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    Biochemical and Histopathological Examination of the Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Rat Kidneys
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2017) Donder, Ahmet; Balahoroglu, Ragip; Dulger, Haluk; Sekeroglu, Mehmet Ramazan; Yilmaz, Ahmet; Aslanhan, Hamza; Deveci, Senay
    OBJECTIVE: To study the negative effects of cigarette smoke on the kidney, and to determine if those effects are reversed after smoking cessation. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 40 rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 each: group I, control group; group II, rats exposed to cigarette smoke; group III, rats that discontinued smoking for 1 month; group IV, rats that discontinued smoking for 3 months; and group V, rats that discontinued smoking for 5 months. Serum urea, creatinine, cotinine, IL-18, NGAL, and KIM-1 levels were measured in the blood samples. RESULTS: Cotinine levels in all groups were similar to those of the control group, but only the nicotine group had a significant increase. The active smoker group exposed to cigarette smoke displayed dense vacuolization. As a result of the exposure to cigarette smoke, increasing levels of urinary creatine, microalbumin, and beta-2 microglobulin and urea in serum led to changes in KIM-1 and NGAL values, which result in dysfunction of glomeruli and tubules. CONCLUSION: We observed that smoking cessation may lead to improvement after 3 months in both biochemical parameters and glomerular and tubular changes and approaches their normal values/structures 5 months later.
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    Öğe
    Ganoderma Lucidum Alleviates Ischemia- Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Wistar Rats
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2021) Donder, Ahmet; Asir, Firat
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) kidney sections of rats induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 40 rats were assigned to 4 groups: control (Sham), I/R, G. lucidum, and I/R+ G. lucidum groups. Prior to animal experiments, 20 mL/kg G. lucidum was administered to the G. lucidum-treated groups for 7 days. The control and 1/R groups received only saline solution. The kidney was exposed to hypoxia for 1 hour by clamping renal vessels and was then allowed to reoxygenate for 6 hours. Blood was taken to measure for serum MDA, MPO, and GSH. Kidney tissues were resected for histological paraffin tissue protocol. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining were performed. RESULTS: MDA and MPO levels were highest in the I/R group but were close to the levels of the control group in the I/R+G. lucidum group. Unlike MDA and MPO values, GSH values were the lowest in the I/R group, but after G. lucidum treatment, GSH levels increased in the I/R+ G. lucidum group. In kidney sections of hematoxylin-eosin staining, the control group showed no pathology. In the I/R group, atrophic glomeruli, degenerated tubular cells, and mononuclear cell infiltration with dilated and congested vessels were observed. In the I/R+ G. lucidum group, I/R pathology was mostly recovered. In the G. lucidum group, ADAMTS-4 expression was moderately expressed in glomerular and tubular cells. The I/R group showed positive ADAMTS-4 expression in mostly inflammatory cells. In the I/R+ G. lucidun: group, ADAMTS-4 was positively expressed only in glomerular structures. In the G. lucidum group, caspase-3 expression was observed in glomerular and tubular cells. The I/R group showed strong caspase-3 activity in glomerular and tubular cells, in vascular cells, and inflammatory cells. The I/R +G. lucidum group showed weak caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSION: Ischemia-reperfusion injury caused histopathological and biochemical alterations in renal tissue; G. lucidum protected tissue structure and integrity by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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    Öğe
    Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Fluoxetine-Induced Hepatotoxicity: An Experimental Study
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Yilmaz, Ahmet; Elbey, Bilal; Yazgan, Umit Can; Donder, Ahmet; Arslan, Necmi; Arslan, Serkan; Alabalik, Ulag
    Background. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. Group I served as control. Group II received CAPE intraperitoneally. Group III received fluoxetine per orally. Group IV received fluoxetine and CAPE. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and liver enzymes including paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels were measured. Liver tissues were processed histopathologically for evaluation of liver injury and to validate the serum enzyme levels. Results. An increase in TOS and OSI and a decrease in TAC and PON-1 levels in serum and liver tissues of Group III were observed compared to Groups I and II. After treatment with CAPE, the level of TOS and OSI decreased while TAC and PON-1 increased in serum and liver in Group IV. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed hepatic injury after fluoxetine treatment and reduction of injury with CAPE treatment. Conclusion. Our results suggested that CAPE treatment provided protection against fluoxetine toxicity. Following CAPE treatment with fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity, TOS and OSI levels decreased, whereas PON-1 and TAC increased in the serum and liver.