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Comparison of cryoprotective effects of iodixanol, trehalose and cysteamine on ram semen
(Elsevier, 2013) Cirit, Umut; Bagis, Haydar; Demir, Kamber; Agca, Cansu; Pabuccuoglu, Serhat; Varisli, Omer; Clifford-Rathert, Charlotte
This study was conducted to improve cryosurvival of electroejaculated (EE) ram semen in the presence of iodixanol (OptiPrep (TM)), trehalose or cysteamine. A tris-based extender was used to prepare 12 extenders containing OptiPrep (TM) (Op), trehalose (Tr) or cysteamine (Cy) alone, or different combinations of these compounds. Extenders were designated as follows: Tris (control), Op1.25 (1.25% Op, v/v), Op2.5 (2.5% Op, v/v), Op5 (5% Op, v/v), Tr50 (50 mM Tr), Tr100 (100 mM Tr), Cy (5 mM Cy), OpTr (2.5% Op and 100 mM Tr), OpCy (2.5% Op and 5 mM Cy), TrCy (100 mM Tr and 5 mM Cy), OpTrCy1 (2.5% Op, 100 mM Tr and 5 mM Cy) and OpTrCy2 (1.25% Op, 50 mM Tr and 2.5 mM Cy). A two-step dilution was used and glycerol was added at 5 degrees C in the second step. Diluted samples were equilibrated for 1 h, loaded in 0.25 mL straws and frozen in a programmable freezing machine. Supplementation of 5% OptiPrep (TM) significantly protected post-thaw progressive motility, membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and morphological damages. Trehalose supplementation protected membrane integrity of ram sperm; however, it did not help post-thaw motility and morphology. Supplementation of 5 mM cysteamine had detrimental effect on cryosurvival of EE ram semen. These results demonstrate that the supplementation of iodixanol increases the cryosurvival of EE ram semen in a dose-dependent manner. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Two Different Media for In vitro Production of Dog Embryos
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Evecen, Mithat; Cirit, Umut; Demir, Kamber; Karaman, Elif; Bakirer, Gul; Hamzaoglu, Asiye Izem; Birler, Sema
Embryo production via in vitro fertilization and nuclear transfer has been accomplished in the dog, and the transfer of the cloned embryos has recently resulted in the birth of puppies. However, the efficiency of these technologies is still very limited. Until now, only two morulas and single blactocyst have been achieved in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of two different media (mSOF and TCM 199) on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) of immature dog oocytes. The study was performed in two steps. At the first step, the effects of two different media, on IVM of dog oocytes were investigated. At the end of the IVM period, the nuclear maturation rates were evaluated by aceto-orcein staining method. At the second step, after the IVM period the oocytes inseminated with fresh spermatozoa for 24 h and left for IVC for 7 d. At the end of the IVC period, embryonic development was assessed by microscopic observation at 24 h intervals and then fixed and stained by the same method. Consequently, maturation rates of oocytes in mSOF medium were significantly higher than those of the TCM 199 (P<0.001). After 7 d of the IVC period, only one oocyte was cleaved in the TCM 199. while eight oocytes cleaved and one of them developed to morula stage in mSOF medium group (P=0.037).
Development of starch based mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery systems for application in veterinary medicine
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Gok, Mehmet Koray; Ozgumus, Saadet; Demir, Kamber; Cirit, Umut; Pabuccuoglu, Serhat; Cevher, Erdal; Ozsoy, Yildiz
The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the mucoadhesive, biocompatible and biodegradable progesterone containing vaginal tablets based on modified starch copolymers for the estrus synchronization of ewes. Starch-graft-poly( acrylic acid) copolymers (S-g-PAA) were synthesized and characterized. The vaginal tablets were fabricated with S-g-PAA and their equilibrium swelling degree (Qe) and matrix erosion (ME%) were determined in lactate buffer solution. In vitro, mucoadhesive properties of the tablets were investigated by using ewe vaginal mucosa and in vivo residence time were also investigated. In vitro and in vivo progesterone release profiles from the tablets were compared with two commercial products. Tablet formulation containing wheat starch based grafted copolymer (WS-g-PAA)(gc) indicated promising results and might be convenient as an alternative product to the commercial products in veterinary medicine. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of different transport temperatures on in vitro maturation of oocytes collected from frozen-thawed sheep ovaries
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Ozdas, Ozen Banu; Baran, Alper; Tas, Muzaffer; Cirit, Umut; Demir, Kamber; Bacinoglu, Suleyman; Pabuccuoglu, Serhat
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 2 different transport temperatures on the in vitro maturation of oocytes collected from frozen-thawed sheep ovaries. Sheep ovaries were transferred into saline at temperatures of 4 degrees C and 32 degrees C. After the 2 experimental groups (A: fresh cortex, B: frozen-thawed cortex) were formed, each group was divided into 2 subgroups (group A1: 4 degrees C, group A2: 32 degrees C [control]; group B1: 4 degrees C, group B2: 32 degrees C). The cortexes were dissected into slices 1-3 mm thick and pieces of 0.5 cm(2). For groups B1 and B2, 1-2 cortex pieces were placed in cryogenic vials containing 1 mL of freezing medium modified with Earle's salts (TCM-199) and supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (FCS + 2.5 M ethylene glycol + 0.1 M sucrose). The vials were then cooled to 7 degrees C at 2 degrees C/min and held at 7 degrees C for 10 min for manual seeding. The temperature was then lowered by 0.3 degrees C/min to -35 degrees C and thereafter by -10 degrees C/min to -75 degrees C. Vials were plunged into -196 degrees C liquid nitrogen and stored. Cortexes were thawed at 37 degrees C. Collected oocytes were matured in their own groups in 700 mu L of TCM-199 (supplemented with luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, pyruvate, and FCS) for 23 h in a gas mixture of 5% CO2, 5% O-2, and 90% N-2 at 38.8 degrees C. After maturation, oocytes were fixed in acetic acid and ethyl alcohol (1: 3) for 48 h. Oocytes were stained with aceto-orcein and then examined. At the end of the study, maturation rates for reaching metaphase I (MI) were similar in all groups (group A1: 30.76%, group A2: 38.09%, group B1: 30.65%, and group B2: 33.33%). The rates at which metaphase II (MII) was reached were 18.58%, 34.69%, 7.25%, and 6.48%, respectively. The best development was seen in group A2 (P < 0.001). Sheep oocytes obtained from fresh and frozen-thawed cortexes reached the MII stage if transported at 4 degrees C.
Effect of Oocyte Diameter on in vitro Embryo Production in Dogs
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Evecen, Mithat; Cirit, Umut; Demir, Kamber; Karaman, Elif; Bakirer, Gul; Hamzaoglu, Asiye Izem; Birler, Sema
In vitro embryo production has not been confidently applied to the dog successfully. Up to date, only one blactocyst have been achieved by in vitro culture. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of different oocyte diameters (<= 100 mu m and >100 mu m) on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) of immature dog oocytes. The study was performed in two steps. At the first step (experiment I), effects of two different oocyte diameters on IVM of dog oocytes were investigated. The nuclear maturation rates were evaluated by aceto-orcein staining method at the end of the IVM. At the second step (experiment II), in vitro matured oocytes were fertilized with fresh spermatozoa for 24 h and in vitro cultured for 7 d. At the end of the IVC period, embryonic development was assessed by microscopic observation at 24 h intervals and fixed for staining by aceto-orcein staining method after 7 days. In comparison relating in IVM and IVF rates, larger oocytes have higher maturation (P<0.05) and cleavage (P<0.01) rates than the smaller ones. Unfortunately, none of the oocyte was reached to morula or blactocyst stage in both groups. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the oocyte diameter may be a helpful selection criteria for dog in vitro embryo production.
Effect of the interval from follicle aspiration to initiation of lengthened FSH treatment on follicular superstimulatory and superovulatory responses and embryo production in lactating Simmental cows
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2019) Cirit, Umut; Ozmen, Mehmet Ferit; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Kose, Mehmet; Kutsal, Huseyin Gokhan; Cinar, Elif Merve
The present study evaluated follicular superstimulatory (FSS) and superovulatory (SOV) responses and in vivo embryo production in lactating Simmental cows treated with FSH starting 1 or 2 days after follicle aspiration (FA). The performance of a lengthened superovulation program, named 6dFSH-P36-hCG60, is described. At random stages of the estrous cycle, cows (n = 52) were subjected to ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration of all follicles >= 5 mm. After FA, cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups in which FSH treatments started 1 or 2 days after FA (groups FA-1D and FA-2D, respectively). Cows were superstimulated with a total of 500 mu g pFSH over 6 days on a decreasing dose schedule and were pre-treated with a single dose of 400 IU of eCG 24 h before the start of FSH treatments. Follicular superstimulatory (the mean numbers of follicles >= 8 mm on the day of hCG treatment) and SOV responses (the mean numbers of CL and cows with >= 3 CL at the time of collection) were similar in FA-1D and FA-2D groups. However, when compared to FA-1D group, the number of unfertilized ova tended to decrease (0.4 vs 1.7; P = 0.065) and percentage of fertilized ova tended to increase (95.8% vs 84.6%; P = 0.066) in FA-2D group. Moreover, the mean numbers and percentages of both transferable embryos (8.0 and 77.6% vs 6.4 and 57.7%) and freezable embryos (5.3 and 51.5% vs 3.5 and 31.1%) were numerically higher in FA-2D group than FA-1D group. The results of the study suggest that starting a lengthened superovulation programs in Simmental cows 2 days after FA has potential to increase percentage of fertilized ova and the number of transferable and freezable embryos, although new studies may be needed to confirm this findings. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of transport and storage temperature of ovaries on in vitro maturation of bitch oocytes
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Tas, Muzaffer; Evecen, Mithat; Ozdas, Ozen Banu; Cirit, Umut; Demir, Kamber; Birler, Sema; Pabuccuoglu, Serhat
In this study, the effects of ovary transport and storage temperature on in vitro maturation of bitch oocytes were investigated. Ovaries were collected from 23 mature bitches and one randomly selected ovary of each pair (n = 23 pairs) was transported in physiologic saline at 4 degrees C, while the other one at 35-38 degrees C for 2-4 h. A total of 316 cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained from the 4 degrees C group and 301 COCs from the 35-38 degrees C group. All COCs were matured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) supplemented with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), essential and non-essential amino acids at 38 degrees C in ahumidified 5% CO2, 5% O-2, and 90% N-2 atmosphere for 72 h. At the end of the in vitro maturation period, nuclear maturation of oocytes was classified as germinal vesicle (GV), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (MI), metaphase II (MII), undetermined nuclear maturation (UDNM), and MI + MII. The nuclear maturation rates to MI, MII, and MI + MII stages were 60.44%, 10.75%, and 71.20% in the 4 degrees C group and 37.20%, 7.64%, and 45.85% in the 35-38 degrees C group, respectively. The data demonstrated that oocytes obtained from ovaries transported at 4 degrees C had higher maturation rates than from the ones transported at 35-38 degrees C (p < 0.001). (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
The effects of a low dose of cabergoline on induction of estrus and pregnancy rates in anestrous bitches
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2007) Cirit, Umut; Bacinoglu, Suleyman; Cangul, I. Taci; Kaya, Huriye Horoz; Tas, Muzaffer; Ak, Kemal
This is the first report of successful induction of normal estrus and ovulation in breeder bitches with as a low dose as 0.6 mu g/kg/day of cabergoline formulation marketed for use in women. Sixty-one pure breed bitches from various breeds were used in the study at their already determined periods of anestrus. Twenty-four dogs formed the control group, while 37 bitches were administered with two different doses of cabergoline (recommended dose group, n = 10, 5 mu g/kg/day and low dose group, n = 27, 0.6 mu g/kg/day). Induced estrus rates and mean treatment and proestrus durations of dogs in these two dose groups were compared. At the second phase of the study, the effects of 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered on days 1 and 3 of estrus induced by the low dose of cabergoline, on the duration of behavioral estrus, ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and the number of offspring were investigated. For this purpose, the dogs with signs of proestrus (22/27) following the treatment in the low dose group were assigned into two subgroups. Five hundred IU of hCG (Pregnyl, Organon, Turkey) was intramuscularly administered to eight of these dogs [low dose (hCG+) group] on days 1between days 8-45 and 4-48 (mean: 23.63 +/- 14.33 and 24.41 +/- 14.31 days), in the ratio of 80.0 and 81.5%, respectively (p > 0.05). In both dose groups, post-treatment interestrous intervals were significantly shorter than both those of the control group and their own pre-treatment interestrous intervals (p < 0.05). Ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and mean number of offspring delivered by the dogs in the recommended dose, low dose (hCG-), low dose (hCG+) and control groups were found to be similar (p > 0.05). However, the mean duration of behavioral estrus of the dogs in the low dose (hCG+) group was found to be significantly longer compared to dogs in all other groups (p < 0.05). In both dose groups, no correlation could be found between the anestrus stages and treatment durations (p > 0.05). Shortly, it has been concluded from the study that (1) normal and fertile estrus can be induced more economically in bitches during different stages of anestrus using as a low dose of 0.6 mu g/kg of cabergoline formulation marketed for use in women, and that (2) hCG injections on days 1 and 3 of the estrus induced by this method has no positive effects on the ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and the number of offspring per pregnancy. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. and 3 of estrus. The remaining 14 dogs were not treated with hCG [low dose (hCG-) group]. An aqueous solution of cabergoline (Dostinex, Pharmacia, Italy) was orally administered until 2 day after the onset of proestrus or for a maximum of 42 days. Blood samples were taken daily from all treatment and 11 control bitches during the first five days of behavioral estrus to measure progesterone concentrations. In the recommended dose and low dose groups, estrus was induced
Effects of halving intravaginal sponges and eCG dose on estrus response and fertility in Tahirova ewes during the breeding season
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Kasikci, Guven; Cirit, Umut; Gunduz, Mehmet Can; Bacinoglu, Suleyman; Sabuncu, Ahmet
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of halving the intravaginal sponges impregnated with 20 mg of flugestone acetate (FGA; 20 or 10 mg) and a dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 600 or 300 IU) on fertility in Tahirova ewes. A total of 200 Tahirova ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups during the breeding season. Half of the ewes (n = 100) were treated with whole intravaginal sponges (WS, 20 mg of FGA) and the other half (n = 100) with halved sponges (HS, 20 mg of FGA) for 14 days. The ewes in both groups were further randomly divided into 2 subgroups (of 50 ewes each). Half of the ewes in each group received a 600 IU dose and the other half received a 300 IU dose of eCG at sponge withdrawal via IM route. As a result, 4 treatment groups, WS 600, WS 300, HS 600, and HS 300 were established. All the ewes were injected with PGF(2)alpha (0.294 mg, IM) a day prior to sponge withdrawal. Blood samples were collected from 40 randomly selected ewes (20 from the WS group and 20 from the HS group) on the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, and 13th day aft er sponge insertion. Serum progesterone profiles of ewes treated with whole and halved FGA sponges were similar on all sampling days. The FGA dose (whole or halved sponge) affected the pregnancy rate and the dose of eCG (600 or 300 IU) affected the fecundity significantly, while it did not affect the pregnancy rate. The data also demonstrate that FGA dose x eCG dose interaction affects estrus and lambing rates significantly. In the whole sponge groups, ewes treated with 600 IU of eCG had significantly lower lambing rates, but a significantly higher fecundity rate compared to the ewes injected with 300 IU of eCG. While the fecundity rates were similar in the 600 IU eCG groups (WS600 and HS600), estrus, pregnancy, and lambing rates were significantly higher in the HS600 group compared to the WS600 group. It was concluded from the study that the sponges containing 20 mg of FGA can be halved for a more economical estrus synchronization at the farm level in Tahirova ewes, resulting in higher pregnancy rates, but halving the recommended dose of eCG (600 IU) could decrease the fecundity rate.
The effects of oviductal cell co-culture and different gas mixtures on the development of bovine embryos in vitro
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Ozdas, Ozen Banu; Cirit, Umut; Baran, Alper; Kasikci, Guven
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of the addition of oviduct co-culture to synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) and Menezo B2 media used in an in vitro study of cows, and the effects of different gas atmospheres (5% CO2 or 5% CO2, 5% O-2, and 90% N-2) on in vitro cultures. Oocytes obtained through aspiration from the ovaries of slaughtered Holstein cows were washed and cultured within a TCM-199 maturation medium at 38.8 degrees C for 23 h. Then the matured oocytes and thawed semen, prepared in accordance with the swim-up method, were incubated for fertilization within in vitro fertilization (IVF)-Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) medium with an atmosphere including the combination of 5% CO2, 5% O-2, and 90% N-2 gas, at 38.8 degrees C for 18-24 h. Fertilized oocytes were distributed into 3 main groups: Group I: B2 (5% CO2), Group II: B2 medium (5% CO2, 5% O-2, and 90% N-2), and Group III: SOF (5% CO2, 5% O-2, and 90% N-2), and each group was divided into 2 subgroups, with and without oviduct co-culture cells, and were cultured for 9 days. The percentage of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage was 34.0%, 20.0%, and 32.3% in the co-culture group and 26.7% and 23.3% in the without co-culture group, respectively. Group III showed the highest development of expanded blastocyst stage (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the addition of co-culture to B2 (5% CO2 atmosphere) and SOF (5% CO2, 5% O-2, and 90% N-2 atmosphere) media increased the rate of transferable embryos.
Effects of Sildenafil Citrate, Isoniazid, and Streptomycin on Testicular Tissue and Epididymal Semen Quality in Rats
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2012) Alp, Harun; Cirit, Umut; Tas, Muzaffer; Rifaioglu, Murat Mehmet; Hatipoglu, Namik Kemal; Aytekin, Ismail; Yucel, Mehmet
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin (STR) on epididymal semen quality and testicular tissue, and to evaluate the protective effect of sildenafil citrate (SC) on possible testicular toxicity induced by STR and INH in rats. METHODS Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 8 groups including control, SC, INH, STR, STR + INH, SC + INH, SC + STR, and SC + INH + STR. After 45 days of treatment, the reproductive organ weights, epididymal semen quality, testicular histopathological findings, levels of serum nitric oxide, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were investigated. RESULTS SC significantly increased the epididymal sperm motility and concentration, and the levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone. The STR group had a significantly higher percentage of sperm head defect than the control group (P < .05). The INH group had lower Johnsen Testicular Biopsy Score than the control group (P < .001). Although SC and INH treatment alone did not affect the epididymal semen quality negatively, the SC + INH group had significantly higher spermatozoon tail and total morphologic defect ratios than the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION It has been concluded from this study that (1) SC has positive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm production, and semen quality; (2) STR affected the testicular biopsy score and spermatozoon head morphology negatively, but positively affected the other spermatologic traits; (3) INH did not effect the epididymal semen quality negatively, but decreased testicular biopsy score; and (4) SC can prevent the spermatozoon head defects induced by STR and can decrease the testicular toxicity induced by INH. UROLOGY 80: 953.e9-953.e14, 2012. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc.
The effects of the thiolation with thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine on the mucoadhesion properties of the starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid)
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Gok, M. Koray; Demir, Kamber; Cevher, Erdal; Ozsoy, Yildiz; Cirit, Umut; Bacinoglu, Suleyman; Ozgumus, Saadet
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the thiolation on the mucoadhesion characteristics of the gelatinized and crosslinked wheat starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) [(WS-g-PAA)(gc)] for potential use in drug delivery via vaginal route. Thiolation of (WS-g-PAA)(gc) was first time realized using L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (CyS) and thioglycolic acid (TGA). These conjugates [(WS-g-PAA)(gcth)] were characterized using FTIR. The free SH group, mucoadhesion, cytotoxicity characteristics and the mechanism of the thiolation were also evaluated. To obtain fundamental data for possible application such as drug carrier, in vitro and in vivo progesterone release profiles from the mucoadhesive tablet formulations were also determined. The results showed that, vaginal tablet containing (WS-g-PAA)(gc)-TGA, which has not contain free SH groups in its structure, displays higher mucoadhesion than (WS-g-PAA)(gc) and (WS-g-PAA)(gc)-CyS. This tablet formulation can also be used as a drug carrier in vaginal applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of synergic effects of iodixanol and trehalose on cryosurvival of electroejaculated ram semen
(Wiley, 2020) Ozmen, Mehmet Ferit; Cirit, Umut; Arici, Ramazan; Demir, Kamber; Kurt, Dogan; Pabuccuoglu, Serhat; Ak, Kemal
The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether iodixanol and trehalose would have a synergic effect on the cryosurvival of electroejaculated ram semen. Tris-based diluter was used to prepare 9 different extenders by the addition of iodixanol or trehalose alone or varying combinations of these substances. Diluters were prepared as follows: Tris (control), Io5 (5% iodixanol), Tr25 (25 mmol/L trehalose), Tr50 (50 mmol/L trehalose), Tr50 + Io1.25 (50 mmol/L trehalose and 1.25% iodixanol), Tr50 + Io2.5 (50 mmol/L trehalose and 2.5% iodixanol), Tr50 + Io5 (50 mmol/L trehalose and 5% iodixanol), Tr25 + Io5 (25 mmol/L trehalose and 5% iodixanol) and Tr12.5 + Io5 (12.5 mmol/L trehalose and 5% iodixanol). Supplementation of the freezing extender with trehalose or iodixanol alone supported the protection of both morphological and functional integrity of ram spermatozoa and total motility at 1 and 4 hr post-thawing respectively. However, beyond these positive effects, the combination of trehalose (25 mmol/L) and iodixanol (5%) significantly increased post-thaw sperm longevity and motion properties at the end of 4-hr incubation. The results of the study clearly showed that there was positive synergic effect of iodixanol and trehalose on cryosurvival of ram semen.
Long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phone on testicular tissue and epididymal semen quality
(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Tas, Muzaffer; Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Cirit, Umut; Yegin, Korkut; Seker, Ugur; Ozmen, Mehmet Ferit
The purpose of this study is to bridge this gap by investigating effects of long term 900 MHz mobile phone exposure on reproductive organs of male rats. The study was carried out on 14 adult Wistar Albino rats by dividing them randomly into two groups (n: 7) as sham group and exposure group. Rats were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted from a GSM signal generator. Point, 1 g and 10 g specific absorption rate (SAR) levels of testis and prostate were found as 0.0623 W/kg, 0.0445 W/kg and 0.0373 W/kg, respectively. The rats in the exposure group were subject to RF radiation 3 h per day (7 d a week) for one year. For the sham group, the same procedure was applied, except the generator was turned off. At the end of the study, epididymal sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, abnormal sperm rate, all-genital organs weights and testis histopathology were evaluated. Any differences were not observed in sperm motility and concentration (p>0.05). However, the morphologically normal spermatozoa rates were found higher in the exposure group (p<0.05). Although histological examination showed similarity in the seminiferous tubules diameters in both groups, tunica albuginea thickness and the Johnsen testicular biopsy score were found lower in the exposure group (p<0.05, p<0.0001). In conclusion, we claim that long-term exposure of 900 MHz RF radiation alter some reproductive parameters. However, more supporting evidence and research is definitely needed on this topic.
The potential fertility estimation capacity of the hypoosmotic swelling test, the thermal stress test and a modified cervical mucus penetration test in the bovine
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Bacinoglu, Suleyman; Tas, Muzaffer; Cirit, Umut; Ozdas, Ozen Banu; Ak, Kemal
In this study, hypoosmotic swelling (HOS), thermal stress (TS) and modified cervical mucus penetration (mCMP) tests have been used with routine tests for the assessment of semen quality. This is the first study in which the comparison of potential fertility estimation of fore-mention three tests was performed. Bull semen samples were divided into two fertility groups (high: n = 3, low: n = 3), according to their post-insemination NRR (non-return rate). Prior to the tests, post-thawed spermatological characteristics were assessed after which HOS, TS and mCMP tests were carried out. In the HOS test, the ratio of swollen cells, in the TS test the motility, and in the mCMP test the number of spermatozoa penetrating the cervical mucus, were examined. The relationship between the tests and fertility was also evaluated. HOS test was carried out according to different incubation times and temperatures (37 degrees C 60 min/41 degrees C 15 min/41 degrees C 30 min/46 degrees C 15 min/46 degrees C 30 min). For TS test, samples were subjected to various temperatures for different periods (no incubation (37 degrees C)/41 degrees C 15 min/41 degrees C 30 min/46 degrees C 15 min/46 degrees C 30 min). The mCMP test were subjected to various temperatures for the same period (37 degrees C 15 min/41 degrees C 15 min). In this study, post-thawed motility was found to be similar in high and low fertility groups. However, it has been determined that acrosomal (p < 0.01) and other morphological defects (p < 0.05) were low in the high fertility group. When HOS test was carried out at 37 degrees C, no difference was observed between the bulls with high and low fertility, but at 41 and 46 degrees C, results of high fertility group were significantly higher than those of low fertility group (p < 0.01). Similarly in TS test, the progressive motility rates of high fertility bulls was higher after thermal practices at 41 and 46 degrees C (p < 0.01). In mCMP test, at 37 degrees C, the number of cells that had penetrated was similar. However, significant differences were observed in the incubation at 41 degrees C (p < 0.01). It has been concluded that for the estimation of potential fertility of bulls, HOS, TS and mCMP tests, in combination with routine spermatological tests can be used and the use of further penetration distance range (PDR2) in mCMP test and higher temperatures such as 41 degrees C instead of 37 degrees C, during the incubations in the afore-mentioned performance tests, is more determinative. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Protective Role of Vitamin C on Sperm Characteristics and Testicular Damage in Rats Exposed to Radiation
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Tas, Muzaffer; Cirit, Umut; Ozkan, Oktay; Denli, Muzaffer; Zincircioglu, Seyit Burhanedtin; Seker, Ugur; Ozmen, Mehmet Ferit
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of vitamin C on sperm characteristics and testes in male rats exposed gamma radiation (2 Gy). A total of 21 adult male wistar albino rats (8 weeks of age, weighing 180-220 g) were divided into three groups. Control, radiotherapy (received scrotal.-radiation of 2 Gy as a single dose) and radiotherapy + vitamin C treated rats (during the 55 days after irradiation, 500 mg vitamin C/500 ml water daily orally). Testes samples from all groups were taken at day 55 post-irradiation and epididymal sperm characteristics, all-genital organs weights and testes histology were evaluated. Radiotherapy decreased significantly the sperm motility, concentration, left testes and epididymis weights, Johnsen's biopsy score and seminiferous tubular diameter but it increased the sperm head defects as compared to the Control group (P<0.05). The administration of vitamin C only reduced the harmful effects of radiotherapy on the seminiferous tubular diameter (P<0.05). It has been concluded that the radiotherapy may cause alteration in the genital organ weights, spermatologic and hystologic parameters in rats and administration of vitamin C may be slightly beneficial for seminiferous tubular diameter following testicular irradiation during the radiotherapy.
Relationship between bovine fertility and the number of spermatozoa penetrating the cervical mucus within straws
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2007) Tas, Muzaffer; Bacinoglu, Suleyman; Cirit, Umut; Ozdas, Ozen Banu; Ak, Kemal
In this study, by using a recently developed test technique, the relationship between the total spermatozoa number penetrating determined sites of bovine cervical mucus in straws and potential fertility of bulls, and other spermatological characteristics were investigated. Furthermore, we aimed to determine the effect on the test results, of two different incubation temperatures (37 and 41 degrees C) and two sperm penetration distance ranges (PDRs). Frozen semen samples of six Holstein bulls were used in the study. The bulls were divided into two fertility groups (high and low fertility) according to the non-return rates (NRR). For the penetration test, cervical mucus was drawn into transparent plastic straws and incubated with semen at 37 and 41 degrees C for 15 min. After the incubation, straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour and stored at -20 degrees C. On the evaluation day, concentrations of spermatozoa penetrated to the PDRs, each of which was 2.5 mm, between 32.5 and 35 mm (first penetration distance range, PDR1), and 50 and 52.5 mm (second penetration distance range, PDR2) distance in the straws from the open end, were measured. When compared with the low fertility group, bulls from the high fertility group showed a higher number of spermatozoa at the determined PDRs, and a significant positive correlation was found between the total number of spermatozoa at the penetration distances and the NRR scores of the bulls. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Using cell banks as a tool in conservation programmes of native domestic breeds: the production of the first cloned Anatolian Grey cattle
(Csiro Publishing, 2011) Arat, Sezen; Caputcu, Arzu T.; Akkoc, Tolga; Pabuccuoglu, Serhat; Sagirkaya, Hakan; Cirit, Umut; Nak, Yavuz
The aim of this study was to clone native Anatolian Grey cattle by using different donor cell types, such as fibroblast, cartilage and granulosa cells cryopreserved in a gene bank and oocytes aspirated from ovaries of Holstein cows as the recipient cytoplasm source. One male calf from fibroblast, three female calves from granulosa cells and one female calf from cartilage cells were born healthy and at normal birthweights. No calves were lost after birth. The results demonstrated that the cloned calves had the same microsatellite alleles at 11 loci as their nuclear donors. However, the mtDNAs of the five Anatolian Grey cloned calves had different haplotypes from their donor cells and mtDNA heteroplasmy could not be detected in any of the clones. The birth of healthy clones suggests that the haplotype difference between the cell and oocyte donor did not affect the pre- or post-implantation development of the bovine nuclear transfer derived embryos in our study. The results showed that well established nuclear transfer protocols could be useful in conserving endangered species. In conclusion, somatic cell banking can be suggested as a tool in conservation programmes of animal genetic resources.

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