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Öğe Determination of long-term effects of consecutive effective soil solarization with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) on white rot disease (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) and yield of onion(Gaurav Soc Agricultural Research Information Centre-Aric, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Pirinc, Vedat; Sagir, AbuzerThe aim of this study was to increase the yield in the fields solarized two years earlier (2007) by reducing the white rot disease in onion resulted from Sclerotium cepivorum caused by Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM), Glomus intraradices fungus. Study was conducted in two different experiments (the first experiment where tomato was grown after solarization; the second experiment where lettuce and pepper in previous growing seasons were grown after solarization). Pearl bulb onions were grown with four repetitions according to split-split plot design (2008). In the experiments, the consecutive effects of solarization were considered as main and of sub-VAM and S. cepivorum as mini plots. With the artificial inoculation of S. cepivorum, sufficient disease symptoms were not detected in the onion bulb; however, it reduced the thickness of leaves and stems. And for these two development parameters, results were found significant (P<0.01). Bulb onion yield decreased by 11% in the first experiment and 16% in the second experiment with the S. cepivorum inoculation. The effect of solarization on yield in the second year was higher than in the third year. In the second consecutive season (experiment 1), both of shallot and bulb onion yield increased by 25%, and in the third season (experiment 2), yield increased by 18% for bulb onion. Leaf and stem thickness increased with VAM, but decreased by S. cepivorum. Results were found to be significant (P<0.01) for both the experiments. Consequently, thanks to VAM, product yield increased in both the experiments, and the increments were determined as 22% for shallot; as 25% for bulb onion yield in the second experiment. The effects of solarization combined with VAM increased bulb onion yield by 50%, compared to without both of them. Among the combinations, the highest yield was achieved with the Sol-VAM-non-S. cepivorum application in comparison to non-solarized-non-VAM-S. cepivorum, through this application provided an increase of 54.41% for the first and 91.13% for the second experiment. In conclusion, the effect of solarization, gradually became less effective, in the second and third production seasons. Development of onion alternating in these seasons and loss of yield caused by S. cepivorum could be reduced with artificial VAM inoculation. However, this effect must have depended on the relation between plant species and mycorrhizal colonization in earlier seasons.Öğe Effect of Paclobutrazol on Fiber Quality of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Temiz, Mefhar; Cimen, Ismail; Karahan, EnderAn important objective for using plant growth regulators in cotton is to balance vegetative and reproductive growth as well as to improve lint yield and fiber quality. Field study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replication, under irrigated conditions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey to determine fiber technological properties of cotton to soil applications of 0.05 and 0.1 g/m(2) doses of the paclobutrazol, gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors, were applied once after the first and second irrigation for the growing season. Compared with the untreated control, application of paclobutrazol significantly affected fiber micronaire, uniformity and short fiber content parameters, whereas there were no significant differences in fiber strength and length parameters.Öğe Effect of Soil Solarization and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Glomus intraradices) on Yield and Blossom-end Rot of Tomato(Friends Science Publ, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Pirinc, Vedat; Doran, Ilhan; Turgay, BernaThe study was aimed to investigate the effect of tomato seedlings of Falcon variety (Lycopersicum esculantum L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices in solarized and non solarized parcels on yield and blossom end rot (BER) that cause yield loses in tomato growing. The experiment established according to split-plot design with four replicates as main plot of solarization and sub-plot of mycorrhizal in total 16 parcels. The solarized field increased the soil temperature (11,8,7 & 5 degrees C) than non-applied in different soil depth (5, 10, 20 & 30 cm). The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu were increased in leaves by solarization. The levels of P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in leaves were higher in plots inoculated with AM than without non AM. The effect of solarization on yield was significant and was three times higher than non solarized control. However, AM had no effect on yield. In this study, the expected yield was not obtained, because of blossom end rot (BER). The effect of neither solarization nor AM was seen on this physiological disorder in tomato. However, high temperature affected these abiotic diseases. During the vegetative season, incidence of BER occurred 100% of the high temperature in July-August, whereas this rate was rapidly decreased and was not observed during the cool periods at the end of growing season. The results of this study show that solarization can be applied and recommended for growing tomato in the region, but the research about factors resulting in BER must be accelerated. (C) 2010 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Effect of solarization and vesicular arbuscular mychorrizal on weed density and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in autumn season(Academic Journals, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Turgay, Berna; Pirinc, VedatThis study was conducted on trial field of Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey in 2007 growing season. The experiment established on a loamy- clay soil with the seedlings of Yedikule lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) infected by Vesicular Arbuscular Mychorrizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices. The goal was to increase the yield and quality in lettuce production. The VAM infected and disenfected lettuce seedlings propagated in greenhouse conditions were planted by the split-plot designs-random model. The study was conducted as the main plot applied solarization and non-solarization and subplot with VAM and without VAM which resulted in four repetitions. The solarized field had an increased soil temperature: the increase in the temperature was 11 degrees C in 5 cm depth, 8 degrees C in 20 cm and 5 degrees C in 30 cm. This situation continued to the end of the growth season and also inhibited the germination of weed plants. In the solarized area, the plant height, plant crown-width and yield showed significant increase during the vegetative season of 45 days long. The data was significant for three growth factors. In solarized area, the average weight of lettuce was obtained to be 138.85 g but in control parcel the average weight was 30.85 g. The increases in VAM parcel for three growth factors were significant. But the interaction between solarization and VAM was found non significant. To determine VAM before testing in laboratory, VAM dutied like a bridge from donor lettuce to receiver wild mustard (Sinapsis arvensis L.) as observed in the experiment because mustrad has no symbiosis life with this fungus. Also the laboratory findings supported this; the number of spores, number of VAM infected and infection rate were higher both in main parcel of solarized and in the subplot parcel planted with VAM seedlings than the nonsolarized parcel and non VAM seedlings. The results for both criteria were significant in solarization and VAM application. But the interaction with VAM and solarization was insignificant. As a result, one can note that the VAM inoculation after solarization application is beneficial for growing lettuce especially in the fall of season.Öğe Effects of solarization and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAM) on phytopthora blight (Phytophthora capsici leonian) and yield in pepper(Academic Journals, 2009) Cimen, Ismail; Pirinc, Vedat; Sagir, Abuzer; Akpinar, Cagdas; Guzel, SadettinIn this work, effects of soil solarization and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices on diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian in pepper plants and crop yields were studied. At the end of the growth season, 82.5% mortality of plants and 47.7% of yield loss caused by P. capsici were obtained in control plots. At the beginning of the vegetative period, plant mortality caused by P. capsici in solarized plots was less than that in non-solarized plots, but it was higher at the end of the experiments. The total crop yield, however, increased to 20.9% by solarization. At the beginning of the growth season, anthocyanin production, early flowering and fruit settings were observed in the seedlings inoculated with VAM. Plant mortality caused by P. capsici was inhibited by 69.4% in plants inoculated with VAM fungus, but this rate decreased to 14.9% at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, total yield increased to 40.4% in plots infested with P. capsici, but treated with VAM. The total yield increased to 49.9% in pathogen free solarized + VAM inoculated grown plants plots in comparison to pathogen free non-solarized + non-VAM inoculated grown plants plots. This increase was 42.8% in solarized + VAM inoculated grown plants plots, which were infested with P. capsici. Total yield was 227% in solarized + VAM inoculated grown plants plots without P. capsici in comparison to non-solarized plots + non-VAM inoculated grown plants plots but infected with P. capsici. The yield loss caused by P. capsici in pepper was decreased by means of long-term effect of soil solarization with artificially VAM inoculation.
