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    Comparative chemical profiling and antioxidant properties of essential oils extracted from: Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Bég and Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Mechraoui, Ibtissam; Mahfoudi, Reguia; Djeridane, Amar; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yousfi, Mohamed
    The current research investigates for the first time, the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from several samples dried stems for Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Bég (F. vulgare) and Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu (D. scoparia). Twenty-seven volatile compounds were detected in F. vulgare. The main compounds were α-pinene (0.53–19.17%), myrcene (2.06–46.49%), δ-3-carene (0–12.56%), α-terpinene (0–12.79%), limonene (1.35–41.86%), cis-β-ocimene (0.32–8.35%), estragol (0.15–45.51%) and anethol (0.03–10.78%), while thirty-seven compounds were identified in D. scoparia, the major components were: α-pinene (0–33%), sabinene (1.93–19.99%) β-pinene (2.59–9.13%) δ-3-carene (0.04–10.39%) p-cymene (0.7–9.41%) limonene (1.9–14.33%), and α-terpinene (0.2–10.46%). The amount of monoterpene compounds in F. vulgare samples was more significant than in D. scoparia samples. However, the amount of sesquiterpenes was higher in D. scoparia samples compared to F. vulgare species. All samples exhibited antioxidant activity that was comparatively lower than that of vitamin E. Furthermore, the F. vulgare species revealed higher antioxidant activity than the D. scoparia species in both tested experiments. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that fenchone, n-hexyl iso-valerate, copaene, anethol, palmitic acid, α-terpineol, and estragol could be the main components contributing to the antioxidant capacity. These results demonstrate that these EOs could be alternative therapeutic agents for preventing oxidative stress-related pathologies.
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    Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uric acid dissolution power of some plant extracts: In vitro therapeutical approach for gout treatment
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Bouakkaz, Hicham; Djeridane, Amar; Mahfoudi, Reguia; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Çakır, Oğuz; Tarhan, Abbas; Lassakeur, Zakaria; Yousfi, Mohamed
    Elevated serum levels of uric acid are associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia and gout. Recent attention has focused on the bioactive properties of plant extracts in preventing disease. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 16 different extracts from four common plants on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase and the dissolution of uric acid, as well as the quantification of certain phytoconstituents and their haemolytic effects on human red blood cells. Results from quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.0001) intra- and inter-specific variability in total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, uric acid, sodium, potassium, and calcium depending on the studied species and the type of solvent used in extraction. A total of 19 phenolic compounds were characterized and quantified using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with an electrospray ionization source operating in both negative and positive ionization modes mass spectrometry, including phenolic acids, flavonoids and other polyphenols. The in vitro antigout activity results indicated that all extracts had the ability to express the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase and to dissolve uric acid at different levels. Therefore, the acetonic extracts of Cistus creticus L., Cistaceae, and Plantago ciliata Desf., Plantaginaceae, had the most significant xanthine oxidase inhibiting effect with values of 13.480 ± 0.596 and 13.020 ± 0.627 µg of allopurinol/mg of dry residue, respectively. Moreover, their aqueous extracts showed the highest dissolving properties of uric acid (solubilities > 450 mg uric acid/l). These extracts also showed no toxic effect against isolated human erythrocytes and may be able to help improve the efficacy of new therapies for gouty arthritis. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)