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    The frequency of Toxocara infection in mental retarded children
    (Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz, 2004) Kaplan, M; Kalkan, A; Hosoglu, S; Kuk, S; Özden, M; Demirdag, K; Ozdarendeli, A
    Human toxocariasis is commonly seen in places where stray and Toxocara canis-infected dog population is high. There is a strong correlation between frequency of Toxocara infection, life style, and infection risk. Institutionalization of mental retarded patients increases to risk of toxocariasis. In this study, we aimed at investigating the frequency of Toxocara infection among children with mental retardation not requiring institutionalization. The study included 96 cases, who had educatable mental retardation and 85 healthy subjects who comprised the control group. Anti-Toxocara IgG or IgM antibodies were investigated in all serum samples, using ELISA method. The frequency of Toxocara infection was found significantly higher in mental retarded cases than in those in the control group (18.8% and 7.1% respectively) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between mental retarded children and the control group in terms of mean age, age groups, gender, owning dogs and cats and duration of their ownership, socio-economic level and behavioural factors, and personal hygiene (p > 0.05). We did not find any significant difference between Toxocara seropositive and seronegative mental retarded children in terms of demographic factors and epidemiological factors that could increase the risk of Toxocara infection (p > 0.05). The present study is the first seroprevalence study carried out with a mental retarded group not requiring institutionalization. Determination of high frequency of Toxocara infection suggests that these subjects constitute a risk factor for Toxocara infection, which may be attributed to their behavioural patterns.
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    A national survey of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Turkey
    (Slack Inc, 2003) Hosoglu, S; Sunbul, M; Erol, S; Altindis, M; Caylan, R; Demirdag, K; Ucmak, H
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of antibiotic prophylaxis for clean and clean-contaminated elective surgical procedures. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, country-wide survey. SETTING: Thirty-six hospitals in 12 cities in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred thirty-nine surgeons from 6 different specialties who performed selected procedures of interest. METHODS: A random sample of surgeons from different hospitals was selected. A standardized data collection form was used to record the type of procedure, the names, doses, timing of the first doses, and duration of antibiotics, important decisive factors, and problems in the management of prophylactic antibiotic use for surgical procedures. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of surgeons addressed completed the survey. For clean-contaminated procedures, 6% of surgeons did not use antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas 88% used more than a single dose. Inappropriate antibiotics were chosen for 32% of procedures. In 39% of procedures, the first dose of antibiotics was not administered during induction of anesthesia. Duration of prophylaxis was longer than 24 hours in 80% and longer than 48 hours in 46% of all procedures. Only 112 surgeons (2696) were using definitely appropriate prophylaxis in all ways. Multivariate analysis revealed that surgeons in university hospitals (OR, 2.353; CI95, 1.426-3.884; P = .001) and general surgeons (OR, 4.986; CI95, 2.890-8.604; P < .001) used antibiotic prophylaxis more appropriately. Patients not covered by health insurance (OR, 0.417; CI95, 0.225-0.772; P<.001) were associated with inappropriate prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Given the high frequency of antibiotics prescribed for surgical prophylaxis in Turkey, adherence to surgical prophylaxis guidelines is urgently needed.