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    Are middle school mathematics teachers able to solve word problems without using variable?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Ozdemir, Burcin Gokkurt; Erdem, Emrullah; Ornek, Tugba; Soylu, Yasin
    Many people consider problem solving as a complex process in which variables such as x, y are used. Problems may not be solved by only using 'variable.' Problem solving can be rationalized and made easier using practical strategies. When especially the development of children at younger ages is considered, it is obvious that mathematics teachers should solve problems through concrete processes. In this context, middle school mathematics teachers' skills to solve word problems without using variables were examined in the current study. Through the case study method, this study was conducted with 60 middle school mathematics teachers who have different professional experiences in five provinces in Turkey. A test consisting of five open-ended word problems was used as the data collection tool. The content analysis technique was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the most of the teachers used trial-and-error strategy or area model as the solution strategy. On the other hand, the teachers who solved the problems using variables such as x, a, n or symbols such as Delta, square, circle, * and who also felt into error by considering these solutions as without variable were also seen in the study.
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    Öğe
    SYNBIOTIC THERAPY INCREASES ERADICATION RATE IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI ERADICATION
    (Carbone Editore, 2013) Sahin, Onder; Yesil, Atakan; Senates, Ebubekir; Akdogan, Mehmet Fatih; Konur, Sevki; Erdem, Emrullah; Dal, Mehmet Sinan
    Background: Probiotics are used in combinations of H. pylori eradication regimens with variable results. Many strains tested had shown positive effects on side effect profiles. However, a clear effect on eradication rate is studied thoroughly. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of a synbiotic combination in clarithromycin-based triple eradication therapy. Methods: Ninety-two patients who were infected with H. pylori (confirmed via endoscopic biopsy) were randomized into two groups: those undergoing standard triple treatment (control group (rabeprozol plus amoksisilin plus clarithromycin bid) n=49) and those receiving symbiotic (triple plus symbiotic bid group n=43). The symbiotic product contained lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and enterococcus. The 13C-breath test was performed at least 6 weeks after completing both therapy regimens. Results: In the synbiotic group, 3 of the patients complained of metallic taste (7.0%). 1 complained of diarrhea (23%), 3 had nausea (7.0%), 2 had gas (4.7%), 3 experienced vomiting (7.0%) and 1 had constipation (23%). In the control group, 3 of the patients experienced a metallic taste (63%), 7 had diarrhea (14.6%), 5 had nausea (10.4%), 3 had intestinal bloating (63%), 3 experienced vomiting (63%) and I had constipation (2.1%). There was no significant difference between the two groups. However, side effect intensity and eradication rates were significant different between the groups (p<0.05). The eradication rate in the synbiotic group was 88.4%, while it was 68.8% in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The addition of synbiotic to triple therapy decreases the rate of antibiotic-related side effects. It also increases H. pylori eradication rates in clarithromycin-based triple therapy.