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Öğe Alteration of nitric oxide production in rats exposed to a prolonged, extremely low-frequency magnetic field(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007) Akdag, M. Zulkuf; Bilgin, M. Hakki; Dasdag, Suleyman; Tumer, CemilThe purpose of this stud), is to investigate the possible effect of an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on nitric oxide (NO) level. In this study, 27 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: two experimental and one control (sham-exposed). The first and second experimental group (n = 10) were exposed to 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF during 10 months, 2 h a day, respectively, and the third (n = 7) group was treated like an experimental group except for ELF-MF exposure in methacrylate boxes. After ELF-MF and sham exposure, serum nitrite levels were measured by Griess reaction. A significant reduction was observed in nitrite levels among the first and second experimental groups of rats and sham-exposed rats after exposure for 10 months, 2 h a day, to ELF-MF of 100 and 500 LT (p < 0.01). These results suggest that prolonged ELF-MF exposure at intensities of exposure limits, determined by ICNIRP for public and occupational, may reduce NO production probably affected by NO generation pathways.Öğe Author response: Mobile phone exposure and testes(Elsevier Science Inc, 2008) Dasdag, Suleyman[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Can safe and long-term exposure to extremely low frequency (50 Hz) magnetic fi elds aff ect apoptosis, reproduction, and oxidative stress?(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal; Ulukaya, Engin; Oral, Arzu Yilmaztepe; Celik, Necla; Aksen, FeyzanPurpose : To determine whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency-magnetic fi elds (ELF-MF) aff ects apoptotic processes, oxidative damage, and reproductive characteristics such as sperm count and morphology in rat testes. Materials and methods : Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study, which were divided into three groups (sham group, n = 10, and two experimental groups, n = 10 for each group). Rats in the experimental group were exposed to 100 and 500 mu T ELF-MF (2 h/day, 7 days/week, for 10 months) corresponding to exposure levels that are considered safe for humans. The same experimental procedures were applied to the sham group, but the ELF generator was turned off. Tissues from the testes were immunohistochemically stained for active (cleaved) caspase-3 in order to measure the apoptotic index by a semi-quantitative scoring system. The levels of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also measured. Additionally, epididymal sperm count and sperm morphology was evaluated. Results : There were no signifi cant diff erences in the reproductive and oxidative stress parameters between the sham group and the exposed groups (p > 0.05). While no diff erence was observed between the fi nal apoptosis score of the sham and the 100 mu T ELF-MF group (p > 0.05), the fi nal apoptosis score was higher in the 500 mu T ELF-MF exposure group than in the sham group (p < 0.05). Conclusion : Long-term exposure to 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF did not aff ect oxidative or antioxidative processes, lipid peroxidation, or reproductive components such as sperm count and morphology in testes tissue of rats. However, long-term exposure to 500 mu T ELF-MF did aff ect active-caspase-3 activity, which is a well-known apoptotic indicator.Öğe Do 100-and 500-?T ELF magnetic fields alter beta-amyloid protein, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde in rat brains?(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, Beran; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, MuratSeveral studies still state that presently accepted safety standards for extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) do not provide adequate protection, and therefore the standards are still open to question. To help resolve this question, the aim of this study was to illuminate the interaction between biomolecules and ELF-MFs by investigating the effect of ELF-MFs on beta-amyloid protein (BAP), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat brain. For this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, which were divided into two experimental groups and a sham exposed group. Rats in two experimental groups were exposed to 100- and 500-mu T ELF-MFs (50 Hz) for 2 h/day for 10 months, which are the generally accepted safety standards for public and occupational exposures. The same procedures were applied to the rats in the sham group, but with the generator turned off. The results of this study showed that neither ELF-MFs used in this study altered BAP level significantly (p > 0.05). However, PC and MDA levels were increased by the exposure to 100- and 500-mu T ELF-MFs (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, both PC and MDA levels were altered by long-term exposure to either 100 or 500 mu T ELF-MF. However, many further and more comprehensive studies will be required to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between ELF-MFs exposure and living organisms.Öğe Does prolonged radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi devices induce DNA damage in various tissues of rats?(Elsevier, 2016) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Canturk, Fazile; Karabulut, Derya; Caner, Yusuf; Adalier, NurWireless internet (Wi-Fi) providers have become essential in our daily lives, as wireless technology is evolving at a dizzying pace. Although there are different frequency generators, one of the most commonly used Wi-Fi devices are 2.4 GHz frequency generators. These devices are heavily used in all areas of life but the effect of radiofrequency (RF) radiation emission on users is generally ignored. Yet, an increasing share of the public expresses concern on this issue. Therefore, this study intends to respond to the growing public concern. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether long term exposure of 2.4 GHz frequency RF radiation will cause DNA damage of different tissues such as brain, kidney, liver, and skin tissue and testicular tissues of rats. The study was conducted on 16 adult male Wistar Albino rats. The rats in the experimental group (n = 8) were exposed to 2.4 GHz frequency radiation for over a year. The rats in the sham control group (n = 8) were subjected to the same experimental conditions except the Wi-Fi generator was turned off. After the exposure period was complete the possible DNA damage on the rat's brain, liver, kidney, skin, and testicular tissues was detected through the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet) method. The amount of DNA damage was measured as percentage tail DNA value. Based on the DNA damage results determined by the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) method, it was found that the% tail DNA values of the brain, kidney, liver, and skin tissues of the rats in the experimental group increased more than those in the control group. The increase of the DNA damage in all tissues was not significant (p > 0.05). However the increase of the DNA damage in rat testes tissue was significant (p < 0.01). In conclusion, long-term exposure to 2.4GHz RF radiation (Wi-Fi) does not cause DNA damage of the organs investigated in this study except testes. The results of this study indicated that testes are more sensitive organ to RF radiation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Does Radiofrequency Exposure Affect Hearing of Children?(Aves, 2009) Meric, Faruk; Dasdag, Suleyman; Dasdag, M. MutluObjective: The effects of radio frequency (RF) and microwave radiation on humans have been the subjects of continuous investigation. Since one of the major group of children exposed to RF/microwave radiation includes those living in the employee residential houses of radio broadcasting station, this study investigates whether RF affects auditory systems of children living in the houses close to a 1,062 kHz medium wave radio broadcasting station. Materials and Methods: The study is carried out on twenty-five volunteer children (Boys: 13, Girls: 12) living in employee residential houses close to a broadcasting stations. All subjects in the control group were similar in age, socioeconomic status, but they were not exposed to radiofrequencies. Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometer (BERA) and Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) were used to measure the effects of RF under investigation on hearing thresholds of the subjects. I-III, III-V and IN inter peak intervals were measured in BERA. Hearing thresholds at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 4,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz were measured in pure tone audiometric measurement. Results: Statistically insignificant sensory neural hearing loss was observed in six children living in residence of broadcasting station at 4,000 and 8,000 Hz frequencies (p > 0.05). However, no difference was observed between the children in the residence of broadcasting station and control (p>0.05). BERA results also indicated no significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed no actual hearing loss in the RF exposed children living in employee residential houses. However, we suggest monitoring of hearing function.Öğe Does Short Term Usage of Fresh Pomegranate Juice (FPJ) Protect Cochlear Hair Cells after Cisplatin-Based Chemo-Irradiation?(Aves, 2014) Akdag, Mehmet; Dasdag, Suleyman; Alabalik, Ulas; Yilmaz, Beyhan; Altas, Sevcan; Zincircioglu, Seyit Burhanedtin; Gul, AylinOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of short-term usage of fresh pomegranate juice (FPJ) on ototoxicity after cisplatin-based chemo-irradiation. MATERIALS and METHODS: The study was carried out on 56 adult Wistar Albino rats, which were divided into 8 groups (n: 7 for each group). The first group was accepted as the sham control group. However, rats in the seven experimental groups were treated with FPJ; cisplatin; irradiation; irradiation plus FPJ; cisplatin plus FPJ; both cisplatin and irradiation; and combined use of cisplatin, irradiation, and FPJ, respectively. Ototoxicity was evaluated by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOA), histopathology, and paracochlear protein carbonyl content. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that cisplatin, irradiation, and both cisplatin and irradiation treatments affected hair cells dramatically. However, the results of cisplatin plus FPJ and combined use of cisplatin, irradiation, and FPJ indicated that FPJ plays an important role in protecting hair cells in the inner ear. Additionally, the findings of signal-noise ratio and protein carbonyl values also supported the results stated above. CONCLUSION: Fresh pomegranate juice treatment can be a supportive agent to reduce hair cell injury in the inner ear of patient treated by cisplatin, radiotherapy, or cisplatin-based chemo-irradiation. However, more performance is necessary for further studies, especially on long-term treatment with FPJ.Öğe Effect of 2100 MHz mobile phone radiation on healing of mandibular fractures: an experimental study in rabbits(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Durgun, Mustafa; Dasdag, Suleyman; Erbatur, Serkan; Yegin, Korkut; Durgun, Suna Ogucu; Uzun, Cosar; Ogucu, GolgeFractures in the maxillofacial region are among the most frequent incidences in patients exposed to trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2100MHz electromagnetic radiation on the healing of mandibular fractures in rabbits. The study was carried out on 12 mature male New Zealand rabbits. After producing a left mandibular osteotomy, the fracture was repaired by using a plate screw. The rabbits were divided into two groups - control and experimental. The experimental group was exposed for 3h daily to a 2100MHz radiofrequency (RF) for 28 d. Biomechanical, histopathological and radiological tests were performed during the healing of the mandibular bone. According to the biomechanical tests, the energy absorption capacity, toughness and maximum strength of the mandibular bone were increased compared to the control group (6.84vs. 2.57, 0.135vs. 0.041 and 22.21vs. 10.32, respectively). No significant differences between the two groups were found during the radiological assessment. However, the histopathological examination revealed that the fracture healing score was higher in the experimental group when compared to the control group (8.0vs. 2.75, respectively). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that a 2100MHz RF radiation positively affected fracture healing.Öğe Effect of 4 Hz and multifrequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on bone fracture healing(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Gelir, Ali; Akdag, Mahmut Berat; Gem, Mehmet; Baksi, Nazan; Akpinar, FuatPulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been used in bone fracture healing for many years. However, it is still not clear which frequencies are more effective. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single frequency of 4 Hz and a package of multiple frequencies (220 Hz, 727 Hz, 880 Hz and 10 kHz) on bone fractures of rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, R4 and RM. A transverse osteotomy was created in the right medial tibias diaphysis of each rat under anesthesia. The right tibia of the rats in the R4 and RM groups was exposed to 4 Hz, and a package of multiple frequencies, respectively. The rats in both irradiation groups were exposed to a pulsed magnetic field with an amplitude of 10 mT for 1 h/day during 1 month under anesthesia with ketamine (90 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine hydrochloride (9 mg/kg, i.p.). The rats in the sham group were kept under the same experimental conditions without any field exposure. At the end of the study, the right tibia of each rat was removed and bone healing was evaluated histopathologically and radiologically, and the concentrations of some elements were measured, such as Na, Mg, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se, Ca and P. The results showed that 4 Hz exposure was more effective in bone fracture healing than the other frequencies in this study. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the mechanisms underlying the effect of 4 Hz PEMF.Öğe Effect of 50-Hz 1-mT magnetic field on the uterus and ovaries of rats (Electron microscopy evaluation)(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2006) Aksen, Feyzan; Akdag, M. Zulkuf; Ketani, Aydin; Yokus, Beran; Kaya, Abdurrahman; Dasdag, SuleymanBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF) on the uterus and ovary of rats. Material/Methods: Forty-eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups, one for 50 and the other for 100 days of exposure. Each group was further divided into two groups, one sham exposed (n=12) and the other the experimental group (n=12). The experimental rats were exposed to 50-Hz 1-mT ELFMF for three hours/day for 50 or 100 days. The sham groups of rats were kept under the same circumstances without applying ELFMF. Electron microscopic examination was performed to evaluate the ovaries and uterus. Results: Ultrastructural dissolution, decrease in cell organelles, cavities in cells, heterochromative appearance, and typical structural loss of the nucleus were observed in germinal epithelial cells of the rat ovaries in the 50-days ELFMF exposure group. Ultrastructural alterations in germinal epithelium and tunica albuginea of ovaries, irregularity in nucleus and nucleolus, increase in lipid vacuoles of cell cytoplasm and reduction in organelles were observed in rat ovaries in the 100-days ELFMF exposure groups. Similar alterations were observed in uterus. Malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) of the ovaries and uterus increased in rats of the two exposure groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that 50 and 100 days of exposure to a 1-mT ELFMF can cause alterations at the cellular level and in MDA concentration.Öğe Effect of 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation on Beta Amyloid Protein, Protein Carbonyl, and Malondialdehyde in the Brain(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, BeranRecently, many studies have been carried out in relation to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (RF) emitted from a mobile phone on the brain. However, there is little data concerning possible mechanisms between long-term exposure of RF radiation and biomolecules in brain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the rat brain. The study was carried out on 17 Wistar Albino adult male rats. The rat heads in a carousel were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from a generator, simulating mobile phones. For the study group (n: 10), rats were exposed to the radiation 2 h per day (7 days a week) for 10 months. For the sham group (n: 7), rats were placed into the carousel and the same procedure was applied except that the generator was turned off. In this study, rats were euthanized after 10 months of exposure and their brains were removed. Beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde levels were found to be higher in the brain of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation. However, only the increase of protein carbonyl in the brain of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). In conclusion, 900 MHz radiation emitted from mobile/cellular phones can be an agent to alter some biomolecules such as protein. However, further studies are necessary.Öğe Effect of 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on DNA and oxidative stress in brain(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Alkis, Mehmet Esref; Bilgin, Hakki Murat; Akpolat, Veysi; Dasdag, Suleyman; Yegin, Korkut; Yavas, Mehmet Cihan; Akdag, Mehmet ZulkufUbiquitous and ever increasing use of mobile phones led to the growing concern about the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by cell phones on biological systems. The aim of this study is to explore whether long-term RFR exposure at different frequencies affects DNA damage and oxidant-antioxidant parameters in the blood and brain tissue of rats. 28 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 7). They were identified as Group 1: sham-control, Group 2: 900 MHz, Group 3: 1800 MHz, and Group 4: 2100 MHz. Experimental groups of rats were exposed to RFR 2 h/day for 6 months. The sham-control group of rats was subjected to the same experimental condition but generator was turned off. Specific absorption rates (SARs) at brain with 1 g average were calculated as 0.0845 W/kg, 0.04563 W/kg, and 0.03957, at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz, respectively. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) analyses were conducted in the brain tissue samples. Results of the study showed that DNA damage and oxidative stress indicators were found higher in the RFR exposure groups than in the sham-control group. In conclusion, 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz RFR emitted from mobile phones may cause oxidative damage, induce increase in lipid peroxidation, and increase oxidative DNA damage formation in the frontal lobe of the rat brain tissues. Furthermore, 2100-MHz RFR may cause formation of DNA single-strand breaks.Öğe Effect of ELF magnetic fields on lipid peroxidation, sperm count, p53, and trace elements(Int Scientific Literature, Inc, 2006) Akdag, M. Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Aksen, Feyzan; Isik, Birgul; Yilmaz, FahriBackground: Some epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest a possible connection between extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and certain illnesses, such as cancer, immune suppression, as well as reproductive toxic effects and abnormalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ELF magnetic fields (1.35 mT) on sperm count, malondialdelivde concentration, the histology of such organs as the testes, brain, liver, and kidney tissues, p53 immunoreactivity of bone marrow, and the serum concentrations Of Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+ in rats. Material/Methods: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into two groups. The rats in the experimental group were exposed to an ELF magnetic field 2 hr/day for 2 months (7 days a week). The rats in the control group were not exposed to the ELF magnetic field. The exposure was performed in a Faraday cake (130x65x80 cm) with grounded shielding against the electric component. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Magnetic field measurements showed that, under the experimental conditions, the magnetic field-exposure system produced a stable. flux density of 1.35 +/- 0.018 mT and a stable frequency of 50 Hz, with negligible harmonics and no transients. However, no statistically significant alteration was observed in the parameters measured in this study except in Mn2+ concentrations (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present study found no evidence of an adverse effect of ELF magnetic fields on the measured parameters except for significantly increased Mn2+ concentrations (p < 0.001).Öğe EFFECT OF EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD AND MOBILE PHONE EXPOSURE ON NASAL MUCOSA AND NOSE SKIN(Diagnosis Press Ltd, 2011) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Meric, Faruk; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal; Celik, Mustafa Salih; Gun, RamazanThe increasing usage of wireless comunication systems and electric-electronical systems in daily life has caused a concern over possible adverse effects of radio frequency radiation (RFR) and Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MF) on biological systems. The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effect of 900 MHz RFR and ELF-MF exposure on nasal mucosa and nose skin of rats. In this study two different exposure systems were used to get information about the effects of RFR emitted from mobile phones and ELF-MF on nose. In the first part of the study Twenty one Wistar Albino adult male rats (sham: 7, exposure: 14) were used to determine the effects of 900 MHz RFR on nose. For the exposure group, rat heads were exposed to the 900 MHz RFR 2 h per day (7 days in a week) for 10 months. For the sham group, same process was applied to the rats, except that the generator was turned off In the second part of the study 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats (Mona: 10, first exposure: 10, second exposure: 10) were used to determine the effects of 100 mu T and 500 mu T extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) which complies to the safety standards for public and occupational exposure. The rats in the exposure groups of this part of the study were exposed to 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF for 2 hours per day (7 days in a week) during 10 months in a Plexiglas cage. For the sham group, the same experimental process was applied to the rats but ELF-MF generator was turned off The results of the present study showed that 10 months of exposures of mobile phones and ELF-MF do not affect the mucous membrane and skin of nose. In conclusion, radiofrequency and ELF-MF used in this study do not affect nasal skin and mucosa of rats exposed to 900 MHz RFR, 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF.Öğe Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Dasdag, Suleyman; Tas, Muzaffer; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Yegin, KorkutThe aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on testes. The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n: 8) and exposure (n: 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR radiation for 24 h/d during 12 months (1 year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham control group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and reproductive organs were removed. Motility (%), concentration (x 10(6) /mL), tail defects (%), head defects (%) and total morphologic defects (%) of sperms and weight of testes (g), left epididymis (g), prostate (g), seminal vesicles (g) were determined. Seminiferous tubules diameter (mm) and tunica albuginea thickness (mm) were also measured. However, the results were evaluated by using Johnsen's score. Head defects increased in the exposure group (p<0.05) while weight of the epididymis and seminal vesicles, seminiferous tubules diameter and tunica albuginea thickness were decreased in the exposure group (p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.0001). However, other alterations of other parameters were not found significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, we observed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF emitted from Wi-Fi (2420 mu W/kg, 1 g average) affects some of the reproductive parameters of male rats. We suggest Wi-Fi users to avoid long-term exposure of RF emissions from Wi-Fi equipment.Öğe The Effect of Long-Term Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Geometric and Biomechanical Properties of Rats' Bone(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2010) Akdag, M. Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Erdal, Nurten; Buyukbayram, Huseyin; Gurgul, SerkanBone is composed of a mineral matrix reinforced by a network of collagen that governs the biomechanical functions of the skeletal system in the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the possible effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on geometric and biomechanical properties of rats' bone. In this study, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: two experimental and one control sham. The first and second experimental group (n = 10) were exposed to 100 mu T and 500 mu T-MF during 10 months, 2 h a day, respectively, and the third (sham) (n = 10) group was treated like experimental group except ELF-MF exposure in methacrylate boxes. After ELF-MF and sham exposure, geometric and the biomechanical properties of rats' bone, such as cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft, length of the femur, cortical thickness of the femur, ultimate tensile strength (maximum load), displacement, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, elastic modulus, and toughness of bone were determined. The geometric and biomechanical analyses showed that a significant decrease in rats exposed to 100 mu T-MF in comparison to sham and 500 mu T-MF exposed rats about the values of cross-sectional area of the femoral shaft (P < 0.05). Maximum load increased in 100 mu T-MF and 500 mu T-MF exposed rats when compared to that of the sham rats (P < 0.05). The cortical thickness of the femurs of MF-exposed rats (100 mT and 500 mT) were significantly decreased in comparison to that of sham groups' rats (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found in the other biomechanical endpoints between each other groups, such as: length of the femur, displacement, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, elastic modulus, and toughness of bone (P > 0.05). These experiments demonstrated that 100 mu T-MF and 500 mu T-MF can affect biomechanical and geometrical properties of rats' bone.Öğe Effect of Mobile Phone Exposure on Apoptotic Glial Cells and Status of Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, M. Zulkuf; Ulukaya, Engin; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal; Ocak, Ali RizaThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobile phone exposure on glial cells in brain. The study carried out on 31 Wistar Albino adult male rats. The rat heads in a carousel exposed to 900MHz microwave. For the study group (n:14), rats exposed to the radiation 2 h per day (7 days in a week) for 10 months. For the sham group (n: 7), rats were placed into the carousel and the same procedure was applied except that the generator was turned off. For the cage control (n: 10), nothing applied to rats in this group. In this study, rats were euthanized after 10 months of exposure periods and brains were removed. Brain tissues were immunohistochemically stained for the active (cleaved) caspase-3, which is a well-known apoptosis marker, and p53. The expression of the proteins was evaluated by a semi-quantitative scoring system. However, total antioxidative capacity (TAC), catalase, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index were measured in rat brain. Final score for apoptosis in the exposed group was significantly lower than the sham (p < 0.001) and the cage control groups (p < 0.01). p53 was not significantly changed by the exposure (p > 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity and catalase in the experimental group was found higher than that in the sham group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). In terms of the TOS and oxidative stress index, there was no statistically significant difference between exposure and sham groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the final score for apoptosis, total antioxidant capacity and catalase in rat brain might be altered by 900MHz radiation produced by a generator to represent exposure of global systems for mobile communication (GSM) cellular phones.Öğe Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Erdal, Mehmet Emin; Erdal, Nurten; Ay, Ozlem Izci; Ay, Mustafa Ertan; Yilmaz, Senay GorucuPurpose: MicroRNAs (miRNA) play a paramount role in growth, differentiation, proliferation and cell death by suppressing one or more target genes. However, their interaction with radiofrequencies is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on some of the miRNA in brain tissue. Materials and methods : The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n = 8) and exposure (n = 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation for 24 hours a day for 12 months (one year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed. miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-107, miR-125a-3p in brain were investigated in detail. Results: The results revealed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation can alter expression of some of the miRNAs such as miR-106b-5p (adj p* = 0.010) and miR-107 (adj p* = 0.005). We observed that mir 107 expression is 3.3 times and miR-106b-5p expression is 3.65 times lower in the exposure group than in the control group. However, miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-125a-3p levels in brain were not altered. Conclusion: Long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF may lead to adverse effects such as neurodegenerative diseases originated from the alteration of some miRNA expression and more studies should be devoted to the effects of RF radiation on miRNA expression levels.Öğe Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields on Periodontal Tissues and Teeth in Rats(Medwell Online, 2011) Kaya, Filiz Acun; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Kaya, Can Ayhan; Dasdag, Suleyman; Yavuz, Izzet; Kilinc, Nihal; Dogru, Arzum GulerThe aim of this study is to research the effects of ELF magnetic fields on periodontal tissues and teeth in rats histopathologically. The experiments were performed on 27 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 4 months at the beginning of the study, weighing (342.4 +/- 38.89) g and fed with standard pelleted food. The rats were divided into three groups; two experimental and one control (sham). Experimental groups were exposed to 100 and 500 mu T ELF magnetic fields during 10 months, 2 h a day, respectively. Third group was sham that were treated like experimental group except ELF magnetic fields exposure in methacrylate boxes. There was no statistical difference between the experimental groups among all tissues (p>0.05). Alveolar bone, pulp and gingiva there were statistically significant differences among the groups of sham and 1st experimental, sham and 2nd experimental (p<0.05). The statistical difference between the experimental and sham groups in the study makes us to think that ELF magnetic fields may have effects on periodontal tissues and teeth.Öğe Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Caspase Activities and Oxidative Stress Values in Rat Brain(Humana Press Inc, 2010) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Ulukaya, Engin; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal; Kurt, Mustafa Ayberk; Taskin, AbdullahThis study was aimed to investigate the effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on apoptosis and oxidative stress values in the brain of rat. Rats were exposed to 100 and 500 mu T ELF-MF, which are the safety standards of public and occupational exposure for 2 h/day for 10 months. Brain tissues were immunohistochemically stained for the active (cleaved) caspase-3 in order to measure the apoptotic index by a semi-quantitative scoring system. In addition, the levels of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OS!) were measured in rat brain. Final score of apoptosis and MPO activity were not significantly different between the groups. CAT activity decreased in both exposure groups (p<0.05), while TAC was found to be lower in ELF 500 group than those in ELF-100 and sham groups (p<0.05). MDA, TOS, and OSI values were found to be higher in ELF-500 group than those in ELF-100 and sham groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis was not changed by long-term ELF-MF exposure, while both 100 and 500 mu T ELF-MF exposure induced toxic effect in the rat brain by increasing oxidative stress and diminishing antioxidant defense system.
