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    Effect of crop maturity stages on yield, silage chemical composition and in vivo digestibilities of the maize, sorghum and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids grown in semi-arid conditions
    (2008) Gul I.; Demirel R.; Kilicalp N.; Sumerli M.; Kilic H.
    The effect of different harvesting times on some silage quality of maize, sorghum and sorghumxsudangrass hybrids grown as in a split plot design with 3 replicates during second crop in semi arid condition were evaluated. In this research, whole plant silage chemical composition and DM digestibilities on different times, measured in vivo were determined. For this purpose, 2 maize (DK 711, TTM 815), 2 sorghum (Sucro sorgo 506, FS 5) and 2 sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (P 988, Grazer N2) cultivars were harvested at 3 different maturity stages (mid-flowering-MF, milkline-ML and hard dough-HD). The chopped materials were ensilaged in 10 L anaerobic jars, for 60 days. Silage samples were dried (CP, FP, pH, ADF, NDF contents were measured) and incubated in fistulated 3 Holstein Friesian heifers for determining dry matter digestibility. Significant differences were found between plant cultivars and harvesting stages for all investigated parameters. The dry matter yields varied between 12654.2 and 25340.1 kg ha-1. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from Sucro Sorgo 506 with ML and HD. Dry matter content of silages were changed from 20.63% (in silage sorghum cv. FS 5) to 27.36% (in sorghum-sudangrass hybrids cv. Grazer N2), pH (3.84 in FS 5 and 3.98 in TTM 815), Fleig point (FP) (90.87 in TTM815 and 104.6 in Grazer N2), Crude Protein (CP) was 3.92% in Grazer N2 and 6.64% in FS 5, ADF was 44.56% in DK 711 and 49.33% in SS 506, NDF was 59.56% in DK 711 and 65.70% in P 988, whereas in vivo DM digestibility at 12 h was 32.82% in SS 506 and 38.91% in TTM 815. Crop maturity increased satistically significantly, silage DM varied from 20.43-25.92% and in vivo digestibility of DM at 12 h varied from 32.56-37.66%, however significantly decreased. ADF decreased from 50.17-42.56%, NDF decreased from 64.71-59.62%), WSC (Water Soluble Carbohyrates) increased from (24.59-30.24%). CP decreased from 5.59-5.05%. pH was between 3.78-4.10 and Fleig point was between 94.66-97.58. These values were not changed statistically, when crop maturity increased. Incubation periods were 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h for determining dry matter digestibility by using nylon bag technique. Silage NDF values were decreased from flowering to milkline stages. It was concluded that silages in vivo DM digestibility were increased with maturity at 12 h rumen incubation. © Medwell Journals, 2008.
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    Effects of different calcium levels on broiler performance and tibia bone parameters
    (2007) Demirel R.; Baran M.S.; Bilal T.; Çevrim U.
    The aim of this research was to investigate the addition of Calcium source (marble powder) of up to 1.2, 1.4, 1.6% levels on growth performance, feed intake, some organ weights and tibia ash parameters in broiler diets. This research was conducted according to Randomized Plots Design by using 3 groups with 3 replicates between 12 May - 23 June in Çarikli region of Diyarbakir. The experiment was conducted on 126 day-old equally sexed Ross 308 broiler chicks. Three diets used as 3 treatments were included (1.2, 1.4 and 1.6% Ca levels) in broiler the diets. Three replicates with 14 equally sexed birds were arranged in each plot. The experiment was started from 7-days-of-age to slaughter weight. The first group was a control and contained 1.2% Ca levels; marble flour was added to the control diet as a Ca source and the Ca levels 1.4 and 1.6% for the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively. At the end of the trial, data were analysed by MSTAT C program, and means were examined by DUNCAN's multiple test. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for all investigated parameters (Live weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass parameters and some organ weights) using Ca doses (P > 0.05). However, crude ash and calcium contents of diets were increased by additional Ca levels (P < 0.01), but phosphorus content of diets were decreased by the addition of a calcium source. The results of this study have shown that there is no adverse effect on broiler performance of an additional Ca source up to 1.6% levels.