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    Erythrocyte zinc level in patients with atopic dermatitis and its relation to SCORAD index
    (Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2016) Karabacak, Ercan; Aydin, Ersin; Kutlu, Au; Ozcan, Omer; Muftuoglu, Tuba; Gunes, Ali; Dogan, Bilal
    Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory disease, characterized by a relapsing-remitting course. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is not completely understood, although the disorder appears to result from the complex interaction between immune abnormalities, genetic and environmental factors. Trace elements are essential for normal functioning of the immune system. Aim: To determine zinc levels in serum and erythrocytes of patients with AD using an atomic absorption spectro-metric technique and to investigate the relationship between those levels and disease activity. Material and methods: Sixty-seven patients and 49 controls were enrolled into the study. The disease severity of AD patients was determined according to the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. We measured zinc levels in serum and erythrocytes by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. Results: Erythrocyte zinc levels were significantly lower in AD patients than in the control group (p < 0.001), whereas serum zinc levels did not differ between the groups (p = 0.148). In the AD patient group there was a negative correlation between the SCORAD score and erythrocyte zinc levels (r = 0.791; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The negative relationship between disease severity and erythrocyte zinc levels might suggest an immunopathological link between AD progression and intracellular zinc metabolism.
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    Öğe
    Flask and reactor scale production of plant growth regulators by Inonotus hispidus: optimization, immobilization and kinetic parameters
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Dogan, Bilal; Yildiz, Zeki; Aksoz, Nilufer; Eninanc, Ayse Betul; Dag, Ilknur; Yildiz, Abdunnasir; Dogan, Hasan Huseyin
    The aims of the presented study are to compare submerged, static, and solid-state fermentation in the production of gibberellic acid (GA(3)), indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) by Inonotus hispidus, to optimize with a statistical approach, and to determine the kinetic parameters under flask and reactor conditions. The maximum concentrations of GA(3), (2478.85 & PLUSMN; 68.53 mg/L), ABA, (273.26 & PLUSMN; 6.17 mg/L) and IAA (30.67 & PLUSMN; 0.19 mg/L) were obtained in submerged conditions. After optimization, these values reached 2998.85 & PLUSMN; 28.85, 339.47 & PLUSMN; 5.50, and 34.56 & PLUSMN; 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Immobilization of fungal cells on synthetic fiber, polyurethane foam, and alginate beads resulted in an increase in plant growth regulators (PGR) production by 5.53%- 5.79% under optimized conditions. At the reactor scale, a significant increase was observed for GA(3) concentration, 5441.54 mg/L, which was 2.14 and 1.45 times higher than non-optimized and optimized conditions in the flask scale, respectively. The maximum values for ABA and IAA were 390.39 and 44.79 mg/L, respectively. Although the specific growth rate (& mu;) decreases relatively from non-optimized flask conditions to optimized reactor conditions, it was observed that the PGR amounts produced per liter medium (r(p)) and per gram biomass (Q(p)) increased significantly. This is the first report on the synthesis of PGR by Inonotus hispidus which could be crucial for sustainable agriculture.