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Öğe A detailed biological and chemical investigation of sixteen schillea species' essential oils via chemometric approach(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2020) Yener, İsmail; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Tekin, Fetullah; Haşimi, Nesrin; Alkan, Mehmet Hüseyin; Öztürk, Mehmet; Ertaş, Abdülselam; 0000-0002-2093-4949; 0000-0001-8932-4535; 0000-0002-0988-9462; 0000-0002-4090-7227; 0000-0002-0761-6436; 0000-0002-2193-8386Representatives of the Achillea genus are widely used as foods or nutraceuticals. Considering the increasing demand for herbal dietary supplements with health promoting effects, the objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils obtained from sixteen Achillea species (A. biebersteinii, A. wilhelmsii subsp. wilhelmsii, A. aleppica subsp. zederbaueri, A. vermicularis, A. monocephala, A. nobilis, A. goniocephala, A. sintenisii, A. coarctata, A. kotschyi subsp. kotschyi, A. millefolium subsp. millefolium, A. lycaonica, A. spinulifolia, A. teretifolia, A. setacea, and A. schischkinii). Anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase enzymes inhibition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, toxic and cytotoxic activities of obtained essential oils were investigated. DPPH activities were found to be very low in all studied samples, while ABTS and CUPRAC antioxidant activities were found to be moderate. In addition, all samples were found to have moderate anticholinesterase and antimicrobial effects. It has been determined that the studied species have low cytotoxicity and high toxicity. Besides, chemical composition of the essential oils were determined by GC/MS and the results were chemometrically analyzed. The chemometric analyses of Achillea species collected from nine different regions were accomplished by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) techniques. According to the PCA analysis, A. nobilis subsp. neilreichii was found to be different from all studied species in terms of essential oil composition. The major components found in these species were piperitone, camphor, alpha-terpinene, eucalyptol, artemisia ketone, endo-borneol, beta-eudesmol and verbenol. The fact that camphor was toxic and found in majority of the studied species stands out as a remarkable result.Öğe A detailed chemical and biological investigation of twelve allium species from Eastern Anatolia with chemometric studies(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2021) İzol, Ebubekir; Temel, Hamdi; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yener, İsmail; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Kaplaner, Erhan; Fırat, Mehmet; Ertaş, Abdülselam; 0000-0002-4090-7227; 0000-0001-9225-7425; 0000-0002-0988-9462; 0000-0002-2093-4949; 0000-0002-2193-8386Allium species are widely consumed as food all over the world. The phenolic profile of ethanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of 12 Allium species, collected from five different Eastern Anatolia regions, were studied using LC-MS/MS. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were also tested. The multivariate analyses were performed using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Seventeen of 27 standard compounds were detected in all Allium species. The major components were mainly identified as quinic acid, malic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid. The aerial parts possessed better antioxidant activity than roots. Aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense exhibited high cytotoxic activity against DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines (IC50 12.5 mu g/mL). A. shatakiense and A. vineale demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli (MIC 75 mu g/mL). According to chemometric analysis, differences were detected between aerial parts and the roots. The aerial parts of A. atroviolaceum, A. chrysantherum, A. kharputense, and A. shirnakiense could be potent in the pharmaceutical industry while A. shatakiense and A. vineale in the food industry after further investigations.Öğe Essential oil contents of Hypericum linarioides , H. helianthemoides, and H. lydium with their biological activities: Importance of Hypericum genus in the cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries(Springer, 2023) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdülselam; Dincel, Demet; Fırat, Mehmet; Kocakaya, Şafak Özhan; Yigitkan, Serkan; Türkmenoğlu, Fatma Pınar; Aydın, Fırat; Kolak, UfukIn the literature, more than 3000 studies have been carried out on species in the Hypericum genus in the last ten years, especially for H. perforatum. The importance of Hypericum species in traditional medicine and modern medicine is increasing day by day. From this point of view, the chemical composition of H. linarioides, H. helianthemoides, and H. lydium essential oils was analyzed by GC-MS/FID. In addition, their antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities along with their enzyme inhibitory potentials (cholinesterase, urease, tyrosinase, elastase and, collagenase) were defined. Also, in vitro and in silico studies of the major components of the species have been carried out on the studied enzymes. H. linarioides and H. helianthemoides were found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (63.96% and 43.86%, respectively), and H. lydium in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (48.41%). The major components were indicated as α-pinene for H. linarioides (50.39%) and for H. helianthemoides (36.84%), and β-selinene for H. lydium (10.12%). H. lydium essential oil exhibited very high cytotoxic activity on breast cancer (MCF-7) (selectivity indices SI: 12) and colon cancer (HT-29) (SI: 2) cell lines. In particular, the selectivity indice value in MCF-7 cell lines of H. lydium could have natural therapeutic potential for breast cancer. H. lydium possessed neuropharmacological potential due to its high anticholinesterase activity. Since H. linarioides indicated high anti-aging potential (tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzyme inhibitory activities), it could be used in the cosmetic industry.Öğe An investigation and comparison of concentration change in simulated body fluid medium conditions of the calcium element in 27 different salvia species(Istanbul University, 2023) Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Fırat; Fırat, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdülselam; Elmastaş, AyhanBackground and Aims: In this study, calcium (Ca) element concentration changes of Salvia species in simulated body fluid (SBF) medium conditions were investigated and the results in these medium conditions were compared with each other. Methods: Salvia species samples were air-dried and ground into powder. Salvia species was prepared as a herbal tea. Prepared teas were left in three different SBF medium conditions. The samples were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method to determine the Ca absorptions. Also, a correlation analysis of the results obtained in three different SBF medium conditions and the species in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) medium conditions was performed. Results: When the SBF medium conditions were compared, it was determined that the highest Ca absorption of all Salvia species occurred in the SGF conditions. Thus, it can be said that the Ca in plants and foods occurs in the gastric fluid medium and its absorption occurs there. When the result of the correlation analysis was evaluated, it was determined that there was a stronger correlation between the SGF and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) mediums compared to other mediums. Conclusion: The Ca absorption was determined according to what remained in the SGF the most. Based on the results obtained from SBF medium conditions, it can be said which element is taken in which body fluid medium. Information on the differences between samples belonging to different SBF medium conditions was not obtained. However, when the simulated fluid medium conditions were evaluated individually, information was obtained for two or more samples.Öğe Phytochemical fingerprints and bioactivities of ripe disseminules (Fruit-Seeds) of seventeen gundelia (Kenger-Kereng Dikeni) species from Anatolia with chemometric approach(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2021) Ertaş, Abdülselam; Fırat, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yiğitkan, Serkan; Bakır, Derya; Çakır, Cansel; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; 0000-0002-4090-7227; 0000-0002-0988-9462; 0000-0002-2193-8386; 0000-0002-6202-1515; 0000-0002-0339-635XGundelia species are known as Kenger-kereng dikeni in Anatolia, and their aerial parts are consumed as food. Also, roots and seeds (disseminules) of the Gundelia species are used to prepare gum and coffee. The chemical contents of ethanol and hexane extracts of disseminules of 17 Gundelia species, 13 of them are endemic, were studied using LC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Additionally, their antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory capacity against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase were determined. The unsaturated fatty acid ratios of Gundelia species were higher than their saturated fatty acid ratio. The highest sum of oleic and linoleic acid was detected in G. tournefortii var. tenuisecta (70.42 %). beta-Sitosterol, alpha-amyrin, 3-acetyllupeol were identified in 17 Gundelia species by GC/MS, while chlorogenic acid and luteolin by LC/MS/MS as major compounds. The ethanol and hexane extracts of G. siirtica, G. rosea, and G. mesopotamica indicated good cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among all species, ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis exhibited the best activity in ABTS (IC50: 32.30 +/- 0.98 mu g/mL), DPPH (IC50: 59.91 +/- 0.89 mu g/mL), and CUPRAC (A(0.5): 57.41 +/- 1.03 mu g/mL) assays. Ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis also displayed the highest inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (51.14 +/- 0.25% at 200 mu g/mL), urease (51.71 +/- 1.75% at 200 mu g/mL), and tyrosinase (39.50 +/- 0.85% at 200 mu g/mL) enzymes. According to the chemometric analysis of fatty acids, four groups were observed. Therefore, it is suggested that G. colemerikensis can be used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties.Öğe Trace element analysis in some salvia species by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Icp-ms) and chemometric approach(Marmara University, 2020) Tunay, Zeki; Yener, İsmail; Oral, Elif Varhan; Demirkoz, Aslı Barla; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Fırat, Mehmet; Öztürk, Mehmet; Aydın, Işıl; Aydın, Fırat; Ertaş, AbdülselamIn this study, the stems, leaves, flowers, roots and mixed all parts of five Salvia species were analyzed for their trace element (Li, Be, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and U) contents using ICP-MS. The seeds, roots leaves, flowers, and mixed parts of each species were digested by concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave by before ICP-MS the analysis. The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated by CRM 1573a Tomato Leaves. Trace element contents in different parts of each sample were compared. Concentration of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) were lower than those declared by WHO, except Cr content. Cr content in the root sections of Salvia suffruticosa (SFR), S. hydrangea (SHR), S. trichoclada (STR), S. xanthocheila (SXR), leaf samples of S. kronenburgii (SKL) and S. xanthocheila (SXL). also the Cr content in the leaf sections of Salvia kronenburgii (SKL) Salvia xanthocheila (SXL) was found high. When consider the daily metal (Zn, Cu, Sr, Ba and Ni) needs It was concluded that these Salvia species can be nutritive sources. In addition, Salvia samples were classified by utilizing chemometric techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). While the first two main components explained 55.30% of the total variance, the first six main components explained 89.60% of total variance. © 2020 Marmara University Press.
