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    Acute Toxicity of Deltamethrin on the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid Classes in Liver and Gill Tissues of Nile tilapia
    (Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Cengiz, E. I.; Bayar, A. S.; Kizmaz, V.; Bashan, M.; Satar, A.
    Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to clarify the acute toxicity of deltamethrin on the fatty acids of phospholipid (PL) classes in liver and gill of Nile tilapia. The fatty acids of PL classes were analyzed by gas chromatography. Deltamethrin brought about differences in the fatty acids of the PL classes in the liver and gill. In the liver of exposed fish, 16:0, 18:2(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylcholine (PC); 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylinositol (PI) and in phosphatidylserine (PS) 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) were the affected fatty acids. There were significant alterations in Sigma MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids), a(n-3)PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PC; Sigma SFAs (saturated fatty acids), Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PE; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PI and Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs,Sigma PUFAs and Sigma(n-3)PUFAs in PS. In the gill, 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PC; 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PE; 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) in PI and in PS 16:0, 18:0,18:1(n-9), 20:3(n-6), 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) affected. The alterations in Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PC; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PE; Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PI; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3) PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PS were significant in gill. The changes in the fatty acids of the PL classes in response to deltamethrin can influence structure and functions of the membrane systems. Changes in fatty acids may be one defense mechanism against the deltamethrin.
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    Öğe
    Cypermethrin-induced histopathological and biochemical changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the protective and recuperative effect of ascorbic acid
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Korkmaz, N.; Cengiz, E. I.; Unlu, E.; Uysal, E.; Yanar, M.
    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid on the toxicity of cypermethrin's on histopathological lesions in tissues and protein, glycogen levels in Oreochromis niloticus. Nile tilapia was exposed to 0.22 and 0.44 mu g/l cypermethrin + control diet. 0.22 and 0.44 mu g/l cypermethrin + ascorbic acid supplemented diet for 20 days. The fish were allowed recuperation period of 15 days in pesticide-free water and fed with ascorbic acid suplementation diet. In light microscopic investigation, histopathological lesions were observed in the gill, liver and kidney. The severity of lesions accreted depending on increased pesticide concentration and control diet. Some of the lesions were reversible or at least were less pronounced after recuperation period. Protein levels decreased in some groups after treatment period according to control groups (p < 0.05). The highest depletions in liver, muscle and gill protein levels were found in 0.44 mu g/l cypermethrin + ascorbic acid supplemented diet group (62.23%), in 0.22 mu g/l cypermethrin + control diet group (53.12%) and in 0.44 mu g/l cypermethrin + control diet group (61.87%) after 10 days, respectively. These levels increased at the end of the recuperation period. The highest depletion in liver glycogen levels was found in 0.22 mu g/l cypermethrin + control diet group (50.50%) after 10 days (p < 0.05). At the end of recuperation period, there was no difference between the groups (except 0.22 mu g/l cypermethrin + ascorbic acid supplemented diet group) and controls. The decrease of muscle glycogen, except 0.22 mu g/l cypermethrin + ascorbic acid supplemented diet group, was recorded at the end of 10 and 20 days. In the recuperation period, an increase was observed at all groups. These results revealed that the histopathology, protein and glycogen can work as good indicators of stress of a toxicant on fish. Ascorbic acid serves fish as an antitoxic agent against pesticide toxicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Öğe
    The effects of monocrotophos to different tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala
    (Springer, 2007) Velmurugan, B.; Selvanayagam, M.; Cengiz, E. I.; Unlu, E.
    The histopathological effects of monocrotophos on the gill, kidney and intestine tissues of the Cirrhinus mrigala were determined by light microscopy. The changes in the gills were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, aneurism, epithelial necrosis, desquamation, epithelial lifting, oedema, lamellar fusion and curling of secondary lamellae. Pycnotic nuclei in tubular epithelium, hypertrophied epithelial cells of renal tubules, contraction of the glomerulus and expansion of space inside the Bowman's capsule were observed in the kidney tissues of fish after exposure to monocrotophos. In the intestine tissues of fish exposed to monocrotophos, oedema, necrosis and atrophy of epithelial cells were observed.
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    Öğe
    Light microscopy study of the gills of Anabas testudineus upon exposure to chlorpyrifos
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2015) Velmurugan, B.; Selvanayagam, M.; Cengiz, E. I.; Ugurlu, P.
    [Abstract Not Available]