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    A comparison of the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid and neutral lipid of Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) mussels from 4 different localities in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan
    The quantitative and qualitative fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and neutral lipid were investigated and compared for specimens of the freshwater mussel Unio elongatulus. Samples were collected from 4 different localities in Turkey: Cagcag Brook in Nusaybin (Mardin), Fabrika Brook in Cinar (Diyarbakir), the Tigris River under and Sigma SFA levels. As is characteristic of freshwater mussels, Sigma omega 6/Sigma omega 3 ratios were found to be high in all lipid fractions. the Sadi Bridge (Diyarbakir), and Kirkcesme Spring in Sultankoy (Mardin). Phospholipids and neutral lipids of the mussels' whole tissues were fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fatty acid analyses were done by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both in the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions, C16:0 (17.20%-22.17%), C16:1 omega 7 (9.21%-15.31%), C18:1 omega 9 (12.21%-23.12%), C18:2 omega 6 (12.12%-16.10%), and C20:4 omega 6 (5.86%13.10%) acids were found to predominate. The percentage of C20:4w6 acid, a precursor of eicosanoids, was shown to be high in the phospholipid fractions. In the neutral lipids, total monounsaturated fatty acids (Sigma MUFA) levels were determined to be higher than total saturated fatty acids (Sigma SFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (Sigma PUFA) levels. In the phospholipid total, however, Sigma PUFA levels were noted to be higher than Sigma MUFA and Sigma SFA levels. As is characteristic of freshwater mussels, Sigma omega 6/Sigma omega 3 ratios were found to be high in all lipid fractions.
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    Determination of fatty acids from phospholipid subclasses in the total body and cephalopedal tissues from edible snail Helix lucorum
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2015) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan; Kizmaz, Veysi
    Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the nutritive value of Helix lucorum meat and to create awareness about fatty acid composition of phospholipid subclasses of the total body and cephalopedal tissues of the snail. Methods: Thin layer chromatography plates contained lipid samples placed in the chromatography tank containing: chloroform/ethanol/water/triethylamine. The phospholipid subclasses were dissolved in about 5 ml of methanol and 5 drop of sulfuric acid. The mixture was refluxed for 2 h to form fatty acid methyl esters at 85 degrees C. Fatty acids were detected by Gas chromatography. Results: The most noteworthy result was the high level of C20:2 omega 6 in PE (10.49%-11.35%) and PC (17.33%-12.96%). Appreciable quantity of essential fatty acid C18:2 omega 6 was determined in PC (20.85%-17.46%) and PE (16.88%-17.53%) from both tissues. Precursor of eicosanoids, C20:4 omega 6 was found apparently high in PI, PS and PE of the total body. The highest level of SPUFA was 63.90% in PE from total body whereas the highest level of SSFA was 60.79% in PI from the cephalopedal. SMUFA level was pretty low in PI, PS and PE. Conclusion: The study is a guide for biochemical and nutritional value of edible snails and can be useful for further investigation on physiological and systematic studies of other species.
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    DRUSIA (DRUSIA) IBERA (EICHWALD, 1841) (GASTROPODA: PARMACELLIDAE), THE FIRST RECORDS OF A TERRESTRIAL SLUG IN TURKEY
    (Conchological Soc Great Britain & Ireland, 2022) Ekin, Ihsan; Sesen, Ridvan
    The rare species Drusia (Drusia) ibera (Eichwald, 1841) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Parmacellidae) is reported for the first time in Turkey (Diyarbakir). Specimens studied have large, rough skin and a large granular, banded mantle with a large pneumostoma on the right of the posterior part. The body length of well-developed adults is between 10 and 12cm. The general body tone is light olive-brown (grayish with brownish hue); the large mantle has spots and conspicuous bands that converge toward the end of the mantle. One specimen was dissected for its genitalia to confirm the identity of the species. Other records of Parmacellidae from Turkey, recently posted on iNaturalist, also appear to belong to this species. The study aims to reveal the presence of D. (D.) ibera in Turkey and contribute to the Turkish slug checklist. This record brings the total of terrestrial slug species in Turkey to 49, and most are distributed in the North Anatolia region.
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    Fatty acid composition of lipid classes in two mussel populations (Anodonta piscinalis and Corbicula fluminalis) living in Tigris River
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2012) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan
    Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate quantitative and qualitative fatty acid composition of phospholipid, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and total body lipid of two adult freshwater mussels, Anodonta piscinalis (Nilsson, 1822) and Corbicula fluminalis (Muller, 1774). Methods: Mussels' body lipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments were used to detect the fatty acids. Results: C16:0, C18:0, C16:1 omega 7, C18:1 omega 9, C18:2 omega 6 and C20:4 omega 6 were the dominant fatty acids. Their total percentages are between 70.37% and 82.11% in A. piscinalis and between 66.70% and 75.53% in C. fluminalis. As characteristic to freshwater mussels, Sigma omega 6/Sigma omega 3 ratio was defined high in all lipid fractions. In both of the mussels, the maximum level of total polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in the phospholipids, and the maximum level of the total saturated fatty acids was found in the monoacylglycerol fractions. However, the level total monounsaturated fatty acids showed differentiations among fractions. In comparison to other fractions, the phospholipid contained high amount of C20:4 omega 6 and C20:5 omega 3, involved in eicosanoids formation. Conclusion: The study provided insight into the biochemistry and nutritional value of the widely distributed freshwater mussels from Tigris River.
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    Fatty Acid Composition of Selected Tissues of Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Collected from Tigris River, Turkey
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2010) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet
    The total lipid, fatty acid content of some organs and whole specimen of freshwater mussel Unio elongandus were investigated. The mussels were collected in July in 2007 from Tigris River, Turkey. Fatty acid content of selected tissues and whole mussel was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the analyses, predominant fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1 omega 7, C18:1 omega 9, C20:1 omega 9, C20:4 omega 6 and C20:5 omega 3. Analyses of selected organs (mantle, gills, foot and whole body) presented different and characteristic fatty acids profiles. In the gills C16:1 omega 7 (30.2%), C16:0 (17.4%) acids; in the mantle C18:1 omega 9 (20.3%), C16:0 (25.4%) acids; in the foot C16:0 (20.8%), C16:1 omega 7 (15.9%), C18:1 omega 9 (15.4%) acids and in whole body C16:1 omega 7 (27.6%), C16:0 (23.6%) acids were the most abundant constituents. Also the percentages of C20:4 omega 6 and C20:5 omega 3 acids, precursors of eicosanoids, were apparently high in the gills and foot. It is presumed that the chief fatty acids present in a particular organ are related to specific functions of the organ. In all of the tissue analyses, Sigma MUFA levels were higher than Sigma PUFA and Sigma SFA levels.
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    Possible seasonal variation of the fatty acid composition from Melanopsis praemorsa (L., 1758) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia), from southeast Anatolia, Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan
    Possible seasonal variations of the fatty acid composition (neutral lipid, phospholipid, and total lipid content) of the freshwater snail Melanopsis praemorsa were investigated over the course of a year. Snail body lipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid composition of total body lipid, phospholipid, and neutral lipid of whole snail and total lipid of their algal food were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The most abundant fatty acids were C16:0, C18:0, C16:1 omega 7, C18:1 omega 9, C18:2 omega 6, and C18:3 omega 3 acids in the lipid analyses of the snail and in its food. Odd-numbered fatty acids and C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid structures were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Some differences were found in the percentages of phospholipid and neutral, total, and algal lipid. It is proposed that possible seasonal variations in the snail lipids are related to temperature: a positive correlation between the level of Sigma SFA (total saturated fatty acid:;) in total body lipid, phospholipid, and neutral lipid fractions of the snail and temperature was observed, whereas Sigma MUFA (total monounsaturated fatty acids) levels were negatively related with temperature. On the other hand, there were fluctuations in the concentrations of Sigma PUFA (total polyunsaturated fatty acids) in all analyses. In algae, maximal Sigma SFA, Sigma MUFA, and Sigma PUFA levels were registered in summer, spring, and winter, respectively. In addition, C18:2 omega 6 acid percentages in winter and autumn were significantly high in the algae.