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    THE FREQUENCY AND THE TYPE OF DIFFERENT ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PRIMARY AMENORRHEA
    (Carbone Editore, 2014) Agacayak, Elif; Icen, Mehmet Sait; Tunc, Senem Yaman; Evsen, M. Siddik; Kalkanli, Sevgi; Basaranoglu, Serdar
    Aim: Primary anzenorrhea (PA) is defined as the absence of menarche by the age of 14 without the development of secondary sexual characteristics or lack of menstruation by the age of 16 despite the existence of normal growth with the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. We carried out a retrospective study, with the purpose of establishing the frequency and the type of different etiological factors among patients with primary amenorrhea. Material and method: A total of 108 subjects, age ranged from 14 to 33 years were included in the study. A complete physical examination, blood tests for hormonal profile, pelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed to all patients. Besides, genotypic evaluations were also performed for the patients who got the indication. Results: Out of the 108 patients presenting with primary amenorrhea, 40 (37,0%) had gonadal dysgenesis, 25 (23,1%) had Mullerian agenesis and 14 (12,9%) patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The genotypic evaluation revealed that 77.5 % (n=31) of cases had normal chromosome composition whereas 22.5% (n=9) had chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have determined the 3 most common causes of primary amenorrhea are ovarian dysgenesis, Mullerian agenesis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; this data is compatible with the literature. Abnormalities in chromosomal analysis were determined in 22,5% of patients, which is also compatible with the literature. Determining etiology, in this large range of diseases may be confusing in clinical practice. During evaluation of patients with primary amenorrhea; these results should be kept in mind in order to establish an algorithm.