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    Effects of lycopene and vitamine E administration over gastric mucosal damage induced by Aflatoxin B1
    (2009) Kurt D.; Saruhan B.G.; Yokus B.; Cakir D.U.
    In the present study, we aimed to determine, the changes induced by Aflatoxin B1 (AFBj) administration on rat gastric mucosal barrier and gastric mucins alongside revealing the protective effects of lycopene and Vit E. Thirty-five Wistar-Albino male rats weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 7 groups as to include 5 rats in each group: control, lycopene (10 mg/kg/day lycopene for 15 days (Lycopene 10% FS), AFB, (single dose of 2.5 mg AFBj kg-1 on the 12th day of the study), Lycopene + AFB1 (10 mg lycopene/kg/day for 15 days and single dose of 2.5 mg AFB1 kg-1 on the 12th day of the study) and Vitamin E + AFB1, (10 mg/kg/day Vitamin E for 15 days and single dose 2.5 mg AFB1, kg-1 on 12th day). Following the sacrifice of study subjects on the 15th day, gastric mucus and phospholipid levels were determined and their stomachs were examined histopathologically. Examination of mucus and phospholipid levels revealed a significant reduction in group 3-5, in which AFB1 has been applied (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.001). When lycopene and vitamine E groups are compared with the AFB1 group, a significant elevation was detected in mucus and phospholipid levels (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.001). Whereas, histopafhological examination of gastric mucosas of the aflatoxin group showed degenerative changes, gastric mucosas of the control group and the remaining study groups were normal. Histochemically, while neutral mucins were predominant in general structure of stomach, mixed and sialomucins were observed, as well. Particularly acid mucins with suplhate and periodate reactive acid mucins were found to be more predominant in the aflatoxin group compared to control and other groups. Histochemical features of mucins were observed to be consistent with specific functions of the different regions of stomach. Lycopene and vitamine E administrations were found to be protective against the damage induced by aflatoxin on gastric mucosa. © Medwell Journals, 2009.
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    Total anti-oxidant capacity and oxidative stress in dairy cattle and their associations with dystocia
    (2007) Yokus B.; Bademkiran S.; Cakir D.U.
    The aim of study was to investigate pre-partum and postpartum changes in the total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), total peroxide (TPX) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of cows with dystocia compared with healthy animals. The possible relationships between these markers and relevant blood parameters were also investigated. Examinations were performed in a herd of 200 Holstein cows, aged 3-6 years. Blood samples were taken both during the 7th month of pregnancy and within the first 15 minutes postpartum. After calving, the cows were divided into two groups according to the type of birth: Group 1 dystocia (n=16) and (Group 2) normal partum (n=21). Additionally, cows in the dystocia group were divided into three subgroups, according to the reason for the dystocia: absolute birth weight (the high birth weight of calf), twin pregnancy and presentation. The results indicated that there were no changes in oxidative stress either in dystocia or during normal parturition eutoci. Oxidative stress may be decreased using an antioxidant supplement during the pre-partum period. The study also showed that oxidative stress does not affect dystocia. It may also be concluded that additional antioxidant supplementation may be required in absolute birth weight and twin pregnancy to reduce TPX levels. Analyses of urea, uric acid, and creatinine, as well as the enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate transferase pre-partum do not appear to be useful for predicting dystocia. However, decreasing serum total protein may be a parameter to be used in diagnosing pathological conditions in pregnancy - particularly during late pregnancy.