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Acetone and nanoparticles effect on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine
(Elsevier, 20.11.2023) Çılğın, Erdal; Deviren, Halis; Arpa, Orhan
This research investigated the effects of acetone and metal nano magnesium oxides (MNMgOs) on combustion and emissions in diesel engines. Tests were conducted at various load conditions at a speed of 1500 rpm. The results showed that the use of a low percentage (2 %) of acetone led to increases in instantaneous energy changes, cylinder pressures (CP), heat release rates (HRR), mean gas temperatures (MGT), and pressure rise rates (PRR). However, an increase in acetone concentration and the use of Acetone + MNMgOs resulted in a decrease in combustion parameters. Concentrations of 2 %, 5 %, and 10 % acetone reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 7.85 %, 11.35 %, and 2.23 % respectively, hydrocarbons (HC) by 10.84 %, 15.86 %, and 3.02 % respectively, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by 3.79 %, 2.02 %, and 10.25 % respectively. The combined use of acetone and MNMgOs resulted in a reduction of 1.10 % in CO emissions, 1.48 % in HC emissions, and 10.62 % in NOx emissions.
Conversion of oils with high %FFAs values to biodiesel: One and two-step chemical reactions
(BZT Academy Publishing House, 11.08.2023) Deviren, Halis; Çılğın, Erdal
In this study, an attempt was made to convert turpentine oil (TO) into biodiesel using one and two step chemical processes. The %free fatty acids (FFAs) value of the supplied TO was determined to be 5.8% by the titration method. The TO was obtained from a company that extracts the oil using the cold press method and sells it for commercial purposes. If the FFA value of the oil is above 5%, the soap formed prevents the separation of methyl esters and glycerol. To observe this situation, without reducing the FFA value of the oil, an attempt was made to synthesize biodiesel (TOTB100) using only the transesterification process. Additionally, an attempt was made to synthesize biodiesel (TOETB100) from the same oil using esterification and transesterification processes. After the esterification process, the %FFAs value of the oil was determined to be 2.24% by the titration method, and it was then converted to biodiesel through the transesterification process. The samples synthesized through single and two step reactions, as well as the raw oil, exhibited a peak at 1461.1 cm-1 in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra. However, only the TOETB100 sample exhibited a peak at 1438.8 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectrum. In the two-step chemical process, the conversion of triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters resulted in an increase in absorption at 1438.8 cm-1 (methyl CH asymmetric bending) with an increase in the methyl ester ratio in the reaction medium. In summary, the peak at 1438.8 cm-1 has been chosen to track the quantity of the biodiesel synthesis reaction through the peaks obtained from FT-IR spectra. The peak has been indicated in various studies in the literature to be the most sensitive to changes in biodiesel concentrations.
Dizel Motorlarda Yakıt Katkı Maddeleri Olarak Nanopartiküllerin Kullanımının Araştırılması
(Erciyes University, 2024) Çılğın, Erdal; Deviren, Halis
Öz: Bu araştırmada, hacimsel olarak %80 dizel yakıtı (DY) ve %20 terebentin yağından türetilmiş biyodizelin karışımıyla hazırlanan B20 yakıtının, magnezyum oksit (MgO) nanopartikülleri (NP) ile iyileştirilmiş formu olan B20-NP yakıtının, standart B20 ve DY ile karşılaştırıldığında yanma ve emisyon parametreleri üzerine olan etkileri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, terebentin yağından (TY) esterifikasyon ve transesterifikasyon süreçleri kullanılarak biyodizel sentezi gerçekleştirilmiş ve bunu takiben test yakıtları hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen karışım yakıtlar, önceden belirlenen koşullar altında bir dizel test motorunda deneyler için kullanılmıştır. Test süreci boyunca elde edilen yanma ve emisyon verileri analiz edilmiş ve bu verilere dayanarak grafikler oluşturulmuştur. Grafikler, MgO ile zenginleştirilmiş B20-NP yakıtının, standart B20 yakıtına göre karbon monoksit (CO) emisyonlarında %1,26 oranında azalma, hidrokarbon (HC) emisyonlarında %6,98 oranında düşüş ve azot oksit (NOx) emisyonlarında ise %4,65 oranında bir artış sergilediğini göstermektedir. Yanma verilerinin detaylı incelenmesi neticesinde, MgO ile zenginleştirilmiş B20-NP yakıtının silindir basıncında (SB) %1,85, net ısıl salınım hızında (NISH) %3,03 ve ortalama gaz sıcaklıklarında (OGS) %6,62 düzeyinde artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir.
Enhancing diesel engine efficiency and emission performance through oxygenated and non-oxygenated additives: A comparative study of alcohol and cycloalkane impacts on diesel-biodiesel blends
(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Deviren, Halis
This study evaluates the impact of renewable fuel additives on diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions. Safflower seed oil was converted into biodiesel (BD) through transesterification, achieving a 94.12 % conversion yield, verified by spectroscopic analysis. Test fuels were prepared by adding 5 %, 15 %, and 25 % n-pentanol (PE, oxygenated) and cyclohexane (CHx, non-oxygenated) to diesel fuel (DF) and BD. These blends were tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine under varying loads. At maximum load, BSFC values were 0.251 for DF, 0.333 for 25 % PE, and 0.269 kg/kWh for 25 % CHx. BTE values were 32.184 % for DF, 27.028 % for 25 % PE, and 31.147 % for 25 % CHx. The peak in-cylinder pressure and net heat release for the 25 % PE blend, which were the highest among the test fuels, were 58.148 bar and 37.010 J/°CA, respectively. Average NOx emissions were 171 for DF, 135.75 for 25 % PE, and 170.50 ppm for 25 % CHx. CO emissions were 171 for DF, 149.25 for 25 % PE, and 170.25 ppm for 25 % CHx. Smoke opacity values were 0.75 for DF, 0.308 for 25 % PE, and 0.675 m-1 for 25 % CHx. Despite higher costs, CHx offers reduced environmental impact without significantly compromising engine performance.
Experimental evaluation of the effects of diesel/biodiesel/N-Pentanol blends usage in a diesel engine on emission parameters in different actions
(BZT Academy Publishing House, 25.08.2023) Deviren, Halis
The rapid increase in global warming and the approaching depletion of fossil fuel reserves are steadily increasing the interest in alternative biofuels. Biodiesel, along with heavy and light alcohols and other biomass sources, such as bioalcohols derived from various biomass sources and vegetable oils, plays a significant role as alternative fuels. Ethers, alcohols, and esters, which are oxygenated compounds, enhance the efficiency of fuels by promoting complete combustion and exhibiting high octane/cetane values. Due to these desired properties, they stand out as suitable fuel additives. Additionally, biodiesel and alcohols belong to the class of aliphatic alcohols, which means they do not contain aromatic compounds (such as benzene and its derivatives) in their chemical structures. This offers potential additional advantages in reducing emissions of soot, particles, and toxic substances, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the effects of mixtures of DF, B100, and n-pentanol on emissions were investigated. The pure and blended fuels investigated in emission studies are as follows: Pure DF and pure B100, 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel (DF50B50), 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/n-pentanol (DF50PE50), 50%/25%/25% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n- pentanol (DF50B25PE25), 50%/35%/15% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n-pentanol (DF50B35PE15), and 50%/45%/5% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n-pentanol (D50B45PE5). The fuels DF50B50, DF50PE50, and DF50B25PE25 reduced the smoke opacity (SO) by 80.17%, 96.69%, and 61.98%, respectively, compared to pure DF under maximum load conditions. Under the same load conditions, DF50B50, DF50PE50, and DF50B25PE25 also decreased NOx emissions by 19.18%, 32.08%, and 14.15% compared to DF, while reducing CO emissions by 23.08%, 33.85%, and 6.92%, respectively. These results indicate that the mentioned fuel blends have significantly improved the reduction of smoke opacity and emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) when compared to pure DF at maximum load conditions.
Experimental evaluation of the effects of using diesel/biodiesel/C4 alcohol mixtures in a compression ignition engine on emission parameters
(BZT Academy Publishing House, 11.08.2023) Deviren, Halis
In this study, the %FFAs (Free Fatty Acids) value of the oil was found to be 1.579 mg KOH/g in terms of oleic acid, using the titration method, before the synthesis of safflower seed oil into biodiesel. Since this value is less than 3, it was synthesized into biodiesel with one-step base-catalyzed transesterification reaction. Various fuel properties of the biodiesel were determined using ASTM and EN standard methods, and accordingly discussed. The biodiesel synthesized from safflower seed oil meets both ASTM-D6751 and EN-14214 standards. The blending of alternative biofuels such as biodiesel (B100) and n-butanol into fossil diesel fuels (DF) at certain ratios in recent years, with the aim of controlling emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke, has drawn significant attention. Additionally, since biodiesel and alcohols fall into the aliphatic alcohol category and do not contain aromatic compounds (such as benzene and its derivatives) in their chemical structures, they offer potential additional advantages in reducing soot, particle, and toxic emissions, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, studies in the literature have generally only been conducted with relatively low blend ratios (less than 20%). In this study, the effects on emissions of mixtures of DF, B100, and n-butanol were investigated. The emission values obtained were compared with the emission values of DF, B100, 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel (DF50B50), 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/n-butanol (D50BU50), 50%/25%/25% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol (D50B25BU25), 50%/35%/15% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol (D50B35BU15), and 50%/45%/5% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol (D50B45BU5) blends. Among these blends, DF50B50 and DF50B25BU25 fuels reduced the smoke opacity (SO) by 80.17% and 72.73%, respectively, compared to pure DF under maximum load conditions. Under the same load conditions, DF50B50 and DF50B25BU25 fuels also reduced NOx emissions by 19.18% and 22.64%, respectively, compared to pure DF, while reducing CO emissions by 30% and 18.46%, respectively.
Experimental investigation of the effects of N-Hexanol additive in different fractions on emission parameters in diesel engines
(BZT Academy Publishing House, 25.08.2023) Deviren, Halis; Aydın, Hüseyin
Various modifications can be made to diesel engines to reduce emissions caused by them. However, these modifications may pose technical challenges and may not be cost-effective. Instead, using diesel fuel (DF), biodiesel (B100), and light or heavy alcohol blends in engines can help reduce the emission of pollutants. For this reason/reasons, the effects of DF, B100 synthesized from safflower seed oil, and n-hexanol blends on emissions have been investigated in this study. Emission values obtained, DF, B100, 50%/50% vol% diesel/biodiesel (DF50B50), 50%/50% vol% diesel/n-hexanol (DF50HE50), 50%/25%/25% vol% diesel /biodiesel/n-hexanol (DF50B25HE25), 50%/35%/15% vol diesel/biodiesel/ n-hexanol (DF50B35HE15), and 50%/45%/5% vol diesel/biodiesel/n-hexanol (DF50B45HE5) ) were compared with the emission values of the mixtures. Among these blends, DF50B50, DF50HE50, and DF50B25HE25 fuels reduced smoke opacity (SO) by %80.17, %88.43, and %56.20, respectively, compared to DF at full load. Under the same load conditions, DF50B50, DF50HE50 and DF50B25HE25 fuels reduced NOx emissions by 19.18%, 2.20% and 20.44%, respectively, compared to DF, while CO emissions decreased by 23.08%, increased by 3.85% and decreased by 17.69%, respectively, under the same load conditions.
Experimental investigation of the effects of N-Octanol addition on emission parameters of biodiesel synthesized from safflowers seed oil
(Bilgesina Yayınevi, 28.08.2023) Deviren, Halis; Aydın, Hüseyin
The rapid increase in global warming, limited availability of fossil fuel reserves, and their non-renewable nature have heightened interest in alternative biofuels. Alternative fuels such as biodiesel, vegetable oils and bio alcohols derived from other biomass sources play an important role in fossil fuel substitution. Moreover, oxygenated compounds such as ethers, alcohols, and esters enhance the complete combustion of fuels, increasing efficiency. Due to their high octane/cetane values and desired properties, they stand out as suitable additive fuels. Since these biofuels belong to the aliphatic alcohol class, they do not contain aromatic compounds (benzene and its derivatives). This offers potential additional advantages in reducing emissions of soot, particulate matter, and toxic substances, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). By making various modifications to internal combustion engines, the emissions released into the atmosphere from compression-ignition engines can be reduced to a minimum level. However, these modifications may involve technical and economic challenges. However, the use of diesel fuel (DF), biodiesel (B100), and light or heavy alcohol blends can help engines emit fewer pollutants. The preference for these alternative fuels holds the potential to reduce environmental impacts and offer a sustainable solution. In this study, the effects of DF, B100 synthesized from safflower seed oil, and n-octanol blends on emissions have been investigated. Emission values obtained for DF, B100, 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel (DF50B50), 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/n-octanol (D50OC50), 50%/25%/25% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n-octanol (DF50B25OC25), Emission values of 50%/35%/15% diesel/biodiesel/n-octanol (DF50B35OC15) and 50%/45%/5% diesel/biodiesel/n-octanol (DF50B45OC5) blends were compared. Among these blends, DF50B50, DF50OC50, DF50B25OC25, DF50B35OC15, and DF50B45OC5 fuels reduced the smoke opacity (SO) by 80.17% and 85.12%, 61.16%, 23.97%, and 21.49% compared to DF, respectively, at maximum load. Under the same load conditions, DF50B50, DF50OC50, DF50B25OC25, DF50B35OC15 and DF50B45OC5 fuels reduced nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by 19.18%, 1.89% and 18.87%, increased them by 22.01% and reduced them by 5.97% respectively compared to DF. DF50B50, DF50OC50, DF50B25OC25, DF50B35OC15 and DF50B45OC5 fuels reduced CO emissions by 23.08%, increased 6.15%, decreased 17.69%, increased by 12.31% and decreased by 9.23%, respectively, under the same load conditions.
High FFA Oils: A Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Production via Direct Transesterification and Sequential Esterification-Transesterification Processes
(Erciyes Üniversitesi, 2024) Deviren, Halis; Çılğın, Erdal
In this study, biodiesel production was carried out using a single-step (transesterification) and a two-step (esterification + transesterification) process with Pistacia terebinthus oil (TO), which has a high free fatty acid (FFA) content. TO, containing 5.8% FFA, was converted into biodiesel using single-step (TOTB100) and two-step (TOETB100) methods, and the effects of FFA content on biodiesel yield were analyzed using analytical characterization techniques. According to the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results, the oleic acid content in the TO sample was determined to be 48.4%, while the total Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) content in TOETB100 biodiesel was calculated as 95.7%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed a characteristic peak at 1438.1 cm?¹, indicating FAME formation in the TOETB100 biodiesel. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H NMR) and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹³C NMR) analyses showed that the conversion efficiency of TOTB100 biodiesel was lower (60.74%) compared to that of TOETB100 biodiesel (78.01%). As a result, it was determined that the two-step method provides higher conversion efficiency and FAME content compared to the single-step method in biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content. These findings suggest that the two-step chemical process is a more suitable method for biodiesel production from oils with high FFA content.
Investigation of the effect of N-Decanol addition to safflower seed oil biodisel on emission parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine
(Bilgesina Yayınevi, 28.08.2023) Deviren, Halis; Aydın, Hüseyin
The high level of emissions and pollution caused by diesel engines increases the importance of developing low-emission and high-efficiency fuel technologies. Implementing various modifications in engines has the potential to reduce emissions, however, these adjustments can lead to technical difficulties and inefficiencies in terms of cost. In this case, as an alternative solution, the use of diesel fuel (DF), biodiesel (B100), nanoparticle and light or heavy alcohol mixtures can be considered; these fuels can help engines produce less polluting emissions. As it is known, the main reason why internal combustion engines emit emissions such as particulate matter, hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) into the atmosphere is incomplete combustion of the fuel. The high oxygen content of fuels such as biodiesel and alcohol can solve these combustion problems. The focus of this study is a detailed investigation of the effect on emissions of mixtures of DF, B100 derived from safflower seed oil with a low Free Fatty Acid (%FFAs) value, and n-decanol. Emission values obtained for DF, B100, 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel (DF50B50), 50%/50% volume ratio diesel/n-decanol (DF50DE50), 50%/25%/25% volume ratio diesel/biodiesel/n-decanol (DF50B25DE25), Emission values of 50%/35%/15% diesel/biodiesel/n-decanol (DF50B35DE15) and 50%/45%/5% diesel/biodiesel/n-decanol (DF50B45DE5) blends were compared. Among these blends, compared to DF at maximum load, DF50B50, DF50DE50, DF50B25DE25, DF50B35DE15, and DF50B45DE5 fuels reduced smoke opacity (SO) by 80.17%, 86.78%, 54.55%, 21.49%, and increased it by 15.70%, respectively. Under the same load conditions, compared to DF, NOx emissions were reduced by 19.18%, 21.38%, 17.30%, increased by 34.91%, and reduced by 15.72% respectively with DF50B50, DF50DE50, DF50B25DE25, DF50B35DE15, and DF50B45DE5 fuels. Under the same load conditions, CO emissions were also reduced by 23.08%, 15.38%, 16.15%, increased by 40%, and reduced by 16.92% respectively with DF50B50, DF50DE50, DF50B25DE25, DF50B35DE15, and DF50B45DE5 fuels.
Investigation of the use acetone as an additive in diesel engines
(Academy Global Publishing House, 30.06.2023) Deviren, Halis; Çılğın, Erdal
In this study, the use of acetone as an oxygenated liquid fuel additive in diesel engines was investigated. Before the tests, a mixture fuel was created by adding 3% acetone by volume to the diesel oil. Combustion and emission characteristics were investigated by using a diesel engine at 1500 constant engine speed and different average effective pressures (BMEP). Results; With the addition of 3% acetone to diesel fuel, increases were observed in all combustion parameters (in-cylinder pressure, pressure increase rate, average gas temperature, heat release rate). While reductions in carbon monoxide emissions were observed, increases in azocoxides were observed.
Production and physicochemical properties of safflower seed oil extracted using different methods and its conversion to biodiesel
(Elsevier, 01/07/2023) Deviren, Halis; Aydın, Hüseyin
The production and physicochemical characterization of high quality biodiesel from the from safflower seed oil extracted by different extraction methods was studied. The oil extraction efficiencies of various extraction methods were compared. The hydraulic press, continuous pressing (expeller) and soxhlet extraction methods were used to extract oil from safflower seeds. The soxhlet extraction method was found to have the highest oil extraction efficiency up to 32.49%. The majority of fatty acid compositions of the safflower seed oil obtained were oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) with 30.9% and 56.4%, respectively. In other words, it has been determined that the unsaturated fatty acids of safflower seeds oil constitutes more than 89% of total fatty acids. The synthesis of safflower seeds oil into a high quality biodiesel product was carried out by a one-step transesterification process catalyzed by an alcohol/oil molar ratio of 4.799/1 and KOH catalyst. The synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification process was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and GC-FID chromatograms. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in safflower seeds oil biodiesel were identified by GC-FID analysis. Majority of FAMEs were methyl hexadecanoate (C16:0), methyl octadecanoate (C18:0), methyl 9 octadecanoate (C18:1), methyl octadec-9-enoate (C18:1), methyl 9,12-octadecadienoate (C18:2) and methyl octadecatrienoate (C18:3). The percentage conversion of safflower seed triglycerides to the corresponding methyl esters determined by 1H NMR was calculated as 94.12%. In addition, various fuel properties of the synthesized biodiesel were determined using ASTM and EN standards and compared with relevant studies. The biodiesel product synthesized from safflower seed oil meets both ASTM-D6751 and EN-14214 standards. In conclusion, safflower seed oil is promising in terms of high productivity, quality and potential in the production of biodiesel products that can be used as a substitute for fossil-based diesel fuel.
Role of analytical methods in verifying biodiesel upgrades: Emphasis on nanoparticle and acetone integration for enhanced performance, combustion, and emissions
(Wiley, 2024) Deviren, Halis; Cilgin, Erdal; Bayindir, Hasan
This study aims to address critical challenges such as global warming and energy sustainability by targeting the reduction of high NOx emissions in diesel engines. The effects of acetone (AC) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) as additives in improving the physicochemical properties of biodiesel derived from renewable, nonedible Pistacia terebinthus oil, which is abundant in Turkey and has a high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 5.8%, were investigated. Due to the high FFA content, a two-step (esterification followed by transesterification [TR]) method was used for biodiesel production. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of biodiesel obtained by both single (TR) and two-step methods was performed to address a gap in the literature. The addition of AC and MgO NPs to B20 (80% diesel fuel and 20% biodiesel) fuel resulted in reductions in the rate of pressure rise, instantaneous energy release, cylinder pressure, mean gas temperature, and cumulative heat release rate. However, brake-specific fuel consumption increased, and brake thermal efficiency decreased. Emissions analyses showed a reduction in CO emissions by 6.65% with AC and 2.10% with AC + MgO, and a reduction in NOx emissions by 41.64% with AC and 46.03% with AC + MgO. However, hydrocarbon emissions increased by 26.48%. The study highlights the synergistic benefits of AC and MgO additives in biodiesel, presenting a viable strategy for improving the environmental and performance metrics of biodiesel blends. It provides new insights into alternative fuel formulations.
Spectroscopic verification of biodiesel synthesis from turpentine tree oil through two-step chemical reactions: investigation of the use of synthesized biodiesel and acetone as fuel additives in diesel engines
(Taylor & Francis, 17.11.2023) Deviren, Halis; Çılğın, Erdal
In this research, the influence of acetone addition in diesel engines was assessed, examining its implications on combustion, performance, and emissions. Biodiesel was synthesized from turpentine oil via a dual-step process involving esterification and transesterification, validated through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance confirmed the presence of methyl esters while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry facilitated the biodiesel component analysis. Tests on mixed fuels, conducted under varied load settings at 1500 rpm, showcased that introducing acetone to diesel escalated in-cylinder pressures, heat release rates, and gas temperatures but mitigated pressure rise rates. In contrast, its incorporation in the diesel/biodiesel blend revealed a decline in the aforementioned parameters and an enhancement in pressure rise rates. Specifically, diesel with acetone yielded a 2.72% and 8.07% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption and carbon monoxide emissions, respectively. However, brake thermal efficiency marginally elevated by 0.01%, accompanied by a 4.19% surge in nitrogen oxide emissions. Incorporating acetone in the diesel/biodiesel blend led to a 1.13% reduction in brake thermal efficiency and a notable 7.53% cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, while brake specific fuel consumption and carbon monoxide emissions rose by 1.14% and 3.61%, respectively. These effects of acetone necessitate additional research to explore its potential as an additive.
Study on using nano magnesium oxide (MNMgO) nanoparticles as fuel additives in terebinth oil biodiesel blends in a research diesel engine
(Taylor & Francis, 26.10.2023) Deviren, Halis; Çılğın, Erdal; Aydın, Selman
In this study, the effect of adding metal nano magnesium oxide (MNMgO) to a diesel-biodiesel blend on combustion and emissions was investigated. Firstly, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine that the unsaturated fatty acid content of Terebinth oil (TO) was 76.4%. Then, the free fatty acid value (%FFA) of TO was calculated to be 5.8%, indicating that the biodiesel production needed to be carried out in two stages. The conversion of triglycerides to methyl esters was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) at a wavelength of 1438.8 cm-1. The produced biodiesel and MnMgO were mixed with diesel fuel in certain proportions to prepare experimental fuels. The fuels were tested under variable loads and at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results obtained show that MNMgO reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by an average of 10.23% and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 17.18%, but increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 2.21%. Additionally, there was a 1.67% increase in cylinder pressure (%CP) and a 7.82% increase in the net heat release rate (%NHRR), while the mean gas temperature (MGT) value decreased by 0.52%.
Use of pentanol and nanoparticles as additives in diesel engines
(BZT Academy Publishing House, 11.08.2023) Çılğın, Erdal; Deviren, Halis
In this study, the use of Pentanol and metal nano magnesium compounds as additives in diesel engines was investigated. Diesel fuel was used as a reference in the experiments. During the fuel preparation process, 50% pentanol by volume was added to the reference diesel fuel and a Diesel/Alcohol binary mixture was formed. Then, this mixing ratio was repeated and an extra 200mg/L Metal Nano Magnesium Oxide (MNMO) was added and Diesel/Alcohol/Nanoparticle triple mixtures were formed. Obtained test fuels were tested at 3.0 average effective pressure (BMEP) and 1500 constant engine speed conditions. P-V diagram, cylinder pressure, heat release rate, average gas temperatures and pressure rise rate data were taken in the tests. From the test results, binary mixtures and all combustion data and It was observed that the P-V closed area was high. It has been determined that there are effective reductions in combustion data with ternary mixture fuels.

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