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  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    İntihar-gelir ilişkisi : Türkiye için nedensellik analizi
    (Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 2017) Durğun, Funda; Durğun, Burhan
    İntihar ve intiharın nedenleri sosyologlar kadar iktisatçılar tarafından da araştırılan bir konudur. İntiharın literatürde incelenmiş birçok nedeni bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, intiharı sosyolojik etkenlerden ziyade ekonomik etkenlerin belirleyebileceği hipotezi altında durulmuş olup sosyolojik ve demografik değişkenler ise analiz dışı tutulmuştur. Gelirin arttıkça yaşamanın intihara göre daha cazip olacağı görüşü ile Durkheim’in yüksek gelirin intihara yönelteceği görüşü gibi zıt tezler literatürde yer almaktadır. Çalışmada 1975-2015 dönemine ait kişi başına gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla ile kaba intihar hızı serileri arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi zaman serisi analizi yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Serilere öncelikle ADF ve Lumsdaine Papell birim kök testleri uygulanmış ve düzey değerlerinde birim kök içerdikleri görülmüştür. 1. farkları alındığında durağan olan serilerin Hatemi-J Eşbütünleşme testi sonuçları serilerin %10 anlamlılık düzeyinde eşbütünleşik olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Eşbütünleşik serilere Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeline dayalı Granger nedensellik testi uygulanarak kişi başına gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıladan kaba intihar hızına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç artan gelirin intihara sebep olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Is There a Trade-off Between Economic Growth and Environmental Quality? Causality Analysis For Turkey
    (Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2017) Dayanır, Aziz; Durğun, Burhan; Durğun, Funda
    With the industrial revolution, the demand for fossil fuels that cause emissions of carbon and greenhouse gases has increased. This increase in demand is a threat to the environment and sustainability. These harmful emissions that cause climate change affects public health adversely by distorting the ecological balance. Energy is the main input to growth and the demand for energy is growing in Turkey. Turkey has difficulties in the vision of a sustainable economy because energy is mostly generated from fossil fuels that produce carbon emissions in Turkey. The use of renewable energy sources, which do not produce harmful emissions, remains low despite its big potential and recent initiatives in the renewable energy sector. This situation deepens the negative impact on the environment. In this study, the effects of economic growth and the use of renewable energy on environmental pollution in Turkey were investigated for the years 1980-2012. We take gdp per capita (at constant prices) as an economic growth variable, and renewable energy consumption (including hydropower) per capita as a renewable energy variable, and greenhouse gas emission per capita as a greenhouse gas variable. Firstly, ADF and Lumsdaine-Papell unit root tests for two structural breaks were applied to the series. Series contains unit root, but first differences of the series are stationary. The cointegration between the series was tested by the ARDL bound test and it is found that there is a cointegration between the series. In the model, the long and short term coefficients of greenhouse gas emission and growth are statistically significant; while the coefficient of renewable energy consumption is statistically insignificant. Granger causality test based on the vector error correction indicates the presence of bi-directional causality between greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth. Additionally, The Granger causality test also revealed that there is a bi-directional causality between greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy consumption. These results indicate that the growth paradigm in Turkey is highly polluting the environment. The feedback between growth and greenhouse gas emissions shows that greenhouse gas emissions are rising when the economy grows and that the energy generated from fossil fuels is also the engine of the growth. Before environmental pollution can lead to irreparable damage, a significant precautions have to be taken in promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    THE CAUSALITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY
    (Gökhan ÖZER, 2018) Durğun, Burhan; Durğun, Funda
    Oil, natural gas and coal, which are the primary energy sources in the Middle East - whose majority, in general, are experiencing political instability, are rapidly depleting. High dependence on consumable resources indicates that you will face the problem of energy supply security in the near future. The fact that Turkey, which has a high potential of renewable energy, will focus its economy on green economy and renewable resources will have both a risk of energy supply security and a current deficit. In this study, the causality relationship between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita renewable energy consumption (including hydropower) for the period 1980-2015 was examined by means of time series analysis. Firstly, ADF and Zivot-Andrews unit root tests were applied to the series and they were found to contain unit root in level values. The series are stationary in the first difference. The results of the ARDL bound test showed that the variables were co-integrated at a level of significance of 5%.  Toda-Yamamoto causality test was applied to cointegrated series and it was found that unilateral causality relationship from renewable energy consumption to growth These results show that increases in renewable energy consumption will provide economic growth.