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    The effects of amlodipine and platelet rich plasma on bone healing in rats
    (Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2015) Atalay, Yusuf; Bozkurt, Mehmet Fatih; Gonul, Yucel; Cakmak, Omer; Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Kose, Ibrahim; Hazman, Omer
    Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine (AML), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and a mixture of both materials on bone healing. Materials and methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A, tibia defect model with no treatment; group B, tibia defect model treated with AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage; group C, tibia defect model treated with local PRP; group D, tibia defect model treated with local PRP and AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage. Results: At day 21, bone healing was significantly better in groups C and D compared to group A (P<0.05), but comparisons showed no statistically significant difference in group B (P>0.05). At day 30, groups B and C showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group A, but bone healing in group D was significantly better than in group A (P<0.05). Statistically, AML did not affect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 21 and 30 days (P>0.05), but PRP and AML + PRP increased ALP activity statistically (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that AML had neither a positive nor a negative effect on bone healing, but when used in combination with PRP, it may be beneficial.
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    Effects of Local and Systemic Zoledronic Acid Application on Titanium Implant Osseointegration: An Experimental Study Conducted on Two Surface Types
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2017) Dundar, Serkan; Yaman, Ferhan; Gecor, Orhan; Cakmak, Omer; Kirtay, Mustafa; Yildirim, Tuba Talo; Karaman, Tahir
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of local and systemic zoledronic acid (ZA) applications on titaniumoksit ceramic blasted (TiO-CB)- and sandblasted large acid-grit (SLA)-surfaced titanium implant osseointegration. Twelve New Zealand White rabbits were used in the study, divided into 6 groups: the TiO-CB (TiO-CB-CNT) (n = 2) and SLA (SLA-CNT) (n = 2) control groups in which TiO-CB- and SLA-surfaced titanium implants were surgically inserted into rabbit tibias but no treatment was applied; the TiO-CB (TiO-CB-LZA) (n = 2) and SLA (SLA-LZA) (n = 2) local ZA groups in which 1 mL of normal saline solution containing 2 mg of ZA was injected into sockets and after this the implants were integrated; and the TiO-CB (TiO-CB-SZA) (n = 2) and SLA (SLA-SZA) (n = 2) systemic ZA groups in which a single infusion of 0.1 mg/kg of ZA was administered during surgical implant insertion. Following a period of osseointegration, bone implant contact (BIC) was recorded as a proportion of the total implant surface length in direct contact with the bone. Results of this study indicate that BIC was greater in the systemic ZA application groups than in the local ZA application groups, and BIC was greater in the local ZA groups than in the controls. Statistically significant differences in BIC were not detected between the TiO-CB- and SLA-surfaced implants in all the groups. Furthermore, this study did not reveal significant differences between the 2 types of surfaces due to similar average roughness values. Overall, systemic ZA application was found to be more effective in increasing BIC than local ZA application based on the results obtained by testing 2 implant surfaces.
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    The effects of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 and low-level laser irradiation on synthetic graft healing in a rat bony defect model
    (E-Century Publishing Corp, 2016) Koparal, Mahmut; Kose, Ibrahim; Atalay, Yusuf; Cakmak, Omer; Alan, Hilal; Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Erdogdu, Ibrahim Halil
    We assessed the benefit of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on the osseointegration of synthetic bone grafts. Synthetic bone grafts are safe alternatives to autografts. BMP-2 and LLLI have been shown separately to improve bone healing. However, their effects have not been evaluated together with synthetic materials. Here, we used a rat model to compare the efficacy of BMP-2 and LLLI on synthetic graft healing. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 35) were divided equally into groups: control (defect only), graft only, graft and BMP-2, graft and LLLI, and a combination of graft, LLLI, and BMP-2. A 3 x 3 mm monocortical tibial defect was filled using a synthetic graft with or without 2 mg/mL BMP-2 pre-treatment. LLLI was performed using an optical fibre and an indium-gallium-arsenide-phosphate laser for 60 s daily for 7 days, delivering 6.0 J/day. Histopathology was performed 4 weeks post-graft using a standardised scoring system (1-5, based on the degree of healing observed). Groups were compared using the MannWhitney U test, with p values < 0.05 considered significant. Osteogenesis was poor in both the control and graft-only groups (1.4 +/- 0.5 and 2.3 +/- 0.5, respectively). BMP-2-(4.3 +/- 0.5), LLLI-(3.7 +/- 0.5), and BMP-2/LLLI-treated (4.7 +/- 0.5) grafts all displayed significantly more healing than the control or graft alone groups (P < 0.001). Both BMP-2 and LLLI significantly improved the osseointegration of synthetic bone grafts. However, no synergy was noted between the therapies.
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    Guided bone regeneration with local zoledronic acid and titanium barrier: An experimental study
    (Spandidos Publ Ltd, 2016) Dundar, Serkan; Ozgur, Cem; Yaman, Ferhan; Cakmak, Omer; Saybak, Arif; Ozercan, Ibrahim Hanifi; Alan, Hilal
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on new bone formation of autogenous blood alone or in combination with zoledronic acid (ZA), a -tricalcium phosphate (-TCP) graft or ZA plus a -TCP graft placed under titanium barriers. For this purpose, eight adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study, each with four titanium barriers fixed around four sets of nine holes drilled in the calvarial bones. The study included four groups, each containing 2 rabbits. In the autogenous blood (AB group), only autogeneous blood was placed under the titanium barriers. The three experimental groups were the AB+ZA group, with autogenous blood plus ZA, the AB+-TCP group, with autogeneous blood plus a -TCP graft, and the AB+-TCP+ZA group, with autogeneous blood plus a -TCP graft and ZA mixture under the titanium barriers. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months. The amounts of new bone formation identified histomorphometrically were found to be higher after 3 months than at the time of surgery in all groups. The differences between the groups were examined with histomorphometric analysis, and statistically significant differences were identified at the end of the 3 months. The bone formation rate in the AB+-TCP+ZA group was determined to be significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). In the AB+ZA and AB+-TCP groups, the bone formation rate was determined to be significantly higher than that in the AB group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference in bone formation rate was observed between the AB+-TCP and AB+ZA groups. Local ZA used with autogeneous blood and/or graft material appears to be a more effective method than the use of autogeneous blood or graft alone in bone augmentation executed with a titanium barrier.
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    Guided bone regeneration with polyethylene membrane, zoledronic acid and hydroxiapatide bone graft in peri-implant bone defect: An experimental study
    (Allied Acad, 2017) Yaman, Ferhan; Dundar, Serkan; Cakmak, Omer; Saybak, Arif; Kirtay, Mustafa; Kaya, Beyza; Kom, Mustafa
    This study aimed to determine the guided bone regeneration (GBR) capacity of peri-implant bone defect treatment, either with only a hydroxyapatite bone graft or with a hydroxyapatite bone graft mixed with zoledronic acid (ZA) and employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) barrier membranes. In this study, four male New Zealand rabbits were used. First, the rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, the hydroxyapatite graft group (HA) (n=2) and the HA graft + zoledronic acid group (HA+ZA) (n=2). For the HA group, peri-implant GBR was performed with only an HA bone graft, and a resorbable PEG barrier membrane was placed over each surgical defect to cover the peri-implant bone defects. For the HA+ZA group, peri-implant GBR was performed with an HA bone graft that had previously been mixed with ZA. A resorbable PEG barrier membrane was placed over each surgical defect to cover the peri-implant bone defects. Experiments were performed using a standardised peri-implant bone tissue defect model in rabbit tibia for 60 days. Circumferential defects were surgically induced around the dental implants on the tibias of four rabbits. Sixty days after the surgical procedures, the rabbits were sacrificed, and their tibias with the graft sites were harvested for histologic evaluation. In the HA+ZA group, significantly more new bone formation was detected as compared with the HA group (P<0.05). Within the limitations of this study, locally administered ZA with an HA synthetic graft and PEG membrane was a more effective method as compared to using only a graft in a peri-implant GBR procedure. Additionally, a PEG membrane should be useful in GBR as a barrier membrane. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.