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    Efficacy of activated diatomaceous clay in reducing the toxicity of zearalenone in rats and piglets
    (Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2015) Denli, M.; Blandon, J. C.; Guynot, M. E.; Salado, S.; Perez, J. F.
    Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an activated diatomaceous clay (ADC) in reducing the toxic effects of zearalenone (ZEA) in the diet of rats and piglets. In the rat experiment, 90 Sprague-Dawley female weanling rats with an initial BW of 45 +/- 1.0 g were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments for 28 d in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (0 or 6 mg ZEA/kg feed and 0, 1, and 5 g ADC/kg feed). In the piglet experiment, 64 female piglets ([Large White x Landrace] x Pietrain with an initial BW of 14.9 +/- 1.65 kg) were fed 1 of 8 experimental diets for 26 d in a CRD design with a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement (0 or 0.8 mg ZEA/kg feed and 0, 1, 2, and 5 g ADC/kg feed). The ADFI, ADG, and G:F were determined at the end of each experiment. At the conclusion of studies, serum samples were collected and rats and piglets were euthanized to determine visceral organ weights. The diet contaminated with ZEA did not alter the growth of rats and the relative weight of liver and kidneys. However, ZEA increased (P < 0.05) the relative weight of uterus, ovaries, and spleen and decreased (P < 0.05) the serum activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase compared to the control group. Supplementation of ADC in the rat diets counteracted (P < 0.05) the observed toxic effects of ZEA on the uterus and ovaries weight. The diet contaminated with ZEA (0.8 mg/kg feed) increased (P < 0.05) the weight of the uterus and ovaries in piglets but did not modify the serum biochemical variables or the relative weight of other visceral organs. The addition of 5 g ADC/kg to the contaminated feed reduced the toxic effects of ZEA on uterus and ovary weights to that of the control group. Zearalenone (10.5 mu g/kg bile) and a-zearalenol (5.6 mu g/kg bile) residues were detected in the bile of piglets fed the ZEA treatment. Supplementation of ADC to diets contaminated with ZEA reduced (P = 0.001) ZEA content in bile compared to the ZEA treatments. The results of these experiments indicate that a long-term consumption of ZEA-contaminated diets stimulated growth of the reproductive tract in rats and piglets and the presence of ZEA residue in bile in piglets. These effects may be counteracted by the addition of ADC to the diet.
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    Efficacy of different adsorbents in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 in broiler diets
    (South African Journal Of Animal Sciences, 2006) Denli, M.; Okan, F.
    The ability of dietary hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), diatomite and activated charcoal (AC) in reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) in broiler diets was evaluated. Adsorbents were supplemented at 2.5 g/kg to the diets containing 0, 40 or 80 mu g AFB(1)/kg feed. One hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old male broilers were assigned to 12 treatments for 42 days. AFB(1) at 80 mu g/kg feed resulted in a significantly lower body weight gain and feed efficiency than the control group. Addition of HSCAS in the diets significantly diminished the deleterious effects of dietary AFB(1). Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities and total protein concentration in the serum were altered significantly in the birds fed AFB, 80 mu g/kg feed. However, there were no significant differences between treatments in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and uric acid and creatinine concentrations in the serum. Liver weights of birds fed diets containing 80 mu g AFB(1)/kg feed were significantly higher than those of the control groups. Histological observations on livers from birds consuming AFB, at 80 mu g/kg feed showed a yellowish colour, portal leucocytic infiltration, congestion, multifocal fatty degeneration, and dysplasia of parenchymal cells with disorganization of the structure. The addition of HSCAS in the diets prevented an increase in the activity of AST and in the weight of livers and also prevented the histopathological changes induced by AFB(1). However, the addition of diatomite or AC in the diets failed to prevent the harmful effects of AFB(1). It was concluded that HSCAS is the most effective adsorbent to decrease the negative effects of AFB(1) in broiler chickens.
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    Impact of the arginine silicate inositol complex on bone metabolism in broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia caused by manganese deficiency
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Sahin, E.; Ipcak, H. H.; Orhan, C.; Denli, M.; Erten, F.; Ozercan, I. H.; Balci, T. A.
    1. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal disorder in broilers that has financial implications, necessitating dietary modifications to reduce the prevalence of this disease. This study explored how arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI) supplementation affected tibial growth plate (TGP) and overall bone health in broilers with manganese (Mn) deficiency-induced TD. 2. A total of 240 broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each consisting of 60 birds (15 replicates of four broilers each) as follows: i) Control, with 60 mg Mn per kg of diet; ii) ASI, with 60 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet; iii) TD, with 22 mg Mn per kg of diet, and iv) TD+ASI, with 22 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet. 3. It was found that ASI supplementation increased tibial bone length in Mn-deficient TD broilers (p = 0.007). There was no Mn x ASI interaction for other bone morphometry variables (p > 0.05). However, both tibial bone mineral content and density were affected by Mn and ASI (p < 0.05). With ASI supplementation, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were elevated in the TD+ASI group compared to the TD group (p < 0.001). In the TD group, osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in the TGP decreased compared to the control groups (p < 0.001). 4. In contrast, ASI supplementation in the TD broilers counteracted the decrease in OPG compared to TD broilers without ASI supplementation (p < 0.001). The Mn level and ASI supplementation significantly influenced the OPG/receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand ratio (p < 0.001). 5. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that inclusion of ASI in broiler diets could enhance bone formation variables by controlling OPG levels in the TGP, potentially serving as an effective method to decrease the occurrence of TD.