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Öğe Cytological and histological effects of pesticide chlorpyriphos in the gills of Anabas testudineus(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Velmurugan, Babu; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Yolcu, Murat; Ugurlu, Pelin; Selvanayagam, MariadossThe present study was aimed to report the toxicity of the chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, with regard to histological and cytological effects through light and transmission electron microscopes in the gills of freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus. The fish were exposed to 0.125 (5% of 96 h LC50), 0.250 (10% of 96 h LC50), and 0.375 mgL(-1) (15% of 96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos for 7, 14, and 21 days for light microscopy and 21 days for transmission electron microscopy. The histological effects were seen in all exposed concentrations of 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 mgL(-1). These effects increased with the increase in chlorpyrifos concentrations and duration of exposure. The main histological effects visible in the gill tissue were fusion of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia. Other effects included the epithelial hypertrophy, lifting of lamellar epithelium, aneurysm, necrosis, and desquamation of epithelial cells were also reported. Cytological effects included epithelial detachment, large subepithelial space, necrotic cells, apoptotic remnant of cells, the presence of macrophages, swelling of mitochondria in the chloride cells, distension of the tubular system, the presence of some large vacuoles, deposition of excessive mucous, and nucleus abnormalities. This study confirms that varying doses of chlorpyrifos have adverse histological and cytological effects in the gills of A. testudineus.Öğe The effect of vitamin E supplementation on ovary and testis histopathology in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Bayar, Ahmet Serhat; Bilici, Serbest; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Satar, Ali; Yanar, MahmutThe effects of deltamethrin on the histology of Oreochromis niloticus testis and ovary and the protective effect of vitamin E supplementation were investigated. The fish were divided into four groups, i.e. a control group, a vitamin-E-treated group, a deltamethrin-treated group and a vitamin E+deltamethrin-treated group. In the control and vitamin-E-treated groups, the ovaries and testes were normal at the end of 7, 14, and 21 days. In the deltamethrin-treated group, deformed oocytes, atretic oocytes, melanomacrophage centers, and focal necrotic areas were noted in the ovaries. Deltamethrin also caused cell necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, decreasing number of spermatogenic cells, decreasing spermatozoa within the lumen of tubule, decreasing number of spermatocyte cells, hypertrophy and degeneration of spermatogonia cells, and increasing number of macrophages in testis. Vitamin E decreased some histopathological changes induced by deltamethrin, but did not confer complete protection.Öğe Effects of Seasonal Variations on the Fatty Acid Composition of Total Lipid, Phospholipid and Triacylglicerol in the Dorsal Muscle of Mesopotamian Catfish (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843) in Tigris River (Turkey)(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2012) Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Unlu, Erhan; Bashan, Mehmet; Satar, Ali; Uysal, ErsinThe seasonal effects on the fatty acid composition of total lipid, triacylglicerol and phospholipid in the dorsal muscle of Silurus triostegus were determined by gas chromatographic (GC) method. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUPA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the most important groups of total lipid and statistically ranged (P<0.05) from 33.88% to 55.85% and from 23.37% to 38.71%, respectively. The major fatty acids of total lipid in all seasons were palmitic acid (16:0) in SFA, oleic acid (18:1) in MUFA, linoleic acid (18:2) in n-6 PUFA, and docosahexanoic acid (22:6, DHA) in n-3 PUPA. In the present study, n-3/n-6 ratios of total lipid were 2.47, 1.20, 1.03 and 1.40 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. It was determined that MUFA and PUFA were the most important groups of triacylglicerol and statistically ranged (P<0.05) from 34.09% to 47.02% and from 33.13% to 46.12%, respectively. The main fatty acids of triacylglicerol were palmitic acid in SFA, oleic acid in MUFA and linoleic acid in PUFA. PUPA was the most important group of phospholipid except summer. The total PUFA percentages of the phospholipid statistically ranged (P<0.05) from 38.12% to 65.75%. The major fatty acids identified in the phospholipid were palmitic acid in SFA, oleic acid in MUFA, arachidonic acid (20:4, AA) in n-6 PUFA and DHA in n-3 PUFA in all seasons. DHA was very high in winter (30.41%). It was shown that the fatty acid compositions in the muscle of fish were significantly influenced by seasons.Öğe Fatty acid composition of total lipids in muscle tissues of nine freshwater fish from the River Tigris (Turkey)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2010) Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Unlu, Erhan; Bashan, MehmetFatty acid compositions of total lipids in the muscle of 9 freshwater fish species were examined via gas chromatography. Palmitic acid and oleic acid were the predominant saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in all the species analyzed. The highest value of total SFA was detected in Liza abu (48.94%). Alburnus mossulensis had the greatest percentage of total MUFA (55.56%). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were the most abundant PUFA in all the species analyzed. Cyprinion macrostomus had the highest percentage (72.65%) of total PUFA. The ratio of omega 3/omega 6 PUFAs ranged from 0.39 to 3.53. Chondrostoma regium, Barbus rajonorum, Carasobarbus luteus, Leuciscus lepidus, Acanthobrama marmid, C. macrostomus, and Silurus triostegus may be preferable for a healthy diet as a result of their high C20:5 omega 3 and C22:6 omega 3 content. A. mossulensis and L. abu had an w3/w6 PUFAs ratio of less than 1. They are not as good a source of omega 3 fatty acids as freshwater fish.Öğe Gill and kidney histopathology in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio after acute exposure to deltamethrin(Elsevier, 2006) Cengiz, Elif IpekThe histopathological effects of deltamethrin on the gill and kidney tissues of the common carp, Cyprinits carpio were determined by light microscopy. The fish were exposed to 0.029 mgl-1 (50% of 96 It LC50) and 0.041 mgl(-1) (70% of 96 h LC50) solutions of deltamethrin for short-term (96h). The most common gill changes at all doses of deltamethrin were desquamation and necrosis. Besides, aneurism in secondary lamellae, lifting of the lamellar epithelium, oedema, epithelial hyperplasia and fusion of the secondary lamellae were reported. Lesions in the kidney tissues of fish exposed to deltamethrin were characterized by degeneration in the epithelial cells of renal tubule, pycnotic nuclei in the hematopoietic tissue, dilation of glomerular capillaries, degeneration of glomerulus, intracytoplasmatic vacuoles in epithelial cells of renal tubules with hypertrophied cells and narrowing of the tubular lumen. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Histopathological Changes in the Gill and Liver Tissues of Freshwater Fish, Cirrhinus mrigala Exposed to Dichlorvos(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2009) Velmurugan, Babu; Selvanayagam, Mariadoss; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Unlu, ErhanThe histopathological effects of dichlorvos, an organophosphate pesticide, on the gill and liver tissues in Cirrhinus mrigala were determined by light microscopy. The fishes were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.91 and 1.82 ppm) of dichlorvos for 10 days with parallel untreated control. No histopathological effects were observed in control group. Hyperplasia, desquamation, and necrosis of epithelial, epithelial lifting, oedema, lamellar fusion, collapsed secondary lamellae, curling of secondary lamellae and aneurism in the secondary lamellae were observed in gill tissues exposed to dichlorvos. Hepatic lesions in the liver tissues of fishes exposed to dichlorvos were characterized by cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, congestion, vacuolar degeneration, karyolysis, karyohexis, dilation of sinusoids and nuclear hypertrophy.Öğe Histopathological effects of cypermethrin on gill, liver and kidney of fresh water fish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), and recovery after exposure(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Velmurugan, Babu; Mathews, Thresia; Cengiz, Elif IpekGill, liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus were examined histologically after exposure to sublethal concentrations (10.05, 20.10 and 30.15 mu g/L) of cypermethrin for 10 days. Histological recovery was also studied by maintaining the pesticide-exposed fish in a fresh water system for an additional 10 days. Epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, oedema, fusion of secondary lamellae, necrosis and desquamation were histopathological changes in the gills of fish exposed to cypermethrin. Hepatic lesions in the liver tissues of fish were characterized by cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, lipoid vacuoles, pycnotic nuclei and focal necrosis. Epithelial hypertrophy, narrowing of the tubular lumen, atrophy of the glomerulus, broader Bowman's capsule, necrosis in the epithelial cells and pycnosis in the hematopoietic tissue were observed in kidney tissues of fish. These lesions grew with increasing concentration. Although some of the changes were reversible, the rest were less pronounced after a recovery period; a period of 10 days was not long enough for complete recovery.Öğe Histopathology of lambda-cyhalothrin on tissues (gill, kidney, liver and intestine) of Cirrhinus mrigala(Elsevier, 2007) Velmurugan, Babu; Selvanayagam, Mariadoss; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Unlu, ErhanThe histopathology of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on the gill, liver, intestine and kidney tissues in fish, mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), which is one of Indian major carp species were determined by light microscopy. The fish were experimentally exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0.3 ppb and 0.6 ppb) of lambda-cyhalothrin for 10 days. Tissues were normal in the control group. Epithelial hyperplasia, aneurism, epithelial necrosis, desquamation, epithelial lifting, oedema, shortening of secondary lamellae and lamellar fusion were observed in gill tissues exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin. Necrosis of tubular epithelium, cloudy swelling of epithelial cells of renal tubules, narrowing of the tubular lumen, contraction of the glomerulus and expansion of space inside the Bowman's capsule were observed in the kidney tissues of fish after exposure. Hepatic lesions in fish exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin were characterized by hypertrophy of hepatocytes, cloudy degeneration, congestion, karyolysis, karyohexis, dilatation of sinusoids and focal necrosis. The intestinal lesions included infiltration of eosinophils into the lamina propria and atrophy of epithelial cells. The present study proves its toxic potential in terms of the damages induced by lambda-cyhalothrin in organ level. In natural condition lambda-cyhalothrin will be less than the present study, but continuous usage of the pesticide might lead to the concentration that was used in the experimental condition. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe The protective effect of vitamin E against changes in fatty acid composition of phospholipid subclasses in gill tissue of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Bayar, Ahmet Serhat; Kizmaz, VeysiThe effects of deltamethrin on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid subclasses (phosphatidylchlonine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositole (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS)) in gill tissue of Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) and the possible protective effect of vitamin E against deltamethrin were determined by gas chromatography. The changes in the fatty acid profile were analysed after 14 d of exposure. Treatments included Group I (fed with basal diet only), Group II (fed with vitamin E-supplemented diet), Group III (fed with basal diet and exposed to deltamethrin) and Group IV (fed with vitamin E-supplemented diet and exposed to deltamethrin). The effects of deltamethrin on PI, PE and PS were valid for the total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The effect on PC was detected in total SFAs and total PUFAs. The vitamin E-supplemented diet did not show complete protective effect on fatty acid composition of the fish exposed to deltamethrin. However, the protective effect was observed in total SFAs, total MUFAs and total PUFAs in PC. In PI, protective effect was only recorded on total PUFAs. There was no protective effect in PS and PE. The results of the present study demonstrated that deltametrin exposure had harmful effects on cell membrane and treatment with vitamin E could only partially protect fish gills. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The protective role of vitamin E on gill and liver tissue histopathology and micronucleus frequencies in peripheral erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Kan, Yeter; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Ugurlu, Pelin; Yanar, MahmutDeltamethrin, is a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide. Vitamin E is a antioxidant that plays an important role in protecting cells against toxicity by inactivating free radicals generated following pesticides exposure. Therefore, it was evaluated whether deltamethrin induced histopathological changes and nuclear abnormalities using micronucleus test in Oreochromis niloticus, and the possible protective effect of vitamin E against deltamethrin inducing adverse effects in O. niloticus were investigated. Fish was fed with no pesticide + control diet, no pesticide + vitamin E-supplemented diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin + control diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin + vitamin E-supplemented diet for 30 days. Pesticide and diet quality made an impact on histopathological lesions. In treatments of deltamethrin, group fed with control diet showed much greater damage in comparison with group fed with vitamin E supplemented diet. Vitamin E decreased some histopathological changes induced by deltamethrin, but did not confer complete protection. Deltamethrin treatment has been shown to results in a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleus. However, coadministration of deltamethrin and vitamin E showed decrease in the frequency of micronucleus as compared to deltamethrin treated fish. Our results indicate that, the MN assay and histopathology can be used as bioassays for monitoring pollution in aquatic medium. On the other hand, it was observed that vitamin E decreased the genotoxicity and histopathological changes induced by deltamethrin. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The protective role of vitamin E on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid structure in gill and liver tissues of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2012) Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Kan, Yeter; Kizmaz, Veysi; Bashan, Mehmet; Yanar, MahmutDeltamethrin is a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide. Vitamin E is a antioxidant that plays an important role in protecting cells against toxicity by inactivating free radicals generated following pesticides exposure. Therefore, in the present study, it was evaluated whether deltamethrin induced changes on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid in gill and liver tissues in Oreochromis niloticus and, the possible protective effect of vitamin E against deltamethrin was determined. Fish was fed with no pesticide+control diet, no pesticide+vitamin E-supplemented diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin+control diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin+vitamin E-supplemented diet for twenty days. Pesticide and diet quality made an impact on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid. In treatments of deltamethrin, group fed with control diet showed much greater damage in comparison with group fed with vitamin E supplemented diet. The results indicated that the deltamethrin led to an increase in the percentages of total SFAs (saturated fatty acids) and total MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids) and a decrease in total PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) in the gill tissues. However, coadministration of deltamethrin and vitamin E showed decrease in the percentages of saturated fatty acids and increase in the percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the gill tissues. In group fed with control diet, deltamethrin led to a decrease in the percentage of SFAs and a increase in total MUFAs in the liver. Coadministration of deltamethrin and vitamin E showed increase in the percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver tissues. These results have demonstrated that administration of vitamin E along with deltamethrin decreases the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and thus protects the cell membranes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Qualitative detection of formaldehyde and ammonia in fish and other seafoods obtained from Chennai's (India) fish markets(Springer, 2021) Devaraj, Parameshwari; Babu, Velmurugan; Cengiz, Elif IpekIllegal usage of formaldehyde and ammonia by fishermen and fish sellers for longer preservation of fish and other seafoods during sales and transportation has recently become a problem. Therefore, the present study was conducted to verify the presence or absence of formaldehyde and ammonia in fish and other seafoods that are commercially important for India, which are obtained from fish markets in Chennai. The present investigation results reveal contamination with formaldehyde and ammonia of commercially important fish and other seafoods collected from fish markets in Chennai. Formaldehyde was detected in 100% of samples in N4 Beach fish market, 93.33% of samples in Chintadripet fish market, 80.77% of samples in Vanagaram fish market, 68% of samples in Pattinapakkam fish market, and 58.33% of samples in Kasimedu fish market. Ammonia was detected in 100% of fish samples in N4 Beach, Chintadripet, Pattinapakkam, and Kasimedu fish market. Since formaldehyde and ammonia are harmful to human health, there is a need to develop a more suitable technology to extend the shelf life of the fish and other seafoods during transport and storage for longer preservation. Strict regulations should be made to control the usage of these harmful chemical substances.Öğe Scanning electron microscopy study of the gills, scales and erythrocytes of Anabas testudineus upon exposure to chlorpyrifos(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Velmurugan, Babu; Selvanayagam, Mariadoss; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Ugurlu, PelinThe present study was undertaken to assess the toxicity of sublethal concentrations (125, 250, and 375 mu g L-1) of chlorpyrifos on Anabas testudineus for 21 days. The morphological changes on the gills, scales, and erythrocytes of A. testudineus were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gill alterations included highly active mucous cells, epithelial hyperplasia, and fusion of secondary lamellae. The scales showed damaged lepidonts. Oozed out cytoplasmic content and lobopodial projections were observed in the erythrocytes after exposure to chlorpyrifos.Öğe Surface structures of gill, scale and erythrocyte of Anabas testudineus exposed to sublethal concentration of cypermethrin(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Velmurugan, Babu; Seluanayagam, Mariadoss; Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Bilici, Serbest; Satar, AliThe present study was undertaken to assess the toxicity of sublethal concentrations (0.015, 0.030 and 0.045 ppm) of cypermethrin on the gills, scales and erythrocytes of Anabas testudineus for 21 days. The morphological changes on the gills, scales and erythrocytes of the A. testudineus were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM studies on all the three treated groups revealed several kinds of gills, scales and erythrocytes alterations and modifications with abnormal morphology. Gill alterations included highly active mucous cells, epithelial hyperplasia, fusion of secondary lamellae and epithelial lifting. The scales showed damaged lepidonts. Abnormal erythrocytes (shrunken cells), oozed out cytoplasmic content and lobopodial projections were observed in the erythrocytes of fish after exposure to cypermethrin. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
