI, 2017) Köksal, Ekrem; Tohma, Hatice; Kılıç, Ömer; Alan, Yusuf; Aras, Abdülmelik; Gülçin, İlhami; Bursal, ErcanContinuing our work on the sources of natural bioactive compounds, we evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Nepeta trachonitica as well as its major phenolic content using the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technique. For antioxidant activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods were performed to measure the reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to evaluate the radical scavenging activity of the sample. For antimicrobial activity, three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative microbial species as well as three fungi species were tested. N. trachonitica appeared to have reasonable antioxidant activity and decent antimicrobial activity as indicated by the inhibition of the organisms’ growth. The most susceptible species were Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 among the organisms tested. Ethanol extract of the plant has the highest effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae but no effect on Yarrowia lipolytica. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that at least 11 major phenolic compounds of N. trachonitica exist, the major ones being rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid and quinic acid. The obtained results suggest that N. trachonitica could be a promising source for food and nutraceutical industries because of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds.Öğe The comparison with commercial antioxidants, effects on colour, and sensory properties of green tea powder in butter(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Çakmakçı, Songül; Gülçin, İlhami; Gündoğdu, Engin; Öztekin, Hatice Ertem; Taslimi, ParhamOxidation is one of the most important factors limiting shelf life and is a major deterioration process affecting both the sensory and nutritional quality of food. The high oxidation stability of lipids, which can be improved by the addition of antioxidants, is important for health protection, food quality, and economic reasons. In recent years, research on plant-derived antioxidants for use in human health and food has steadily increased. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects of green tea powder (GTP) in butter with those of commercial antioxidants (BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol, and Trolox). In addition, the effects on colour, sensory, gross physicochemical properties, and β-carotene content were investigated in butter. After the separation of butter into five pieces, the first part was chosen as the control sample without GTP; the second part has 100 mg/kg of BHT added to it; and the third, fourth, and fifth parts had 1, 2, and 3% of GTP added in the samples. They were stored at 4 ± 1 °C. Analysis was performed at intervals of 15 days. According to the iron reduction, CUPRAC and FRAP methods were performed, and parallel results were observed. Using the radical elimination methods (ABTS, DPPH•, and DMPD•+), IC50 values were calculated for the samples. According to the IC50 values, the GTP-containing samples were good antioxidants. The total phenolic andf β-carotene contents increased as the GTP addition increased. The addition of GTP had an antioxidant capacity equal to or higher than that of the BHT-added sample. For the production of a sensory-pleasing, greenish-coloured, new functional butter, the 1% GTP addition showed the most positive results.Öğe Comprehensive metabolite profiling of berdav propolis using LC-MS/MS: Determination of antioxidant, anticholinergic, antiglaucoma, and antidiabetic effects(MDPI, 2023) Karageçili, Hasan; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertürk, Adem; Kızıltaş, Hatice; Güven, Leyla; Alwasel, Saleh H.; Gülçin, İlhamiPropolis is a complex natural compound that honeybees obtain from plants and contributes to hive safety. It is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of propolis were investigated; ABTS•+, DPPH• and DMPD•+ were prepared using radical scavenging antioxidant methods. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of propolis were 53 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 170.164 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively. The ferric ion (Fe3+) reduction, CUPRAC and FRAP reduction capacities were also studied. The antioxidant and reducing capacities of propolis were compared with those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol and Trolox reference standards. The half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values of propolis for ABTS•+, DPPH• and DMPD•+ scavenging activities were found to be 8.15, 20.55 and 86.64 μg/mL, respectively. Propolis extract demonstrated IC50 values of 3.7, 3.4 and 19.6 μg/mL against α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzyme, respectively. These enzymes’ inhibition was associated with diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and glaucoma. The reducing power, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition capacity of propolis extract were comparable to those demonstrated by the standards. Twenty-eight phenolic compounds, including acacetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, naringenin, chrysin, quinic acid, quercetin, and ferulic acid, were determined by LC-MS/MS to be major organic compounds in propolis. The polyphenolic antioxidant-rich content of the ethanol extract of propolis appears to be a natural product that can be used in the treatment of diabetes, AD, glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancerous diseases.Öğe Comprehensive phytochemical content by LC/MS/MS and anticholinergic, antiglaucoma, antiepilepsy, and antioxidant activity of apilarnil (Drone larvae)(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2023) İnci, Hakan; İzol, Ebubekir; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; İlkaya, Mehmet; Bingöl, Zeynebe; Gülçin, İlhamiApilarnil is 3–7 days old drone larvae. It is an organic bee product known to be rich in protein. In this study, the biological activities of Apilarnil were determined by its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition effects. Antioxidant activities were determined by Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe3+-TPTZ ((2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), reducing ability and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH⋅) scavenging assays. Also, its enzyme inhibition effects were tested against carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I, hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Antioxidant activity of Apilarnil was generally lower than the standard molecules in the applied methods. In DPPH⋅ radical scavenging assay, Apilarnil exhibited higher radical scavenging than some standards. Enzyme inhibition results towards hCA I (IC50: 14.2 μg/mL), hCA II: (IC50: 11.5 μg/mL), AChE (IC50: 22.1 μg/mL), BChE (IC50: 16.1 μg/mL) were calculated. In addition, the quantity of 53 different phytochemical compounds of Apilarnil was determined by a validated method by LC/MS/MS. Compounds with the highest concentrations (mg analyte/g dry extract) were determined as quinic acid (1091.045), fumaric acid (48.714), aconitic acid (47.218), kaempferol (39.946), and quercetin (27.508). As a result, it was determined that Apilarnil had effective antioxidant profile when compared to standard antioxidants.Öğe Comprehensively revealing the profile of Pistacia vera L. cv. Siirt Turpentine - Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Antiglaucoma effects(ACG Publications, 2023) Karageçili, Hasan; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Alwasel, Saleh H.; Arık, Mustafa; Gülçin, İlhamiPistacia species containing turpentine which has protective effects and used as a medicine against diabetes, and infections for a long time. To interpret the antioxidant capacities of turpentine from Pistacia vera L. cv. Siirt, 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS•+) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH?), Fe3+-2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) and Cu2+ reducing ability were studied and compared to reference antioxidants of BHT, BHA, ?-Tocopherol, and Trolox. The IC50 of turpentine for ABTS•+ and DPPH? scavenging capacities were determined to be lower than reference antioxidant standards as 231.1 ?g/mL and 346.6 ?g/mL, consequently. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents in turpentine were measured as 12.5 mg GAE/g and 38.852 mg QE/g, respectively. For determination of antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and antiglaucoma effects of turpentine, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), ?-glycosidase and carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzymes inhibition abilities of turpentine were performed. The IC50 values of turpentine extract against ?-glycosidase, hCA II, and AChE enzymes were found as 2.04, 3.59 and 14.6 µg/mL, respectively. The quantity of protocatechuic acid and naringenin were determined using LC-MS/MS against 53 standards. The results clearly demonstrated polyphenolics in P. vera L. cv. Siirt turpentine is a natural product has potential usage in amelioration of glaucoma, AD, diabetes, and epilepsy.Öğe Determination of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anticholinergic, Antiglaucoma Properties and Comprehensive Phytochemical Content by LC-MS/MS of Bingöl Honeybee Pollen(Wiley, 2025) İzol, Ebubekir; Turhan, Münire; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Çağlayan, Cüneyt; Gülçin, İlhamiHoneybee pollen is the most important food and protein source for bees. It is a highly nutritious natural product for humans due to its content. Pollen shows different phytochemical content and variable biological activity according to different geography and vegetation. Therefore, in this study, the comprehensive phytochemical content by LC-MS/MS, and its antioxidant properties by different assays, with enzyme inhibition potential; antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antiglaucoma properties, were determined from a pollen sample from Bingö l province, one of the significant beekeeping centers in Tü rkiye. As a result of LC-MS/MS, 15 metabolites were determined, and the highest concentration of quinic acid (1.531 mg analyte/g extract) was found. Antioxidant results: total phenolic content 113.14 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content 64.11 mg QE/g, Fe3+ reduction 0.43 mu g/mL, CUPRAC 0.511 mu g/mL, FRAP 0.976 mu g/mL, DPPH IC50: 1.06 mu g/mL, ABTS IC50: 0.933 mu g/mL, and DMPD IC50: 0.598 mu g/mL. In addition, pollen showed antiglaucoma, anticholinergic, and antidiabetic properties by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II (hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and alpha- amylase enzymes, respectively. In this study, it was determined that Bingö l pollen has a comprehensive phytochemical content and antioxidant properties and, for the first time, inhibits hCA II, AChE, and alpha-amylase enzymes.Öğe Evaluation of Phenolic Contents and Bioactivity of Root and Nutgall Extracts from Iraqian Quercus infectoria Olivier(2017) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Karaoğul, Eyyüp; Gülçin, İlhami; Alma, Mehmet Hakkı; Hamad, Hewa OmarThe extracts of powdered root and nutgall of Iraqian Aleppo oak (Q. infectoria) were obtained by using three different solvents along with two extraction methods. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was implemented to identify phytochemicals in the extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Also, for measurement of antibacterial activity, disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used. Specifically, the nutgall extracts were found to have higher concentration of phenolic acid contents, and to some extent flavonoids and greater antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in comparison with the root extracts. Furthermore, microwave extraction technique was proven to be much more effective than conventional one in view of extraction yield for both plant parts used hereÖğe Investigation of Cuckoo-Pint's (Arum maculatum) phytochemistry, in vitro antioxidant potential, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial activity(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2024) Aslan, Kübra; Kelle, Kader; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Kopar, Emre Erden; Gülçin, İlhamiArum maculatum, cuckoo-pint in folk linguistics, is a poisonous but medicinal plant with tremendous properties that need investigation. This study subjected cuckoo-pint's parts to in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to investigate its biological activity. Further, phytochemistry was analyzed by both LC–MS/MS and total phenol, flavonoid, saponin, and reducing sugar content determination assays. Antioxidant activities were determined by Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe3+-TPTZ metal-reducing ability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. According to the results, seeds and berries have remarkable metal-reducing and radical-scavenging effects as natural and synthetic analogs such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, trolox, and α-tocopherol. Inhibition studies over human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α-amylase were performed, and IC50 values were determined for each enzyme inhibition. According to the results, the cuckoo-pint seeds inhibited the AChE, BChE, and hCA II activity with greater IC50 values than reference inhibitors. Antimicrobial activity over pan-resistant strains was achieved for each strain with the extracts, at least 20 mm zone diameter was obtained with the lowest concentrations. LC–MS/MS results revealed 24 bioactive metabolites associated with the extracts’ biological activity. Notably, quinic acid and epicatechin correlated with cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity.Öğe Unravelling the phenolic compound reserves, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of an endemic plant species, Achillea pseudoaleppica(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Taslimi, Parham; Kılıç, Ömer; Gülçin, İlhami; Dey, Abhijit; Bursal, ErcanThe present ethnobotanical study unravelled the phenolic reservoir (UHPLC-MS/TQ-MS) and pharmacological activity (antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities) of an endemic plant, Achillea pseudoaleppica Hub.-Mor. (Asteraceae). The effective antioxidant properties of ethanol and water extracts of A. pseudoaleppica leaves were determined by using six different in vitro bioanalytical methods including three reducing antioxidant methods and three radical scavenging antioxidant methods. In the other step of the study, the enzyme inhibitory effects of water and ethanol extracts of A. pseudoaleppica were determined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase enzymes. The ethanol extract was found to have effective inhibition potential for all four respected enzymes. The IC50 values of A. pseudoaleppica extract against AChE, BChE, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase enzymes were found to be 2.67 mg/mL, 4.55 mg/mL, 16.51 mg/mL, and 12.37 mg/mL, respectively. Also, UHPLC-MS/TQ-MS analyses revealed quinic acid as the most abundant phenolic compound of the water extract (31.12 +/- 1.65 mu g/mg) and ethanol extract (11.75 +/- 0.82 mu g/mg). In addition, the molecular docking interaction of the most abundant phenolic compound of A. pseudoaleppica (quinic acid) with AChE, BChE, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase target enzymes were evaluated using Chimera and AutoDock Vina softwares. In conclusion, the rich phenolic content and the potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of A. pseudoaleppica extracts may support the widespread ethnobotanical use of the plant application. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
